Fenomen "Krstjani" u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni i Humu

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Bulgarian,Croatian,Italian

With contributions by Mladen Ančić, Lujo Margetić, Иван Божилов, Milko Brković, Salih Jalimam, Dubravko Lovrenović, Ivica Puljić, Tomo Vukšić, Tomislav Zdenko Tenšek, Zlatko Matijević, Ante Škegro, Jadranka Neralić, Ante Birin, Nenad Moačanin, Elma Hašimbegović, Franjo Šanjek, Andrija Šuljak, Marco Rainini, Slavko Slišković, Andrija Zirdum, Anica Nazor, Marko Josipović, Mato Zovkić, Alojz Jembrih, Zdravka Jelaska Marijan, Margareta Matijević.

The Early Years of the Bulgarian Athonite Monastery of Zographou (980-1279) and its Byzantine Archive. Critical Edition of the Greek and Slavic Documents

Author(s): Cyril Pavlikyanov / Language(s): English

The monograph analyzes the basic thematic entities, the demographic and financial data, as well as the topography of the estates described in 12 genuine (dated from 980 to 1279) and 2 falsified (presumably dating from 1049 and 1142 but actually composed in about 1583—1586 and after 1267) acts, which are presently kept in the archive of the Bulgarian Athonite monastery of Zographou. An attempt is made at illustrating most of the affairs discussed in Zographou archival charters with maps adequate in precision to the data provided by the documents. The philological and historical analysis of the acts is supported by a new, critical edition of the original texts, which is based on photographs available in the Central State Archive of Bulgaria.

The Lettered Knight. Knowledge and Aristocratic Behaviour in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

Author(s): Martin Aurell / Language(s): English

An encounter between a warring knight and the world of learning could seem a paradox. It is nonetheless related with the Twelfth-Century Renaissance, an essential intellectual movement for western history. Knights not only fought in battles, but also moved in sophisticated courts. Knights were interested in Latin classics and reading, and writing poetry. Supportive of “jongleurs” and minstrels, they enjoyed literary conversations with clerics who would attempt to reform their behaviour, which was often brutal. These lettered warriors, while improving their culture, learned to repress their own violence and were initiated to courtesy: selective language, measured gestures, elegance in dress, and manners at the table. Their association with women, who were often learned, became more gallant. A revolution of thought occurred among lay elites who, in contact with clergy, began to use their weapons for common welfare. This new conduct was a tangible sign of Medievalist society's leap forward towards modernity. This monograph contains a great deal of detailed information about the attitudes towards learning and written culture among members of the nobility in different parts of Europe in the Middle Ages.

Chronológia starších slovenských dejín

Author(s): Ján Lukačka,Vladimír Turčan,Viliam Čičaj,Mária Kohútová / Language(s): Slovak

The chronology of ancient history of Slovakia is summarizing the basic historical data concerning the history of Slovakia from the Prehistorich Ages to the first half of the 19th century. It was, of course, not possible to pay attention to every single event, that took place in the above mentioned period; the intention of the editors of the presented chronology was to highlight such events that are either significant for the discussed period or created the start of a new development. To prepare a satisfactory chronology of prehistory is a very hard task, since especially in the period of Paleolith, it is almost impossible to settle the exact date of particular events. Dating the single historical events exactly is more easily by approaching the turn of the era. It concerns especially the Roman Ages, a period we can rely on first writen documents describing the events on the territory of Slovakia. The Migration Period which occurred within the period of roughly AD 300-600 was a new chapter in the history of human, that markedly changed the ethnical map of Europe. This was the time when our Slavic ancestors settled the Danube area. In the past Slovakia created an integral part of big multiethnical empires (Great Moravian Empire, Kingdom of Hungary). This was the reason we took a broad historical context into our considerations, although the chronology is primarily focused on events connected with the historical area of today's Slovakia. Thanks to the growing number of writen documents available, the sequence of historical events taking place in the Midle Ages and the early Modern Period is more dynamic and “colorful” Similar to other chronologies of this type, our publication has not the ambition to neither bring an broad explanation of singular issues nor to explain them. Our goal was to provide a gene¬ral information concerning historical personalities or events. The possibility of selecting historical data and their representativity was limited by the number of collected editions, collections of documents, monographs and papers dealing with Slovak history. It should be underlined, that some historical periods and issues still wait for a critical evaluation. Thus, there is no doubt that more detailed and deep-going historical chronologies will be elaborated in the future, since we optimistically assume that the efforts designed to collect and elaborate new data concerning the history of Slovakia will become more effective and easier thanks to the new informational technologies.

