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Ottoman Glazed Pottery Standardisation: The Belgrade Fortress Evidence for Production Trends

Ottoman Glazed Pottery Standardisation: The Belgrade Fortress Evidence for Production Trends

Author(s): Vesna Bikić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Glazed pottery from the Belgrade Fortress, already evaluated contextually and typologically, allow us to address some important issues of pottery production and craft specialisation in the Ottoman period (16th—17th centuries). In order to determine the degree of pottery standardisation, this article will analyse the main production parameters, such as shape, size/volume and production technology. The production organisation and craft skills in all aspects of pottery making are examined as well.

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Circulation des potiers ou des modèles ? Production damascène de vaisselle ottomane « à la manière » d’Iznik

Circulation des potiers ou des modèles ? Production damascène de vaisselle ottomane « à la manière » d’Iznik

Author(s): Véronique François / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Archaeological excavations conducted by German and French teams in the citadels of Damascus and Aleppo in the early 2000s, occasional discoveries in the Middle East, Istanbul and Cyprus as well as the publication of ancient excavations highlighted a specific group of painted tableware made in a siliceous fabric. This Ottoman pottery has obvious stylistic similarities with the famous pieces manufactured in the Iznik workshops in the 16th and 17th centuries. This article is dedicated to the so-called Syrian Polychrome Ware probably manufactured in Damascus on a date that is difficult to specify. We will show how this Syrian Ottoman production was similar to the Iznik wares and how it differed. We will try to define the date of manufacture — probably in the late 16th and 17th centuries — and identify the potters. Were they itinerant craftsmen who knew how to make Iznik pottery and, changing their place of residence, were making similar bowls from different raw materials? Were they potters from Damascus, the descendants of the Mamluk craftsmen? In that case, did they have at their disposal the original? The status of these objects is also raised. They were not slavish imitations but Iznik derivatives — the copy was partial, incomplete and of uneven quality. The objective of the potters was not to copy to mislead the consumers but rather to take inspiration from the models to please. The study of archaeological finds and pottery preserved in European museums allows dealing with these issues.

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Керамика Изника конца XV — XVI вв. из раскопок Нижнего двора Аккерманской крепости

Керамика Изника конца XV — XVI вв. из раскопок Нижнего двора Аккерманской крепости

Author(s): Svetlana A. Belyaeva,Elena E. Fialko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with painted faience produced in the Turkish centre of artistic ceramics in İznik and dated by the end of 15th — 16th centuries. This collection comes from the excavations of 1999—2010 in the Lower Yard of Akkerman fortress in Belgorod-Dniestrovsk, Odessa Oblast, Ukraine. Statistical characteristic of the distribution of finds on architectural objects, as well as typological and chronological classification of materials, has been represented. The authors offer a comparative analysis by functional structure and main periods of development revealed in the Iznik artistic ceramics from Akkerman with collections from a number of the Ottoman provinces’ sites. They also propose a historical interpretation of possible ways how Iznik pottery could appear in Akkerman.

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«Гораздо сложнее было с живыми…»: История одного поселка на границе тектонических сдвигов цивилизаций

«Гораздо сложнее было с живыми…»: История одного поселка на границе тектонических сдвигов цивилизаций

Author(s): Oksana A. Dovgopolova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Book review: "Шикирлик-Суворово: два века в истории (1815—2015)"

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Тюрко-татарские города Западной Сибири в XIV—XVI вв. в археологических и исторических исследованиях

Тюрко-татарские города Западной Сибири в XIV—XVI вв. в археологических и исторических исследованиях

Author(s): Sergey F. Tataurov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author analyzes currently available publications referring to the Turkic Tatar cities and identifies issues that require priority attention in further studies of the Siberian cities. The necessity of broader attraction of archaeological materials is indicated. The specificity of urban settlements location, their fortification systems and internal planigraphy is characterized. Special attention is paid to the collections from the excavations of these sites, the imported items, and the osteological materials. On the basis of the research conducted, a conclusion is made as to the commercial and political importance of the cities as provisional headquarters of the Turkic Tatar rulers.

