Publisher: Scientia Kiadó

MINORITY REPRESENTATION AND MINORITY LANGUAGE RIGHTS

MINORITY REPRESENTATION AND MINORITY LANGUAGE RIGHTS

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: autonomy;minority self-government;electoral politics;language rights;language policies;minority representation;

The conference entitled ‘Minority Representation and Minority Language Rights’ (MIREMIR), which has been organized in co-operation with the Department of Juridical Sciences and European Studies of the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, the Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities, the European Studies Department of the University of Amsterdam and the European Consortium for Political Research Standing Group on Federalism and Regionalism, has covered two important topics of the minority issues, trying to find an answer for the above formulated question. One of these topics is concerning the problem of minority representation, involving issues related to autonomy and minority self-government, electoral politics and parties. On the other hand, as we can see in this volume, the problem of language rights, of language policies and of the real-life practices of European minorities living inside the EU or in countries willing to become member states of the EU was the second important topic of the conference.

NATIONS AND NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

NATIONS AND NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): / Language(s): English,German

Keywords: European Union; national minorities;education;labour market;national identities;national language;cross- border cooperation;

The present volume of essays and studies includes the presentations of the international scientific conference organised between 27-29 March 2008 by the European Studies and International Relations Department of the Faculty in Cluj-Napoca (Kolozsvár) of the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania. The co-organisers of the session entitled „European Union, Nations and National Minorities” were the Hungarian section of the Political Science Department of the Babeş-Bolyai University, the Centre for Ethno-Regional Studies of the Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, as well as the Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities, while among the participants there were internationally recognised experts from several countries (Romania, Hungary, Italy). Our institution started its BSc-programme on European Studies and International relations in the autumn of 2006, thus trying to address the expectations of a new segment appearing on the labour market in European and domestic institutions, in the civil sphere or the political parties, as a consequence of Romania’s accession to the European Union. During the three years that have passed since then, the European Studies programme has proven to be equal to our expectations and – both from the point of view of the educational process and the scientific research – it has become a successful study programme of our university.

MINORITY POLITICS WITHIN THE EUROPE OF REGIONS

MINORITY POLITICS WITHIN THE EUROPE OF REGIONS

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The transformation of the cultural institutions of the Hungarians living in Transylvania 1944–1948

Transformări instituţionale în viaţa culturală maghiară din Transilvania în perioada 1944–1948

Author(s): János Kristóf Murádin / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Transylvania; institutions; post-war period; theatrical life; education; university

The book entitled “The transformation of the cultural institutions of the Hungarians living in Transylvania 1944–1948” is a PhD-thesis, which tries to make a synthesis of the Hungarian cultural institutions of Transylvania in the. The introductive chapter treats the main objectives of the book, the sources used and the research methodology, followed by a short description of each of the five chapters dedicated to the different fields of culture. Essentially, we can perceive cultural life as a body built up of two major fields: artistic and scientific life. Therefore, this book is structured in such a way as to correspond to this division. The first three chapters deal with the different fields of artistic life, while the last two chapters introduce scientific activities. The first chapter describes in detail the Hungarian theatrical life of Transylvania, and focuses on the presentation of the eight Hungarian theatres based in Cluj, Oradea, Baia Mare, Satu Mare, Tîrgu Mureş, Sfântu Gheorghe, Arad and Timişoara, existing in the period referred to, or established in the following years. The second chapter presents the different Hungarian plastic art societies and institutions of Transylvania, and the local artistic educational institutions of Transylvania in Hungarian teaching language. The third chapter covers on the one hand the Hungarian literary life of Transylvania, on the other hand it is a review of the Hungarian publishing and press of Transylvania in the period referred to. The fourth chapter of the book describes the issues connected to the Hungarian university in Transylvania, dealing with the institutional transformations of the Hungarian university of Cluj starting with the last academic year 1943/1944, during the Second World War, and getting through to the transformation of the “Bolyai” University following the issuance of the law on educational reform on 3 August 1948.Finally, the last chapter gives a comprehensive review of the four Hungarian cultural-scientific institutions in Transylvania, existing in this period: the Transylvanian Museum Society, the Hungarian Cultural Society of Transylvania, the Hungarian Economical Society of Transylvania and the Transylvanian Carpathia Society. The book ends with conclusions and a large bibliography connected to the theme. The attachments composed by a chronology and some unpublished documents and archive photos helps the reader to perceive the theme.