Kapitula pri Dóme sv. Martina - intelektuálne centrum Bratislavy v 15. storočí

Author(s): Miriam Hlavačková / Language(s): Slovak

Eine der besten Charakteristiken des mittelalterlichen Kapitels ist die prägnante Formulation von Peter Moraw Statt der Begegnung von Kirche und Welt. Seine treff ende Äußerung gilt völlig ebenso für das Pressburger Kapitel. Das Pressburger Kapitel bei Pressburger St. Martin´s Dom war ein der wichtigsten Kirchen- und Bildungszentren im mittelalterlichen ungarischen Königreich. Zum Kapitel gehörte eine dem Kanoniker-Scholastiker unterstehende Schule und eine eigene Bibliothek. Die Mitglieder des Kapitels – Pröbste und Kanoniker, spielten hervorragende Rolle bei der Verwaltung des Königreichs. Ihre Erfahrungen und Fachkenntnisse erwarben sie dank ihrer Universitätsbildung und Kanzleipraxis in erzbischöfl ichen bzw. päpstlichen Diensten. Sie fungierten nicht nur als Vermittlungspersonen bei Eheschließungen oder Friedensverhandlungen, sondern sich auch als Hofärtzte um die Gesundheit und Verpfl egung des Herrschers kümmerten. Der König belohnte seine gebildeten Diener oft mit einem Kirchenamt oder Benefi zium. Die persönliche Besetzung des Kapitels sowie auch dessen Prosperität hing hauptsächlich von dem über das Patronatrecht verfügenden Herrscher ab. Wenn sich in den Regierungsjahren Sigismunds von Luxemburg im Pressburger Kapitel eher die für den persönlichen Bedarf beim Herrscher zuständigen Dienstleute (Geheimkanzler und Diplomat Johann von Aussig an der Elbe, Reichsvizekanzler Johann von Gran, Schreiber Michael von Mailberg, Ärtzte Siegfrid Degenberg, Johann Halbhauer von Hammelburg u. a.) konzentrierten, während der Existenz der Universität Istropolitana waren es die Absolventen der „höheren“ Fakultäten (Theologie und kanonisches Recht), welche an der Universität Istropolitana ihre Kenntnise in der Praxis anbringen konnten. Ein der wichtigen Gründe für die Präsenz der böhmischen Geistlichen im ungarischen Königreich in der ersten Hälfte des XV. Jh. waren die hussitischen Wirren in ihrem Heimatland. In den Diensten von Sigismund fanden sie im Pressburger Kapitel ein sicheres Zufl uchtsort. Ihre Wirkung, dank deren im Kapitel neue Einfl üße vor allem der devotio moderna auftauchten, wird sicher auch in der Zukunft zum Gegenstand weiterer zu der vorliegenden Arbeit ergänzenden Forschungen. Anfänglich war das auf dem Pressburger Burghügel residierende Kapitel eine zum liturgischen Dienst und Diözeseverwaltung berufene Priesterversammlung. Als das Kapitel im XIII. Jh. in die Stadt zum St. Martins Dom umsiedelte, wurde es zum bedeutenden intellektuellen und kulturellen Zentrum. Selbstverständlich war das Kapitel an der Entstehung und Wirkung der damals einzigen Universität im ungarischen Königreich beteiligt. Auch wenn sich die Bezeichnung Academia Istropolitana während der Zeit ihres wahrscheinlichen Bestehens 1465 – 1489 in den zeitgenössischen Quellen nicht fi ndet (man begegnet dem Namen erst seit den 40-er Jahren des XVI. Jh.), ist die Benennung Academia Istropolitana in der Literatur üblich geworden. Zum Unterschied von der Universität waren die Akademien des 15. Jh. lockere, eher private Institutionen ohne Uni versitätsrechte und Privilegien. Aus diesen Gründen bevorzugen wir in der vorliegenden Arbeit den Begriff Universität Istropolitana. Mit der Organisierung der Universität wurde außerdem humanistisch orientierten Kanzler, dem Graner Erzbischof Johann Vitez, auch der Vizekanzler der Universität und Probst des Pressburger Kapitels Georg Peltel aus Schönberg († 1486) beauftragt. Die überlieferten Dokumente bezeugen von seinem aktiven und tatkräftigen Leben: nach dem Bakkalaureus-Abschluß an der Fakultät der Freien Künste der Wiener Universität war er als Kanzler und Rat am Hof des Königs Ladislaus Posthumus und des Kaisers Friedrich III. tätig. Seit den 70-er Jahren des XV. Jh. vertrat er die Interesse des Königs Matthias Corvinus, er nahm an zahlreichen diplomatischen Missionen teil. Unter anderem machte er sich um die Versöhnung von König Matthias mit Kaiser Friedrich III. verdient, ebenso beteiligte sich 1463 an der erfolgreichen Rückgabe der Heiligen Stephanskrone nach Ungarn. Während seines römischen Aufenthaltes (wo er wahrscheinlich das kanonische Recht studierte), wurde er zum apostolischen Protonotarius ernannt. Die Blüte der humanistischen Lehre in der Kurie, seine Erfahrungen auf den Höfen in Wien und Ofen – alles das hat in Schönberg Spuren hinterlassen und sicher ihn auch bei der Konstituierung der Universität Istropolitana in Pressburg beeinfl ußt. Nach der Meinung der ungarischen Historikerin A. Ritoók-Szalay konnte das Plan der Gründung der Universität bereits beim Treff en von Kardinal Bessarion mit Erzbischof Johann Vitez in Wien 1460 – 1461 erarbeitet werden. Ein der Hauptziele dabei war die Hoff nung zur baldigen Wiedervereinigung der griechisch-orthodoxen und römischkatholischen Kirche. Trotz diesen großgelegten Pläne war die Realität viel prosaischer – die Universität Istropolitana gehörte eher zu den regionalen Universitäten. Sehr wahrscheinlich dienten die in der Kapitelbibliothek erhaltenen Statute der Bologner Universität aus dem 14. Jh. als Vorlage für die Verfassung der Istropolitana-Statuten, genauso wie es auch in Prag der Fall war. Aus dem Verglech mit anderen europäischen Universitäten in der Umgebung sowie auch aus der Analogie bei der Personalbelohnung mittels Benefi zien kommt vor, daß in dem Fall von Pressburger Universität eher als um das strikte Kopieren des Bologneser Musters mehr um ein gemischtes Verwaltungsmodell ging. Die Richtung der Universität wurde vom Anfang an durch ihre humanistisch orientierten Professoren bestimmt. Mehrere Vortragenden an der Fakultät der Freien Künste – Martin Bylica aus Olkusz, Regiomontanus, Johann Reibel aus Kupferberg und Johann aus Krakau (warscheinlich Johann Glogowita aus Krakau) trugen dank der Unterstü- tzung seitens des Graner Erzbishofs in den ersten fünf Jahren der Existenz der Universität wesentlich zur Entwicklung der astronomischen Studien bei. In den bei der Gelegentheit des 500. Jahresfeiers entstandenen Studien hat man auf einer Seite die Bedeutung der Juristischen Fakultät überschätzt (u. a. hatte man den Unterricht des kanonischen sowie auch römischen Rechtes vorausgesetzt), auf der anderen Seite wurde gerade die Existenz dieser Fakultät in Zweifel gesetzt. Die