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Turkish Theme in Folk Ballads
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Turkish Theme in Folk Ballads

Author(s): Martina Pavlicová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The spread of traditional folk culture phenomena over a wider area need not be associated only with tangible documents. A similar spread occurred with folklore materials, specifically with ballads – song compositions with a dramatic story and a usually tragic end. These epic, or lyrical and epic, songs narrate a story in brief but with a time sequence and respect for a cause-and-effect relationship. As mentioned by Oldřich Sirovátka (1925–1992), it is not possible to clearly definethe ballad form, as there are a lot of inter-stages between the lyrical song and the ballad: the lyrical song uses epic methods and the ballad uses lyrical means.

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Bulgaristan Türk Göçmenlerinde Dil Değinimi
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Bulgaristan Türk Göçmenlerinde Dil Değinimi

Author(s): Sonel Bosnalı,Zehra Şafak / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bulgaristan Türkleri ve dilleri üzerinde yapılan çok önemli çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte (Günşen 2002, Şimşir 2012, Yalınkılıç 2014), Bulgaristan’dan Türkiye’ye göç eden topluluğun toplum-dilsel durumu hakkında henüz özgün bir çalışma mevcut değildir. Oysa hem nüfus, hem de bazı dilsel ve sosyal özellikleri bakımından, Bulgaristan Türk Göçmenlerinin Türkiye’deki toplum-dilsel durumlarının gözlemlenmesi, göç ve dil sorunsalı çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan birçok soruya yanıt bulmak için yararlı veriler sunabilir. Göç sonucu ortaya çıkan çok dillilik nasıl biçimlenir ve nasıl düzenlenmelidir? Göç öncesi toplum-dilsel davranışlar göç ortamında sürdürülebilir mi yoksa yeni koşullara uyarlanır mı? Göç kaynaklı dil değinimi, göçmen topluluğun dil kullanımı ve pratiklerini nasıl ve ne düzeyde etkiler? Yeni toplum-dilsel koşullar, toplum-dilsel davranışları ve dillerin yapısını ne ölçüde etkiler? Dil, kimlik ilişkisi çerçevesinde göçmen toplulukların kültürel aidiyetleri nasıl biçimlenir veya belirlenir? Dil değinimi durumunda dillerden birinin veya bazılarının yok olması kaçınılmaz mıdır? Eğer kaçınılmaz ise, bu dil her zaman göçmenlerin dili mi olur?

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Göç Olgusunun Dinsel ve Mezhepsel Kimlikler Üzerindeki Etkisi
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Göç Olgusunun Dinsel ve Mezhepsel Kimlikler Üzerindeki Etkisi

Author(s): Sıddık Korkmaz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Göç olgusunun dinsel ve mezhepsel kimlikler üzerindeki etkileri ve bu etkilerin tarihsel örnekleri nelerdir? Buna ilaveten tarihsel bir realite olan göç olgusunun iyi tahlil edilebilmesi için ne gibi hususlar göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır? Bu olgunun insan üzerindeki etkisi din ve mezhep anlayışına yansımaları nasıl olmaktadır? şeklindeki sorular, cevaplarını arayacağımız hususlardandır.

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Şahıs Adlarından Hareketle Göç ve İskan Tarihi Çalışmalarına Bir Katkı: Cincife Nahiyesi Örneği
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Şahıs Adlarından Hareketle Göç ve İskan Tarihi Çalışmalarına Bir Katkı: Cincife Nahiyesi Örneği

Author(s): Alpaslan Demir,Yasin Dönder / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Timar sisteminin bir çıktısı olarak oluşturulan Tahrir defterleri; içerdiği demografik, ekonomik ve idari bilgiler sebebiyle; 15-16. yüzyıl şehir tarihi çalışmaları için en önemli başvuru kaynaklarından biridir. Bu doğrultuda, Tahrir kayıtlarından hareketle elde edilen göç verileri bir yerleşim yerinin 15-16. yüzyıldaki demografik yapısının aydınlatılmasında önemlidir. Yüzyıl içerisinde meydana gelen nüfus artışı ya da eksilişinin nedenlerini belirlemek ve sağlıklı çıkarımlar ortaya koyabilmek için iç ve dış göç verilerinin dikkatli incelenmesi gerekmektedir (Demir, 2011a, s. 53).