Marin Sorescu. Theater poetry and poetic theater

Marin Sorescu. Poezia teatrului şi teatralitatea poeticului

Author(s): Stefania Maria Custură / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Marin Sorescu; drama

Marin Sorescu’s drama of expressionistic origin is one the word spoken by the character bases its significances in a space of maximum symbolic value, merging with a semiotic of movement, that became in Sorescu a semiotic of rising. The character turns into sign, he becomes an energy of the poetic drama. His gestures convert themselves, through repetition, in ritual. What gives the profound poetic character to Marin Sorescu’s drama is the specter of death that hovers above all his characters. Each, in its turn, tries to convey meaning to death, re-interpreted by the author as a metaphor of the last solution to gain access to the Absolute. The Exit is imagined by the author as ascension, he offers as many suggestions of the crucifying defined as ascension. We will make it to the light, says Jonah. And look, I step down… and glide up, says the Sexton. Irina raises her baby above her head, to protect him from the killing waters, screaming to him: Breathe, and Tepes climbs into the third prick saying: To the climbing. To the apotheosis. Emanating a large dosis of unrest, a true philosophy of existence manual, Marin Sorescu’s drama waits patiently for its literary critics and interpreters, to be replaced in its bed.

Tourism and Public Relations (PR)

Turizmus és közkapcsolatok (PR)

Author(s): József Gagyi / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: tourism;public relations;communication

The goal of these lecture notes, written for students majoring in Social Communication and Public Relations, is to present travel as a cultural form of behavior and tourism as a system of social communication. In my opinion, the subject of Tourism and Public Relations has the following task: to present the understanding of touristic phenomena and of society establishing itself and its relationships in the context of social and cultural sciences, and certain possible forms of their use in PR work. One has to imagine the situations of travel, of encountering the Alien or the Other, and then construct these for the tourism industry, i. e. establishing touristic travel services, composing destinations, constructing attractions, and public relations work. My lecture notes are aimed primarily towards future communications professionals who will develop heritage building and musealization, and based on these, establish touristic destinations and interpretations. Mediating between the tourist and the alien (this can be in the sense of cultural behavior, location, and individuals, equally), their task is to create and sustain the framework of the interpretation, to direct the processes of the production of meaning. My notes have an experimental character since they are not descriptions of actual practices, techniques, or applied methods, and they are not a collection of examples of PR tools used in the field of tourism. They are based on the assumption that the general knowledge of PR tools gained in the “Introduction to PR” lecture must be paired with the knowledge of the field it is applied in – tourism as a cultural practice. As a consequence, these lecture notes address the problems of tourism, the tourist, traveling and encounters, and specifically, those of destination, attraction, and interpretation. They also present examples, but in an attempt to establish a foundation, they concentrate more on discussing theoretical problems.

Linguistic Landscape, Linguistic Diversity I. Language Use, Language Landscape and Economic Life

Nyelvi tájkép, nyelvi sokszínűség I. Nyelvhasználat, nyelvi tájkép és gazdasági élet

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: language landscape; language use

Linguistic Landscape, Linguistic Diversity II. Spaces of Linguistic Use and Linguistic Diversity

Nyelvi tájkép, nyelvi sokszínűség II. Nyelvhasználati terek és nyelvi sokszínűség