Juristische Fakultät war ein legitimes Bestandteil der entstehenden Universität. Auf ihre Existenz deuten mehrere Hinweise: in der Zeit wurden die Universitäten üblicherweise mit allen 4 Fakul täten gegründet; auch die 18 Bänder der juristischen Traktate (d. h. Standardwerke zum Unterrircht des kanonischen Rechtes) sind zu erwähnen. Diese Werke gehörten zum Bestand der Bibliothek von Gotsleichnams-Bruderschaft (nach dem aus dem Jahre 1501 erhaltenen Inventar), welche zuvor von der Universität Istropolitana benützt wurde. Es ist schließlich möglich, daß sich um ursprünglich private Bibliothek des Probst Georg aus Schönberg handelt. Wir haben ihn nämlich als Besitzer von zwei derzeitig in der Salzburger Universitätsbibliothek bewahrten Erstdrucken aus der Gotsleichnams-Bruderschaft Bibliothek identifi ziert. Als Professore der Juristischen Fakultät sind auch mehrere Rechtsgelehrten – Bakkalaureus des kanonischen Rechtes Andreas aus der Raaber Diözese, Magister Valentinus aus Veresmart in Graner Diözese, Erzdiakon Paulus aus Wieselburg (ung. Moson) und Magister Franz Ethe, Pfarrer aus ungarischem Kéthely – der „nunc in universitate Posoniensis constitutis“ zu bezeichnen. Das Studium der Jurisprudenz in Pressburg erfolgte warscheinlich, ähnlich wie in Prag, unter der Aufsicht des Kapitels, der kirchlichen Verwaltung und erzbishöfl ichen Gerichtswesens. Diese vielversprechende Entwicklung der Universität wurde aber durch die Politik vereitelt. Nach der Entdeckung der Verschwörung gegen Matthias Corvinus 1471 fi el der Kanzler Vitez in die Ungnade und ein Jahr danach er verstarb. Er war nämlich mit der auf die Eroberung von Böhmen konzentrierte und die türkische Gefahr venachlässigende Politik des Königs nicht einverstanden. Die Universität wurde in der Folge von den zu seinem Umkreis gehörenden Professoren (M. Galeotto, J. Gattus, Regiomontanus und M. Bylica) verlassen. Die Universität Istropolitana geriet allmählich unter den Einfl uss der eher trazionalistich als humanistisch orientierten Wiener Universität. Die Universitätsverwaltung überging nach 1472 an den Vizekanzler Georg aus Schönberg. Der Vizekanzler versuchte, aus den üblichen 14 kirchlichen Prebenden eine bestimmte Anzahl für die Bezahlung der Professoren zu sichern. Eine Parallele zur Verbindung des Kapitels mit der Universität, welche direkt die Istropolitana-Gründung beeinfl ußte, fi ndet sich am Beispiel der benachbarten Wiener Universität. Das Kapitel wurde zu einer Universitätsstift, wobei jedoch die Kapitel-Kanonikate nicht komplett für die Universitätsprofessoren vorbehalten waren, wie es in Prag oder in Heidelberg der Fall war. Die Professoren der Universität und zugleich die Kanoniker des Pressburger Kapitels wurden Landsleute des Vizekanzlers vorwiegend aus Niederösterreich, Absolventen der Teologischen und Juristischen Fakultät der Wiener Universität. Dabei sind der Lizenziat der Theologie und großer Kenner der griechischen Sprache Nicolaus Schricker von Hüttendorf, Lizenziat der Theologie Nicolaus Popp von Hüttendorf, Lizenziat der Theologie Georg Greiff enstein aus Krems, Bakkalaureus der Theologie Sigismund Obrecht aus dem niederösterreichischen Lengenfeld, Magister Wolfgangus Prechtel aus Hausleiten, Doktor des kanonischen Rechtes Erasmus von Regensburg, Bakkalaureus der Theologie und des kanonischen Rechtes Johannes Rauch aus der Regensburger Diözese u. a. Die Beispiele anderer Universitäten belehren, daß die Kirche in der Regel nicht die einzige bei der Beschaff ung von Geldmitteln und Belohnung der Professoren mitbezahlende Institution war. Einen enscheidenden Anteil bei solcher Finanzierung kam der königlichen Familie zu. Im Falle der Pressburger Universität war dies jedoch nicht der Fall. Trotz der Tatsache, daß sie zur Prestige- und Repräsentativsanstalt des ungarischen Königreichs gegenüber die Nachbarländern werden sollte, zog der König eher seine politischen Anliegen der Universität vor und hat die sie fi nanziell nicht unterstützt. So können wir uns aufgrund der fragmentarisch erhaltenen Zeugnisse über die Universität Istropolitana auch eine legitime Frage stellen: Wurde die Istropolitana nach dem Abschied der Professoren des Vitéz-Umkreises und Übergang unter die Verwaltung von Georg aus Schönberg nicht eher zu einer „Zweigstelle“ der Wiener Universität? Trotz intensiver Beteiligung der Kapitel-Mitglieder an den pädagogischen Aktivitäten oder in den königlichen Diensten bestand ihr Hauptbetätigungsfeld in ihren sakralen Aufgaben: Pastorale Fürsorge, Gottesdienste und Totenmessen, Prozessionen usw. Einige mit den königlichen Diensten beschäftigten Pröbste und Kanoniker hielten ihre Residenz außer des Kapitelsitzes, was sie durch die päpstlichen Dispense und Einsetzung der Vertreter (Vikare) wiedergutmachten. Zum Unterschied von ihnen, hielten sich die als Pfarrer, Dekan, Scholastiker oder Kustos wirkenden Kapitelmitglieder im Kapitelsitz, sie waren bei den Testamentabfassungen oder als Rechtsexperte in den städtischen Diensten tätig. Außer ihnen waren im St. Martinsdom zahlreiche Altaristen, Priester, Sängerchor – alle diese Personen ergänzten die zum Dom gehörende geistliche Gesellschaft. Die Bibliothek des Pressburger Kapitels stellt heutzutage den preisvollsten Handschriftenbestand auf dem Gebiet der Slowakei dar. Um die Rolle des Kapitels und seinen Beitrag zur Kultur- und Bildungsgeschichte in unserer Region ausgeglichen bewerten zu können, sind weitere Forschungen notwendig. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist, die Umstände und Identifi zierung der verlorengegangenen Kodexe in den slowakischen sowie ausländischen Archiven weiter zu erforschen. In diesem Zusammenhang haben wir festgestellt, daß eine Handschrift aus der Pressburger Kapitelsbibliothek mit kanonisch-rechtlichen Texten aus dem XIV. – XV. Jh. sich derzeitig in der Harvard University Library (USA) befi ndet, wo sie aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach in der Zwischenkriegszeit geriet. Bei der Verfolgung der Schicksale der Pressburger Kapitelmitglieder wird uns nicht überraschen, daß ihr Hauptziel in der ersten Reihe die kirchliche Karriere war – sie garantierte nämlich sicheren gesellschaftlichen Aufstieg und gleichzeitig auch kanonische und bischöfl iche Prebenden. Mehrere von ihnen nützten dann ihre internationalen Erfahrungen und Kenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Slowakei aus.