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Jewellery Consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, 17th—18th centuries

Jewellery Consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, 17th—18th centuries

Author(s): Florentina Niţu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study explores the evolution of jewellery consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, during the 17th—18th centuries, from the perspective of the luxury consumption at the level of the elite. The documents that were analysed highlight a transition from oriental luxury, introduced through Phanariot rulers to Western luxury, directly inspired by contact with travellers or foreign officers and ambassadors passing through the Principalities, but also indirectly through fashion magazines. On the other hand, we can see that jewellery is closely related to fashion and follows the trends and consumer options in connection to it. They mark the social or political position, but also the cultural values adopted by the elite, which are expressed through in fashion choices. There are jewels that are neutral in terms of western or oriental influence, just as belt clasp (paftale) are directly related to the oriental costume. After the middle of the eighteenth century, we notice a mutation in the dowry sheets regarding the relationship between jewellery and clothing, in favour of the latter; the typology of jewellery is limited, but we find valuable jewellery, adorned with diamonds or diamonds and, also, the number of some of the pieces increases (rings, for example).

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Jméno Jan v průběhu 12.–21. století na území dnešní České republiky
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Jméno Jan v průběhu 12.–21. století na území dnešní České republiky

Author(s): Jana Pleskalová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The author investigates the first name Jan (John), its modifications and usage on the territory of today’s Czech Republic. On the basis of rich anthroponymic sources she has proved that the name Jan has belonged among the most frequently used names in the Czech lands since the 12th century and has kept this status to the present day. Numerous hypocoristic modifications of this name have served the purpose of distinguishing individuals bearing the same official name. Today, they still exist as both surnames (Janáček, Janda) and hypocoristic forms of first names (Jenda, Honzík) used in informal contexts.

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DOPRINOS AKADEMIKA BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA U PISANJU KNJIGE “HISTORIJA NARODA JUGOSLAVIJE II”

DOPRINOS AKADEMIKA BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA U PISANJU KNJIGE “HISTORIJA NARODA JUGOSLAVIJE II”

Author(s): Enes Pelidija / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Im seinem langen und sehr interessanten Leben erwarb Branislav Đurđev eine große Lebenserfahrung, die man auch in seinem wissenschaftlichen Werk spürt. Schon in realtiv jungen Jahren erwarb er sich den Ruf eines angesehenen Osmanisten. Hinter ihm blieb eine große Anzahl veröffentlichter Bücher, Abhandlungen, Beiträge und Essays. Dafür spricht auch die Bibliographie dieses Professors, die 306 bibliographische Einheiten zählt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden konkrete Daten zu seinen Interessen und Schwerpunkten in der Wissenschaft angeführt. Ebenso werden seine organisatorischen Fähigkeiten hevorgehoben, sowie herausragende Ämter, die er versah. Wenn man alle seine wissenschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Referenzen berücksichtig, sowie die Tatsache, dass er zum Professor für die Fächer Geschichte der jugoslawischen Völker in der türkischen Herrschaft und die Einführung in die historische Methodologie, kann man verstehen, warum er engagiert wurde, für den zweiten Band der Geschichte der Völker Jugoslawiens zu schreiben. Diese Studie umfasst den Zeitraum vom XVI bis Ende des XVIII Jahrhunderts. Als Mitglied der redaktionellen Kommission und Mitgleid des engeren Redaktionsstabs, sowie als Autor oder Mitautor der elf von fünfzig Kapiteln dieses Buchs, leistete er in diesem Projekt einen unermeßlichen Beitrag. Konkrete Informationen zu den Titeln und Untertiteln der Arbeiten Branislav Đurđevs werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit angeführt. Der große Beitrag von Professor Đurđev besteht auch darin, die bekanntesten damaligen Osmanisten aus Bosnien-Herzegowina dabei engagiert zu haben. Sie haben in einzelnen Kapiteln die breitere wissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeit an mehreren Stellen zum ersten Mal auf die Stellung und Bedeutung aufmerksam gemacht, welche Bosnien-Herzegowina bzw. das Bosnische Elajet im europäischen Teil des Osmanischen Reiches hatte. Ein besonderer Beitrag in diesem Buch, wie auch in seinem ganzen wissenschaftlichen Opus, waren seine Erörterungen über sie Serbisch-Orthodoxe Kirche in der osmanischen Periode. Zum ersten Mal wurde nun von Đurđev auf die Stereotype, und nicht zuletzt mythologische Darstellung dieser Religionsinstitution, nicht nur im serbischen Volk, sondern auch im osmanischen Staat, hingewiesen. Zahlreiche Beispiele anführend, bestritt er zahlreiche Vorurteile, die die damalige jugoslawische Geschichtsschreibung beherrschten. Faktographisch präzise, klar und kompromisslos wies er auf die Schädlichkeit dieser Einstellung hin. Deswegen hatte er zahlreiche Opponenten. Mehr darüber in der vorliegenden Arbeit. Obwohl einige Kollegen manche Thesen von Professor Đurđev zu einzelnen Fragen bestritten, ermöglichte seine Abhandlung über die Geschichte der Serbisch-Orthodoxen Kirche, dass die Arbeit an der Geschichte der Völker Jugoslawiens II zu Ende geführt und als Buch veröffentlicht wird, was einen großen Beitrag zur ex-jugoslawischen Osmanistik, in der der Name des Akademiemitglieds Branislav Đurđev unumgänglich ist, darstellt.