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Hungarian

Keywords: linguistic landscape;spaces of Linguistic use; linguistic diversity

Multilingualism and Plurilingualism in Europe. 25-27 May 2017, Târgu Mureş

Soknyelvűség és többnyelvűség Európában. 2017. május 25–27., Marosvásárhely

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian,Hungarian

Keywords: Multilingualism; Plurilingualism; Europe; Transylvania

Multilingualism and Plurilingualism in Europe is the fourth event (TRANS-LINGUISTICA 4.) of a series of international conferences started in 2011. Consistency and variety can be observed in this sequence of conferences. Consistency is reflected in the main concept which has not changed along the years: we believe that in a plurilingual and multicultural Europe cultural interaction and multilingualism are values worth preserving and cultivating. By organizing four language sections, we intended to offer participants the opportunity to hold their presentation in one of the languages spoken in Transylvania (Romanian, Hungarian, and German), or in English, which made it possible for them to join the European academic discourse. The topics of the conference try to ensure a consistent but also dynamic frame for presenting and discussing various subjects. The permanent topics (mother-tongue language pedagogy and foreign language teaching, the theory and practice of translation) represent consistency, while the new ones (the tradition of multilingualism in the European culture, language use, and language contact) bring current issues, allowing the presentation of research topics from different academic disciplines, new research methods and practices, and the discussion of practical experience.The conference proceedings volume entitled Multilingualism and Plurilingualism in Europe contains the written versions of selected contributions presented during the conference with the same title, held in May 2017. The structure of this volume replicates the plurality of the languages involved; its four large chapters have been designed on the criteria of the languages of presentations: English, Romanian, Hungarian, and German. The papers reflect the methodological and thematic variety of the conference presentations related to the announced topics. The volume does not include all the presentations either because some of the presenters targeted only the participants or because some papers did not fit our editorial policies.The conference was organized by the Department of Applied Linguistics, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences Târgu-Mureș.

Spaces in Between (Conference 26–27 April, Miercurea Ciuc)

Köztes terek (2019. április 26–27., Csíkszereda)

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: spaces in between; literature; migration;hybridization;

SPAŢII INTERMEDIARE / SPACES IN BETWEEN

SPAŢII INTERMEDIARE / SPACES IN BETWEEN

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian

Keywords: intermediation; imaginary; real; betweenness;

This bilingual volume includes literary, linguistic, and translation studies revealing the different forms of intermediation, the various aspects and expressions of being between two or more spaces, realities, be it real or imaginary. The present volume contains selected and peer-reviewed papers and presentations held at the conference with the same title, organized by the Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Economics, Socio-Human Science and Engineering in Miercurea Ciuc in collaboration with the Intercultural Confluences Research Centre.

LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL INTERACTIONS – AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

NYELVI ÉS KULTURÁLIS KÖLCSÖNHATÁSOK INTERDISZCIPLINÁRIS KERETBEN / INTERACŢIUNI LINGVISTICE ŞI CULTURALE ÎN CADRU INTERDISCIPLINAR / LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL INTERACTIONS – AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian,German,Hungarian

Keywords: interdisciplinarity; cultural borderlines; interpreters; translators; mother tongue; language teaching; linguistic and cultural diversity; ICT competence;

The conference entitled Linguistic and Cultural Interactions – An Interdisciplinary Approach (TRANS-LINGUISTICA 3) is the third of a series of conferences launched in 2011 with the clear aim of creating tradition. It is a continuation from several points of view. The theoretical foundations have not changed: we are convinced that in the multicultural and plurilingual Europe, cultural interactions and multilingualism are true values. It is also our aim through the multilingual sections to create opportunities for presentations held in one of the traditional languages of Transylvania (Romanian, Hungarian, and German) as well as the possibility to engage in the European scientific discourse through the English language. The topics of the conference wish to ensure stability (foreign language teaching; mother-tongue language pedagogy; the theory and practice of translation; language use and language contact; linguistic and cultural interactions) and, at the same time, to create a flexible framework for the presentation of different research topics, of new methods, of transferring practical experience. Through the interdisciplinary approach, we also wish to emphasize the fact that our conference intends to be a forum for scientific dialogue between the representatives of the different disciplines.

History and Theories of the European Integration

Az európai integráció története és elméletei

Author(s): János Kristóf Murádin / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: European integration; Paneuropa plan; Schuman Plan; European Economic Community; Treaty of Maastricht;