Hermetica średniowiecza i renesansu. Studium z historii myśli europejskiej

Author(s): Agata Sowińska / Language(s): Polish

The work is devoted to the reception of hermetic literature in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance in the works of Polish writers and it supplements the knowledge which was heretofore acquired in the field of the history of hermetic literature. The work focuses on two primary texts: a collection of dialogues entitled “Corpus Hermeticum” (in Marsilio Ficino’s Latin translation) and on a Latin treatise entitled “Asclepius”. The purpose of the work is to present a content-related and comparative analysis of works which contain quotations drawn from the aforementioned hermetic texts which are featured in: Bernard z Lublina (the so-called Philosophical Anthology), Jan z Trzciany (“De natura ac dignitate hominis”) and Jakub Górski (“Ad Magnificum Dominvm Stanislavm Miskovski Castellanvm Sendomiriensem et Capitanevm Cracoviensem Iacobi Gorscij Mercvrius sive de Trinitate contra Gregorium Bresinensem”), i.e. the figures who were mentioned only by Jan Czerkawski – a researcher of hermetism. The basis of the work is constituted by a manuscript of Bernard z Lublina which contains Latin excerpts from two most important hermetic texts: “Asclepius” and “Corpus Hermeticum”. The division is consistent with the division of the texts in the anthology of Bernard z Lublina: the first part comprises a content-based and comparative analysis of the excerpts from the treatise entitled “Asclepius”, the second part is devoted to the fourteen dialogues from the collection entitled “Corpus Hermeticum”. The study of the content of the anthology with reference to a comparison with the texts of other authors is supposed to bring about the separation of a tertium comparationis – a possible common strand of thought which reveals itself from an analysis and a comparison of the particular works. The analysis is supplemented by appendices which are devoted to works which heretofore have not received treatment: the works of Bernard z Lublina (in the form of tables which present the Latin, Greek and Coptic equivalent of the excerpts) and the works of Górski (in the form of an edition of the text).