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Dezvoltarea curentului isihast prin lucrarea misionară pan-ortodoxă din secolul al XVIII-lea. Sfântului Nicodim Aghioritul, continuator al lucrării misionare inițiate de Sfântul Paisie Velicicovschi
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Dezvoltarea curentului isihast prin lucrarea misionară pan-ortodoxă din secolul al XVIII-lea. Sfântului Nicodim Aghioritul, continuator al lucrării misionare inițiate de Sfântul Paisie Velicicovschi

Author(s): Vasile-Lucian Goldan / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nicholas, the future monk Nicodemus, arrives in the Holy Mount Athos at the moment of the public conviction of “alms”. A situation not exactly favorable for prayer and meditation, given the fact that at that time more and more monks were leaving Athos due to the dispute of the "alms". Despite all these shortcomings, Saint Nicodemus is the one who, together with Saint Metropolitan Macarius of Corinth, manages to start a cultural-religious project, focused on the rediscovery of Orthodox church spirituality, on the spiritual and national rebirth of the Greeks. His work was recognized and appreciated during his life, in Athos, in the pan-Orthodox and in the Western space, but he was also valued by the entire Greek people after the 1921 revolution, being the basis of national and spiritual emancipation of the Greeks.

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Българското участие във францисканските мисии в Югоизточна Европа през XVII в.: Павел от Петокладенци

Българското участие във францисканските мисии в Югоизточна Европа през XVII в.: Павел от Петокладенци

Author(s): Elmira Vasileva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Bulgarian Catholics’ history should not be studied independently but in connection with the general Roman Church’s Balkan policy in the Ottoman period. The Bulgarian Catholics and their Franciscan priest were in contact with other Catholic groups living under the Ottomans, as well as outside the Empire. They are part of a sort of religious network that goes beyond political and geographical borders. Bulgarian Franciscans participated in Roman Church’s missions in the 17th century, being sometimes appointed to important positions. They are educated in the Catholic colleges in Italy and, being fluent in Italian and Latin, are familiar with the European intellectual trends and political concepts of their time. Actually, they are the main bearers of modern ideas among the Bulgarians.

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Războiul ca o călătorie

Războiul ca o călătorie

Author(s): Valeriu Leu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Anul 1716, când Eugeniu de Savoya cucerește Timișoara de la turci, inaugurează în istoria Banatului etapa imperială. Acum provincia va dobândi, din multe puncte de vedere, o fizionomie central-europeană. Desigur, este vorba în acest caz nu de un eveniment sau de o conjunctură, ci de un fenomen care ține de duratele lungi ale istoriei, o amplă mișcare în care s-au cuprins fluxuri și refluxuri, dar al cărei sens rămâne totuși unic.