This textbook is not merely a simple, chronological description of the history of European integration but much more: it offers a philosophical-ideological synthesis of the idea that stands at its foundation, that of the continental unification. Accordingly, its main goal is, on the one hand, to present the formation and historical changes of the idea of unified Europe and, on the other hand, to give an overview of the foundation and development of the European Union as we know it today. Following the preface, a brief introduction presents the geographic extensions of Europe and the origins of the name. The next chapters describe the formation and development of the unification idea as well as the process of European integration. First, the ancient conceptions of Europe are presented and then the attributes of the mediaeval Christian community, the first plans of unification in the age of the Renaissance and the continental peace programmes emerging in the Enlightenment era as well as the characteristics of the Europe conception in the 19th century. A full chapter is dedicated to the unification plans that emerged in the first part of the 20th century, such as the Paneuropa plan of Coudenhove-Kalergi, which are considered as direct sources of the European integration. The attempts of Nazi and fascist totalitarian regimes to build continental empires and, at the same time, the efforts of the resistance movements aiming at unification based on federalism are presented in another chapter. The eventful years of the period of post-war transition are detailed in yet another separate chapter. The process of European integration from the 1950 Schuman Plan to the foundation of the European Economic Community, and after that, the formation of the European Communities, the crisis of integration, and the first enlargement are laid out in the next chapters. The decade of Euroscepticism between 1973 and1984 is the topic of another chapter. The integration of Mediterranean countries and the new routes of European unity during the 1980s are analysed in the next part, followed by the presentation of the Treaty of Maastricht and the foundation of the European Union, together with the third wave of enlargement. A further chapter is dedicated to the institutional reform of the EU, presenting in detail the Treaties of Amsterdam, Nice, and Lisbon. Further on, the different phases of the Eastern enlargement come under scrutiny, while the last chapter is dedicated to the crisis of the EU in our days, with special attention to Brexit. The bookend with a synthesis of the European Union’s current situation from the global perspective, followed by the bibliography.

Introduction to translation studies or fundamental notions and concepts in translation theory and practice

Introducere în traductologie sau noţiuni şi concepte fundamentale în teoria şi practica traducerii

Author(s): Imola Katalin Nagy / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: translation principle; translation method; translation strategy; translation technique; translation procedure; typology of realia and culturemes; extralinguistic context; cultural transfer;

The volume entitled Introduction to translation studies or fundamental notions and concepts in translation theory and practice is dedicated to a synthetic presentation of the main concepts related to the phenomenon of translation. Translation, this complex process of mediation in the multilingual universe of the globalized world, tends to become the object of study of a relatively young discipline: translation studies. Translation studies, as a science that studies both the theory and practice of translation in all its forms (verbal, written, general, or specialized), has a strong interdisciplinary character, as evidenced by careful research on the evolutionary stages of its development. Translation studies is a discipline that does not offer, cannot offer immutable explanations, does not identify universally valid theories beyond temporal and/or spatial landmarks, but it offers interpretations, impregnated and influenced by the spatial and temporal context in which they occur. In this volume, we deal with the most important notions and concepts with which translation theorists operate. We define terms such as translation principle, translation method, translation strategy, translation technique, translation procedure, trying to clarify the hierarchical relationship between them. We value and, therefore, present the contributions of leading theorists in translation studies. Equivalence, this cornerstone of any translation approach, is another key point of the volume as we deal with the difficulties of translation: the translation of idioms, humour, and pragmatic aspects. The classification of texts into various types, based on different criteria, is the subject of another chapter. Closely related to the issue of text typology are the types of translations as different types of texts require different types of translation approach as well as the differences between the members of the target audience – specialized or secular – may influence the type of translation. We deal with the typology of realia and culturemes and their translation, but we also approach the translation of the literary text and study, of course, the specialized translation, the specialized language, and the terminological lexicon. We review the main features of literary and specialized translation. Intention, linguistic and extralinguistic context, cultural transfer, equivalence, skills, techniques and methods, and textual typologies are key concepts that appear in the volume entitled Introduction to translation studies or notions and fundamental concepts in the theory and practice of translation. The translational act involves several factors and several actors, which we try to approach and analyse in a synthetic and analytical approach.