The Bulgarian State in 927–969. The Epoch of Tsar Peter I

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Tsar Peter (927-969), the book’s protagonist, is all too frequently presented in modern scholarship as a weak ruler, devoid of any grander political aspirations, focused on religious matters, indeed – pious, but neglecting the vital interests of his subjects. It was said that during his reign both his court and state became Byzantinised, that the central authority was completely helpless in the face of Hungarian raids, and saw the spread of the Bogomilist heresy. According to the Tsar’s critics, it was as a result of his ineffectual rule that Boris II, his son and successor, was unable to defend Bulgaria’s sovereignty in 971.This book – the first monograph in world literature devoted to Peter - was written by Bulgarian (Miliana Kaymakamova, Georgi N. Nikolov, Angel Nikolov, Nikolay Hrissimov) and Polish medievalists (Miroslaw J. Leszka, Kirił Marinow, Zofia A. Brzozowska Jan M. Wolski). Thanks to a thorough analysis of the sources and an in-depth knowledge of the literature of the subject, they constructed a comprehensive and balanced image of the reign of their protagonist, and of the role he played in the history of mediaeval Bulgaria.

Текстологически проблеми в Пространното житие на Константин-Кирил Философ (= Кирило-Методиевски студии. Кн. 22. Кирило-Методиевски извори. Т. 1)

Author(s): Maya Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

Vita Constantini (VC) is the first hagiographic work written in Slavonic language. It is viewed as an anonymous work of early origin and unlike the prior practice is not attributed to Clement of Ohrid. Although there is no textual tradition between the presumed time of its creation – the last quarter of the 9th с. – and the first surviving full Cyrillic copy – first half of the 15th с. – the scientific interest in the work is still growing since it presents the holistic picture of the life of the Slavonic apostle and his deeds. Up to now the research efforts have been focused on deciphering the hagiographic code and verifying the historic reliability. The recent development of the Slavonic studies shows that without systemizing the manuscripts and without exploring the manuscript tradition and without a critical edition of the text of VC, the efforts in this direction will remain incomplete. The present study systemizes and corrects the scientific experience on VC accumulated throughout the years. The topic of the textological problems in VC is positioned chronologically. It covers the period from 1 843 to the first decade of the 21 st с. This is how a rather comprehensive review of the history of the problems of VC is being shaped, including the discovery and the introduction of the text into Slavic studies, textological studies and editorial principles of the last three hundred years. Another important issue tackled in the present study is the systemized list of full Cyrillic copies of VC. It offers the details of the extant copies in a brief and uniform way. The focus is on detailed specifications which are crucial today when the knowledge of the manuscript tradition of VC must have fundaments as solid as possible. The List of the copies comprises some contributions related to information about some copies that have been neglected so far. Special attention is paid to the later research copies made by scholars from the 19th c: only 4 copies were known to the researchers, but it turned out that their number was much higher. This enriched the list with 20 witnesses, the antigraph of 18 of which has been identified. The List of the full Cyrillic copies can now be used by researchers without any hesitations for the years to come. Based on this the very textological study of VC starts, stepping on the traditional grouping in its two main branches: Russian (groups A, В, С and the later identified H and F) and South Slavonic (groups D and E). The work with the copies enabled me to look for their place in the traditional grouping or outside. This is how a new Russian group was formed, K, represented by a 16th с. copy. I haven't tried to change the group names because the attempts to label the tradition in an entirely new way in my opinion does not contribute to the clarity and breaks the connection to the previous textological studies. The initially adopted approach to the material was macrogeneric and paratextual and based on four main criteria: 1. Types of codices comprising VC; 2. Date to which VC is related in the different menologia; 3. Convoying texts, i.e. the different complexes of Cyrillo-Methodian texts surrounding VC; 4. Types of headings in the different copies. It has been established that the themes, the arrangement of the lectures and the physical characteristics of the codices help to establish the origin and the route of the copies they comprise. The independent positioning of CV or its combination with the Eulogy to Cyril, Eulogy to Cyril and Methodius or other works mark different stages in the development of the textual tradition. The interrelation between the heading (paratext) and the text of the vita turned out to be of special importance. Since the heading was the most mobile and changeable part of the medieval texts no global conclusions could be drawn based on the headings alone. But even the subtlest movement in the headings of VC is a clear sign that the text of the vita shows some particularities. Every omission, addition, reordering are signs that the text of the vita should be read carefully, and this was proven by the further textological analysis. The analysis follows the order of the groups and each of them was treated per se. The guiding principle is to focus on the previously underexplored fields. Еg. groups A and В have been presented comparatively. The compositions of the October and February menologies have been studied as well as the omissions, scribal errors and the vocabulary. The February copies of the Russian branch of the tradition present the full text of VC. Compared to them the text in all copies of Russian group A seems corrupted and incomplete starting from chapter 14. Special attention is paid to the monastery copying tradition of VC in the Solovetsky Monastery. The comparison of the four full Cyrillic copies revealed that they stem from a single text which has undergone various changes between 15th and 17th cc. The four extant incomplete Solovetsky copies on the other hand – two fragments and two compilations – showed that from a certain moment on the scribes in the monastery library did have access to manuscripts from group C. Special attention has been paid to the place of VC in the Russian collections, or group C. It became clear that not all copies contained in the codices defined as collections belonged to a single text group. Some of them are autonomous or judging by typology criteria have been assigned to other stable groups – for instance groups H and F. For a long time, group С remained the most complicated and unexplored due to two main reasons: it contains copies from the first half of the 15th с. to the 18th c., which are not homogeneous and are thus hard to reduce to a common denominator while at the same time some of them were practically underexplored. For many years the group was represented only by three copies published by O. Bodyansky, which were perceived emblematic for the whole group. What they have in common is that they feature innovative readings and these characteristics have been assigned to the whole group. After the 1970s three new copies have been introduced, which have been included in the textological analyses only recently. It became clear that tradition С has been developing much more intensively than the menaion and therefore it offers numerous variants of different layers. The material was rationalized through an internal regrouping and separation of sub-groups. After specifying the quantity of copies belonging to group С their textological study was undertaken, including: description and analysis of internal rubrics, used as a typology marker; selected variant readings which are compared with the rest of the manuscript tradition; vocabulary – in its representation the same model and the same complex of selected lexemes as with group A and В were used. The South Slavonic branch of the tradition was paid relatively less attention by briefly presenting the characteristics of the copies through the conclusions made in the previous studies. The variant readings and the vocabulary have been compared with the rest of the tradition: the full concurrences and the connections with the readings in the Russian groups are registered and the conclusions are drawn therefrom. The present book, which has been written as a study of the textological tradition of VC, offers scholars a sufficiently secure basis for the next textological task: the identification of the genealogical relations between the groups. In a certain sense it maps out the problems around the Cyrillic fragments of VC characteristic of the Russian literature. They reveal particularities different from the tradition of the full Cyrillic copies that could also form a future monograph.