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Coloana infinită

Coloana infinită

Author(s): Ivar Ivask / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Înainte de toate, daca ne este permisă o generalizare într-un cadru atît de complex cum este cel reprezentat de literaturile Europei Răsăritene, găsesc că trei oameni, trei personalități ar fi mai în măsură decît mine să întreprindă o încercare atît de dificilă. Toți trei sînt binecunoscuți cercetători la unele dintre cele mai mari universități americane și au contribuit din plin și temeinic în a face mai accesibile în Occident literaturile din Estul Europei. Toți trei sînt poligloți și toți trei au o aceeași predispoziție pentru comparație, mediere, integrare: René Wellek, de la Universitatea din Yale, una din figurile centrale ale „literaturii comparate” și, nu mai puțin, un cercetător care a continuat să se ocupe de literatura lui de baștină, literatura cehă; Mircea Eliade, de la Universitatea din Chicago, unul dintre cercetătorii de vază în domeniul „religiei comparate” și, nu mai puțin, scriitor însemnat în limba română; și al treilea, Czeslaw Milosz, de la Universitatea din Berkeley, critic, istoric și traducător din poezia poloneză și probabil cel mai mare poet polonez în viață și, nu mai puțin, un remarcabil scriitor și eseist. Cu toate acestea, temerara încercare nu le-a revenit lor, ci mie-. Ce anume înțeleg prin termenii de „Europă Răsăriteană” și „literatură a Europei Răsăritene”? Este vorba în primul rînd de o paranteză vagă și plurilingvă oscilînd între mai definibila Germanie, la vest, și Rusia, la est. Dar în vreme ce literaturile rusă și germană au fost studiate cu dragoste și aclamate chiar pentru figurile de mîna a doua și a treia, numai patru premii Nobel, dintr-un total de șaptezeci și patru atribuite în acest secol, au fost considerate o recunoaștere suficientă pentru a pune în evidență roadele literare ale acestei „paranteze” est-europene, cu un Nobel mai mult decît mica Danemarcă. Și totuși, Europa Răsăriteană cuprinde unsprezece țări cu o suprafață de 748000 de mile pătrate, locuite de circa 114 milioane de locuitori, care vorbesc cincisprezece limbi diferite.

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Българската фолклористика и етнография – формиране и развитие

Българската фолклористика и етнография – формиране и развитие

Author(s): Maria Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The period, which is under review, is marked by two main trends: the publication of folklore and ethnographic materials, on one hand, and theoretical justification, on the other hand. A series of publications until the end of the 19th century laid the foundations of Bulgarian ethnology. At the same time, Rakovski’s “Indicator” and Ivan Shishmanov’s paper provide a scientific justification for the need to collect, record and store ethnographic materials. The article examines the works on Bulgarian folklore of Yuriy Venelin, Ivan Bogorov, Zahariy Knyazheski, Petko Slaveykov, Dimitar Miladinov and Konstantin Miladinov, Lyuben Karavelov, Kuzman Shapkarev, Dimitar Marinov, etc. It should be noted that a large number of collectors of folklore materials do not have a university education. However, by the end of the 19th century, the foundations of the sciences of ethnology and folkloristics were formed in Bulgaria.

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Сведения за археологически паметници в района на Сливен по пътеписи и описания от XVII до средата на XIX век

Сведения за археологически паметници в района на Сливен по пътеписи и описания от XVII до средата на XIX век

Author(s): Georgi Kovachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the reports for the archaeological monuments on the territory of the city of Sliven and her vicinity, left in the travelogues and descriptions by Evliya Çelebi, S. Sayger, Dr. С. F. Pоyet, August Jochmus and Georgi Rakovski, from the 17th – to the middle of the 19th century. Evliya Celebi, Sayger, Dr. Pоyet and Rakovski mention the remains of the Early Byzantine and Medieval fortress of Hisarlka, north of the city. Johmus describes the remains of one ancient road in the mountain north of Sliven, and Rakovski notes some other fortifications in the area near the city.

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Педагогическата дейност на Добри Чинтулов в Сливен

Педагогическата дейност на Добри Чинтулов в Сливен

Author(s): Viktoria Mihneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines Dobri Chintulov’s pedagogical activity during his teaching in Sliven. It traces the period from 1850 to 1875 when the poet lived and worked in the city. It shows the changes that occur at the school and the education of the students under the guidance of Chintulov.

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Шуменци, възпитаници на италиански учебни заведения (края на XIX – началото на XX век)

Шуменци, възпитаници на италиански учебни заведения (края на XIX – началото на XX век)

Author(s): Rositsa Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The historical narrative presents the youth of Shumen who received education in Italian educational institutions at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. They studied in today's cities of Turin, Milan, Pisa, Pinerolo and Naples. In the period from 1879 to 1912, ten young people born in Shumen studied in Italian educational institutions. Among them are the girls Penka Preslavska and Manya Dimitrova. A significant part of the Shumen graduates are realized in various spheres of activity - veterinarians, generals, professors in higher schools, artists, actors, and teachers. Graduated or not, they return to their homeland having mastered European languages and the achievements of Western European civilization. This large number, as well as the specialities chosen by them, are a vivid testimony to the aspiration of the Shumen youth to obtain higher education and to make efforts for the modernization of the Third Bulgarian State and their native Shumen.

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