Introduction into the Theory of Interpreting

Bevezetés a tolmácsolás elméletébe

Author(s): Noémi Fazakas,Krisztina Sárosi-Márdirosz / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: theory of interpreting; court interpreting; community interpreting; remote interpreting; media interpreting; interpreter;

The aim of this university course book is to serve as an introduction into the theory of interpreting for second-year students of translation and interpreting, although the chapters also cover practical insights on specific topics due to the nature of the field. The first part focuses on the profession (Interpreting studies), while the second one on the interpreter as a person (Interpreter studies). The chapters present the most important types of interpreting (court interpreting, community interpreting), nevertheless, we also explore the characteristics of interpreting in the European Union institutions, the basic aspects of evaluating interpreters, issues of remote interpreting and media interpreting. In the second part, which focuses on the interpreter as a person, psychological cognitive aspects are discussed, and the personality traits of interpreters are also presented. The chapters of the second part discuss the topic of information processing and memory, the relationship between creativity and interpreting, the issue of stress in the lives of interpreters and the concept of quality assurance in relation to interpreting. The course book aims to convey theoretical knowledge using the international scholarly literature, including the most important results of the research carried out by Hungarian specialists, but at the same time it wants to shed light on certain aspects of the profession from the perspective of the characteristics of the Romanian translation and interpreting market. Although the course book seeks to discuss theoretical issues related to the profession and the teaching of the profession, the emphasis shifts in many respects to practical problems that also prepare students to practice interpreting as a profession. In this way, the authors want to ensure that students enrolled in the Translation and interpreting programme not only know their future profession from a theoretical point of view, but also its practical aspects, difficulties and inherent professional and financial opportunities, and that they find their place on the market after completing their undergraduate studies. The literature is thus listed in the bibliography at the end of each chapter, with the aim of making it easier for students to review the Hungarian and international literature on a particular aspect of interpretation.

Teaching collocations

Teaching collocations

Author(s): Tünde Nagy / Language(s): English

Keywords: collocations; lexical approach; task-based approach; language learners and language users

Although in the last few decades emphasis has been laid on teaching vocabulary in foreign language classes, the importance of collocations often remains overlooked. Collocational awareness as a significant skill for language learners and language users (translators) alike can be acquired and developed at all levels provided enough attention is given to these linguistic constructions. While no perfect method exists that would guarantee the successful acquisition of collocations, it is believed that an integrated approach that combines various teaching methods, along with widely applicable teaching principles and strategies (Kumaravadivelu 2003), can yield satisfactory results. The theoretical considerations of the lexical approach (Lewis 1993, 2000) and also that of the task-based approach (Ellis 2003) provide useful teaching objectives, among which we can find the importance of teaching collocations and language chunks, noticing (giving students enough input so that they can observe the use of collocations in context), fostering students’ problem-solving skills and at the same time actively drawing their attention to collocations, providing contexts in which students can see collocations in their entirety, etc. Following the guidelines outlined in these approaches to a certain extent, the book offers a possible alternative to teaching collocations, also including exercises that can be used in EFL, ESP (business English), and translation classes.

General School Didactics

Általános iskoladidaktika

Author(s): László Fodor / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: school didactics; didactic theory of school; classical and modern teaching strategies;