Kulturno – historijski spomenici Banije s pregledom povijesti Banije od prapovijesti do 1881.

Author(s): Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian

Područje Banije određeno je rijekama Savom, Unom i Kupom na sjeveru, istoku i jugu te granicom prema Bosni i Hercegovini na jugozapadu, dok je zapadna granica prema Kordunu sve do današnjih dana neodređena. Baniju na sjeveru rijeka Kupa dijeli od Pokuplja, na istoku je rijeka Sava dijeli od Posavine, a na jugu rijeka Una od Bosanske krajine. Granica Banije prema Kordunu mijenjala se tijekom stoljeća. Na jednoj karti iz 1806. godine granica Banije i Korduna bila je označena kao granica slunjske i glinske regimente, a ta je međa išla od Banske Selnice na rijeci Kupi, zapadno od Sjeničaka i Slavskog Polja, preko vrha Petrove gore do granice s Osmanlijskim Carstvom. Ista međa je ucrtana i na geološkoj karti I. banske regimente. Prema takvoj podjeli, koju i neki političari i znanstvenici smatraju i danas pravilnom, i područje nekadašanje općine Vrginmost, a danas općina Lasinja, Gvozd i Topusko, pripadalo bi području Banije. Osim toga, i istočni dio današnjeg područja grada Karlovca (Sjeničak) smatrao bi se Banijom. Ipak, prema podjelama koje su ustaljene nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, a prema kojima kotar Vrginmost pripada karlovačkom području, Kordun je proširio svoje granice na račun Banije sve do desetak kilometara zapadno od Gline, pa je banijskom kraju preostalo područje današnje Gline, Petrinje, Dvora, Sunje, Kostajnice, Dubice, Kukuruzara, Majura, južnog dijela gradskog područja Siska (Komarevo) i zapadnog dijela općine Jasenovac (sela Uštica, Višnjica i Tanac koja se nalaze između Une i Save u takozvanom "Trokutu").

Kulturno – historijski spomenici zapadne Slavonije s pregledom povijesti zapadne Slavonije od prapovijesti do 20. stoljeća

Author(s): Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian

Nakon pisanja o kulurno-historijskim spomenicima Korduna i Banije odlučio sam se za rad na obimnijoj temi, koja obuhvaća znatno veće područje. Knjiga koja je pred vama govori o kulturno- historijskim spomenicima zapadne Slavonije, kraja koji sam počeo istraživati još 2004. godine obilazeći spomenike oko Grubišnog Polja. U vrijeme svojeg rada u Spomen-području Jasenovac između 2003. i 2006. godine obišao sam spomenike u okolici Novske i Okučana, a nakon odluke da pišem o ovom području ciljano sam obilazio kulturno-historijske spomenike virovitičkog, pakračkog, slatinskog, daruvarskog i novogradiškog područja. Iznenađujuće je velik broj spomenika u ovom kraju. U katalogu, koji je glavni sadržaj ove knjige, nalazi se čak 536 lokaliteta. Obuhvaćeni su, kao i u prethodne dvije knjige, arheološki lokaliteti, srednjovjekovne utvrde, dvorci te pravoslavne i katoličke crkve. Kao ni u prethodnim dvjema knjigama nisam obrađivao antifašističke spomenike, koji bi svakako zaslužili posebnu publikaciju. Svjestan nedorečenosti i nekompletnosti prethodnih dviju knjiga, odlučio sam se potražiti pomoć prilikom pisanja ove nove knjige u lokalnim muzejima, konzervatorskim odjelima Ministarstva kulture i kod samih stanovnika zapadne Slavonije. Ovom prilikom se stoga posebno zahvaljujem na pomoći gospođi Kristini Zloušić iz Konzervatorskog odjela Ministarstva kulture u Zagrebu, gospodinu Žarku Španičeku u Konzervatorskom odjelu u Požegi, gospodinu Milanu Pezelju iz Konzervatorskog odjela u Bjelovaru, gospodinu Krešimiru Karlu iz Konzervatorskog odjela u Bjelovaru, gospođi Ivani Miletić iz Konzervatorskog odjela u Sisku, gospođi Željki Peroković iz Konzervatorskog odjela u Slavonskom Brodu, gospođi Dragici Šuvak iz Gradskog muzeja u Slatini, gospođi Silviji Salajić iz Gradskog muzeja u Virovitici, gospodinu Radi Bosancu iz Poljana, parohu gospodinu Luki Bosancu iz Daruvara, gospodinu Gojku Bosancu iz Brusnika, gospodinu Mladenu Kuliću iz Slatine, gospodinu Darku Derenju iz Lipika, gospođi Jeleni Hihlik iz muzeja u Pakracu, gospodinu Đorđu Mihoviloviću iz Nove Gradiške, gospodinu Slavku Čiči iz Slavonskog Broda, gospodinu dr. Đuri Zatezalu iz Karlovca, gospodinu Miroslavu Markovu iz Slavonskog Broda i brojnim drugim poznatim i nepoznatim Slavoncima koji su mi na mojim putovanjima pomagali da pronađem pojedine spomenike i da o njima doznam podatke.

Генуэзская Газария и Золотая Орда

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian

We hope our volume will be seen as the first step towards an overarching summarized work on history and archaeology of South-Eastern Europe in 13th—14th cc. in view of the now available sources. It contains articles prepared by nineteen researchers from Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Kazakhstan on history and archaeology of Byzantium, the Golden Horde and the Genoese Gazaria in 13th—15th cc. and their successors in 16th—18th cc.The present volume is an attempt to address three major objectives of the historical study of Byzantium, the Genoese Gazaria and the Golden Horde. Number one: a vast territorial coverage of the articles in the historical-topographic block enables us to find specific functions of the Golden Horde as such and its local provinces, while putting them in a broad historiographic context. The second objective addressed in this volume is about showing new approaches to historical subjects and sources on history of Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages. The third objective is to demonstrate how different types of sources can be integrated into research of extensive historical problems.We hope that the suggested format and topics of this volume will be useful to our colleagues and enjoy their approval. We also hope to make it a serial publication.

Диалог городской и степной культур на Евразийском пространстве. Историческая география Золотой Орды

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian

The VII International Conference in memoriam German Fyodorov-Davydov (November 8—12, Yalta, Crimea) will be attended by 95 researchers from 6 countries with reports covering the entire territory of the Mongol Empire from the Pacific Ocean to the Danube. The seven panels of the scientific forum — the Far East; Siberia and the Trans-Baikal area; Central Asia; the Middle Volga; the Lower Volga; North Caucasus and Transcaucasia; the Northern Black Sea area, and the Crimea — are based on the geographical principle, so as to clearly illustrate the extension of the Mongol Empire from East to West, as well as the diversity of archaeological studies of the Golden Horde.The proposed publication is aimed at elucidating the issues related to the study of historical geography of the regions dominated by the Golden Horde and other states formed by the Mongols, and territories adjacent to them, as well as their role and place in the medieval world. An important role in the framework of this scientifi c publication is played by the materials associated with the multidisciplinary approach and scientific methods of archaeological research in order to determine major trade routes and commodity flows through the Golden Horde territory, the extent of home handicraft and agricultural products distribution, life support systems within the huge medieval cities, and involvement of the steppe nomadic sub culture in the processes mentioned above. In line with these objectives, materials on historical topography of separate archaeological sites in the territorial and chronological framework under study are offered for a scientific discussion.

Петербургский апокриф. Послание от Марка

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian

Liber Romani. Studia ofiarowane Romanowi Michałowskiemu w siedemdziesiątą rocznicę urodzin

Author(s): / Language(s): French,Polish,German,Italian

An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.

Monarchia, społeczeństwo, tożsamość. Studia z dziejów średniowiecza

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish,German

The jubilee volume offered to professor Sławomir Gawlas, a renown historian medievalist from the University of Warsaw. The volume contains articles situated in three fields of the research on the middle ages: monarchy, society in a broad sense, and identity.