General School Didactics focuses on knowledge that is tightly connected with the process and phenomenon of schooling and education. its main target is to provide information with reference to the most important fields and facts of didactics, i.e. to offer theoretical support, general criteria and professional knowledge to practicing teachers and to those who are willing to become teachers in our schools. From the wide and varied areas of didactic issues, we have selected the ones that are essential from the perspective of the general and specific educational and pedagogical background teachers must be endowed with. Thus, the items of information and knowledge that are covered in our book have been carefully chosen in accordance with the necessities and characteristics of the didactical profession and the principles that guide the large area of teaching-learning activities in our schools. Another equally important criterion of choosing the topics is connected with the implementation of perspectives that define teachers’ teaching knowledge and competences, and with the introduction of the professional (didactical) terminology. The eighteen chapters of the book cover eighteen large topics that include more than one hundred specific issues and matters connected with pedagogical ideas and didactic concepts, paradigms, theories, models and research results. the first chapter makes an analysis of school didactics as a scientific branch of pedagogy, and as general didactic theory of school, of teaching and learning. the second chapter deals with the characteristics, modalities and patterns of school didactics. in chapters 3-5 we focus on current issues of the teaching, learning, and of the teaching-learning processes. Chapters 6-8 are dedicated to pedagogical, psychological and related aspects of the main actors of the educational process: the teachers and students. the following chapters present classical and modern teaching strategies, main didactic principles, traditional and alternative education forms, teaching instruments, means and materials, and lesson planning. the sixteenth chapter emphasizes the main facets and elements of didactic communication, the seventeenth makes a presentation of the problems of evaluation and ranking, the last chapter explains the most important global matters and quality criteria of the didactic activities in schools. We dare say and hope that the eighteen chapters of general school didactics, the argumentative, descriptive and practical efforts of the author will provide practicing and future (primary and secondary school) teachers with useful information and guidelines in relation with their profession, with the problems that they meets every day in schools, covering the most important thoughts, theories, reflections, descriptions, all the inherent problems of the matter. General school didactics focuses on knowledge that is tightly connected with the process and phenomenon of schooling and education. Its main target is to provide information with reference to the most important fields and facts of didactics, i.e. to offer theoretical support, general criteria and professional knowledge to practicing teachers and to those who are willing to become teachers in our schools. From the wide and varied areas of didactic issues, we have selected the ones that are essential from the perspective of the general and specific educational and pedagogical background teachers must be endowed with. Thus, the items of information and knowledge that are covered in our book have been carefully chosen in accordance with the necessities and characteristics of the didactical profession and the principles that guide the large area of teaching-learning activities in our schools. Another equally important criterion of choosing the topics is connected with the implementation of perspectives that define teachers’ teaching knowledge and competences, and with the introduction of the professional (didactical) terminology. The eighteen chapters of the book cover eighteen large topics that include more than one hundred specific issues and matters connected with pedagogical ideas and didactic concepts, paradigms, theories, models and research results. The first chapter makes an analysis of school didactics as a scientific branch of pedagogy, and as general didactic theory of school, of teaching and learning. The second chapter deals with the characteristics, modalities and patterns of school didactics. In chapters 3-5 we focus on current issues of the teaching, learning, and of the teaching-learning processes. Chapters 6-8 are dedicated to pedagogical, psychological and related aspects of the main actors of the educational process: the teachers and students. The following chapters present classical and modern teaching strategies, main didactic principles, traditional and alternative education forms, teaching instruments, means and materials, and lesson planning. The sixteenth chapter emphasizes the main facets and elements of didactic communication, the seventeenth makes a presentation of the problems of evaluation and ranking, the last chapter explains the most important global matters and quality criteria of the didactic activities in schools. We dare say and hope that the eighteen chapters of general school didactics, the argumentative, descriptive and practical efforts of the author will provide practicing and future (primary and secondary school) teachers with useful information and guidelines in relation with their profession, with the problems that they meets every day in schools, covering the most important thoughts, theories, reflections, descriptions, all the inherent problems of the matter.

Communication Culture and Translinguistics in Europe

Kommunikációs kultúra és transzlingvisztika Európában

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian,Hungarian

Keywords: culture of communication; linguistic and communicational culture; multilingualism;

The volume dedicated to the memory of Dr Olga Murvai comprises the conference papers on the topic of current issues related to the European culture of communication. The event was organized in Targu-Mures in the period of 27─28 May 2011. Through the thematic and methodological diversity of the studies, the book introduces us to the world of interferences of national cultures, drawing our attention to the fact that linguistic and communicational culture is changing over time and varies from space to space owing to intercultural interactions.

SCHOOLMASTERS. CAREERS AND LIFE STORIES

NÉPTANÍTÓK. ÉLETPÁLYÁK ÉS ÉLETTÖRTÉNETEK

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: Hungarian fiction; rural teacher; 20th century; social minority;

This volume presents the image of the country teacher as reflected in the Hungarian fiction throughout the 20th century. In the early decades of the century, minority teachers undergo a process of marginalization, but, at the same time engaging in a heroic battle involving efforts to serve the social minority, contemporary fiction presents this type of hero in a mythical context. However, following World War II, the new regime does everything in its power to integrate the pedagogues in the new political-communist structures. As a result, the type of the rural teacher gradually disappears from the works of fiction.

COMMUNITY, CULTURE, IDENTITY

KÖZÖSSÉG, KULTÚRA, IDENTITÁS

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: community; strangers; self-identity; Reményik; pluralism;

This publication is a conference proceedings comprising the papers presented at the conferences entitled "Cult, Culture, Identity" and ''Community and Strangers" organized by the Department of Human Sciences of Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania in Miercurea Ciuc. The topics are greatly varied, but all of them are linked to the subject of the community and are approached from the perspective of interdisciplinarity.