FONTES RERUM SLAVORUM MERIDIONALIUM. LITTERAE ET COMMISSIONES RAGUSINAE. Editi cura GEORGIUS TADIĆ

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian,Latin,Italian

Due to its geographical position and centuries-old connections with the foreign world, Dubrovnik was able to collect very interesting data about the own country as well as many other countries and to archive important historical documents. In the archives of their country, the people of Dubrovnik very early began to keep it carefully and keep it in order. That is why today the Dubrovnik Archive preserves the most important and numerous sources not only for the knowledge of our domestic history, but also for the examination of the past of a large part of the Balkan countries. // This volume is part of the project of the Serbian Royal Academy to systematically publish all important series of historical documents of the Dubrovnik Archives. This priceless and immense treasure will bring new light to many issues of our national and general history, and will certainly give a strong impetus not only to domestic, but also to general historical science. The Dubrovnik Archive and its centuries-old wealth of documents will only now receive the price it deserves. Scientists from all over the world can equally and completely use what the Archive hides. True, some of all this has been published so far, but, with rare exceptions, it has been unsystematic and incomplete. Either parts of individual series or only documents related to certain issues were taken. Complete series, without any releases, are only now starting to be published, and thus save from eventual decay. // THIS VOLUME HAS BEEN PUBLISHED in 1935 by the SERBIAN ROYAL ACADEMY as Volume III, Book IV of its series ЗБОРНИК. ИСТОРИЈУ, ЈВЗИК И КЊИЖЕВНОСТ СРПСКОГ НАРОДА (PROCEEDINGS. HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF THE SERBIAN PEOPLE).

Cyrillo-Methodiana et Varia Mediaevalia. Паметници на кирило-методиевската традиция

Author(s): Slavia Barlieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian

The present monograph presents studies by Slavia Burlieva on monuments of the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition, interpreted as phenomena of identity – confessional, political, ethnic, cultural. They are written in different periods of her research activity and are published in various Bulgarian and foreign editions in Bulgarian, English, Italian, Russian and German. Collecting them in a monographic corps will enable them to better present to a wider audience the specific research field of the author, which she enriched with new discoveries and interpretations. Here are researches on newly discovered Cyrillomethodian sources or their transcripts – such as, for example, the unknown poem written in the inner field of the otherwise well-known Latin Casaurian chronicle, the second edition of the List of the Archbishops of Ohrid, the Old Roman Catholic services for St. Cyril and Methodius, the inventory records and letters on the relics of the Holy Brothers. The introduction sums up various texts in the perspective of their occurrence on the occasion of one or another event of the Cyrillo-Methodian mission or its later reflection – from the Late Middle Ages to the Modern Age. They are published with accompanying comments, chronologically organized in the Cyrillo-Methodiana Graeca et Latina section. This section is followed by the Varia section, which includes research, most generally related to mediaeval issues, which provoked the author’s interest in her Cyrillo-Methodist studies.

Maimonides Rambam. SPOMENICA. Povodom osamstogodisnjice od njegovog Rođenja, 1135-1935

Author(s): Moric Levi,Kalmi Baruh,Leopold Fišer,Willy Haas,Ladoslav Šik / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian

Published in 1935 by the JEWISH CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY ,,LA BENEVOLENCIA" in Sarajevo // From the editor’s introduction: „The great thinker, and even greater legislator, Maimonides is the most important spiritual figure among the Jews, because without him one cannot imagine the special spiritual life of the Jewish community, nor the development of certain religious disciplines in general, from the time of his activity until today. // Maimonides, however, is also a very big name in the history of that philosophical and scientific period on the Iberian Peninsula which gave new content and a strong impetus to the thought work of the whole of Europe at that time. Therefore, he belongs to the circle of those medieval thinkers who laid the first foundations of rationalist philosophy in the Renaissance. This assessment of his philosophical appearance gave rise to a huge number of articles and books in which thinkers of all European nations presented the work of Maimonides.“

Břeclav – Pohansko X. Sídelní areál na Severovýchodním předhradí: Archeologické výzkumy v letech 2008–2016

Author(s): Jiří Macháček,Adéla Balcárková,Petr Dresler,Renáta Prichystalová,Michaela Prišťáková / Language(s): Czech

This book is the result of many years continual research of the archaeologists from Department of Archaeology and Museology FA MU in the area of the Northeast Suburb at Pohansko near Břeclav. Publication is aimed at archaeology professionals or students and describes in some detail the settlement structure of the suburb, the inventory of finds and the first interpretations of the archaeological sources gathered by excavations carried out in the 2008-2016 period. The monograph contains chapters in which immovable and movable archaeological sources are analysed and interpreted. For instance, the authors were successful of the functional interpretation of the individual excavated settlement sectors based on the using the spatial distribution of pottery, kitchen waste and daub. One of the important results of the method employed is the relatively unambiguous identification of early medieval above-ground buildings which could not have been revealed under different conditions. There is an additional detailed text catalogue of the investigated field relics accompanied by an extensive supplement with images and plans.

Ecclesia in Glacz frequentius a Christi fidelibus visitetur. Kapitoly z dějin kladské kanonie v době předhusitské

Author(s): Pavel Otmar Krafl / Language(s): Czech

The book is comprised of two parts – an overview of research into the history of the order of Regular Canons of St. Augustine in the German Lands, Poland and the Czech Lands and a collection of studies on the history of the canonry in Kladsko / Kłodzko / Glatz. The Kladsko monastery held an important position among the foundations of Archbishop of Prague Arnošt of Pardubice. The incorporation of the parish church to the monastery has been a relatively neglected institution. We are also advised of the form of election of the provost of the monastery. Around twenty-seven members of the Kladsko canonry of the pre-Hussite period have been identified by prosopographic research. The monastery in Kłodzko became a pilgrimage site by means of indulgence deeds.