Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Business models. Analysis and reporting

Modele biznesu przedsiębiorstw. Analiza i raportowanie

Author(s): Jan Michalak / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: business model; analysis; strategic report; IPO prospectus; integrated reporting; sustainability; coherence; management accounting; financial accounting

The book addresses the following questions: How business models are presented in annual reports, integrated reports and IPO prospectuses? How business models influence the way information is presented in financial statements? How should financial and management accounting systems be adapted in order to properly model business models? How business models can be analyzed? The book consists of four chapters. The first chapter discusses definition and classification of business models. The second chapter focuses on the analysis and evaluation of business models. the third chapter, the discussion is devoted to issues, to a lesser extent subjected to analysis in Polish and world literature, that is, reporting of business models. Third chapter is covers impact of business model on financial accounting, management accounting and integrated reporting. It presents also analysis of business model presentation in sixty strategic reports of companies listed on the London Stock Exchange and in five integrated reports. Chapter four covers ten case studies of business model reporting of companies listed on the NewConnect. New connect is Polish alternative stock market established to promote innovative business models. The book is addressed to managers, accounting specialists as well as to researchers in the fields of management, accounting and finance.

People with Disabilities and Art. Making Art More Accessible – Perception – Integration

Osoby z niepełnosprawnością i sztuka. Udostępnianie – percepcja – integracja

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: people with disabilities; museum; art; accessibility; interdisciplinarity

This present monograph provides a reflection concerning the current state of knowledge, as well as practical results relating to concepts and problems of making more accessible within the museum space various visual arts (both traditional works of art as well as contemporary art forms) to people with various physical or mental dysfunctions and how these forms must be adapted in different ways according to the persons' perception with different dysfunctions such as visual, aural, intellectual etc. The largest part of this publication was devoted to presentation of different problems concerned with making art more accessible to people with dysfunction of sight (Part One entitled “The World Exists but Without Eyes We are Unable to See It”). In the Second Part of this monograph, entitled “With the Eyes of the Butterfly”, we presented articles relating to the ways of making the museum space more accessible to people with impaired hearing and discussed various problems concerning the perceiving of the phenomena of visual fine arts in the environment of its’ deaf recipients. An important assembly of problems and questions also tackled by the authors of this book, which we are proudly handing over now to the reader, was the fine matter of difficult accessibility of art for persons with various intellectual disorders, the problem of integration of the handicapped persons within the museum space and the importance, meaning and vitality of art in the life of people with various physical or mental dysfunctions as means of helping them to become more entwined and connected with the “normal” society. To describe this subject matter we devoted the majority of Part Three entitled “The Universe as Seen Through the Eyes of a Other”. However it must be stated that this book is primarily intended for all persons who are theoretically or practically dealing everyday with the problem of attempting to make more accessible the works of art within the museum space to all persons with various mental or physical disorders. We hope and trust that many art historians, museum educators, architects, sociologists, psychologists, cultural studies experts, linguists, translators, museum staff, curators and designers will find this book useful in their everyday work. “This elaboration – should also become an essential reading for everyone of us – for all fellow-citizens coexisting in our society with the disabled or handicapped persons. After reading this book, we hope that – many of our readers will decide to change the notion of ‹‹exclusion›› and to replace it with the notion of ‹‹coexistence››. And hopefully the ‹‹Other›› will finally become ‹‹exactly the same›› as we perceive ourselves” (citation quoted verbatim from a review of the book by professor habilitated doctor Jan Wiktor Sienkiewicz).

Women’s situation on the labour market. Selected issues

Sytuacja kobiet na rynku pracy. Wybrane aspekty

Author(s): Dorota Witkowska,Krzysztof Kompa,Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: labour market; gender pay gap; wage modelling; women in management; kobiety na rynku pracy; aktywność zawodowa kobiet; dyskryminacja zawodowa; bierność zawodowa; modele liniowe płac; luka płacowa; zatrudnienie kobiet; dysproporcje płacowe

Gender disparities and women discrimination on labour market seem to be the most important problems in European Union member states. Therefore, different regulations and strategies to improve situation of female employees have been introduced. To formulate such solutions, it is necessary to analyze the women’s situation on the EU labour market that was a goal of the research which we financed by National Science Center. The monography contains the results obtained for the years 2002-2014. Analysis concerns economic activity, wages and gender pay gap modelling, together with presence of women in management. Changes of labour activity in European Union countries after the crisis seem to be interesting since the crisis was mostly visible in masculine economic sectors. Economic inactivity and its determinants are also very important issues which were analyzed. Modelling of remuneration and gender pay gap are one of the basic questions. Factors which were identified as having impact on both phenomena are discussed. Women in boardrooms and the influence of the gender structure of management to the financial performance of companies have been a hot topic recently. Therefore, the results of our investigation of these issues seem to be interesting. // Nierówne traktowanie ze względu na płeć i dyskryminacja kobiet na rynku pracy są uważane w krajach Unii Europejskiej za jeden z głównych problemów, o czym świadczą m.in. zapisy legislacyjne i strategie zmierzające do poprawy pozycji kobiet. Istotna jest zatem analiza sytuacji kobiet na rynku pracy Unii Europejskiej, co było celem badań finansowanych przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki, których wstępne wyniki dotyczą lat 2002-2014. W monografii zaprezentowano w szczególności aktywność zawodową, modelowanie płac oraz obecność kobiet w kierownictwie. Interesujące wydają się zmiany aktywności na rynku pracy w krajach Unii Europejskiej po kryzysie, bowiem dotknął on przede wszystkim sektory mocno zmaskulinizowane. Ważnymi problemami są też bierność zawodowa i jej przyczyny, które poddano analizie. Modelowanie płac i badanie luki płacowej implikowanej płcią należą do podstawowych zagadnień, dlatego poświęcono im w publikacji sporo miejsca, poszukując czynników oddziałujących na oba zjawiska. Dostęp kobiet do stanowisk kierowniczych i rozważanie wpływu struktury managementu na sytuację finansową przedsiębiorstw jest natomiast stosunkowo nowym i godnym uwagi nurtem w badaniach rynku pracy.

Supporting foreign direct investment in Poland through a system of incentives for investors

Wspieranie zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich w Polsce przez system zachęt dla inwestorów

Author(s): Tomasz Dorożyński / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: foreign capital; foreign investors; supporting foreign investment; special economic zones; direct investment; public aid; public institutions

Internationalisation is an important process in global economy today. It consists in creating and developing various forms of supranational connections between companies, as seen in foreign direct investment. The main aim of the research is an assessment of foreign investors’ reaction to the use of incentives. The first part of the monograph has been devoted to theoretical, legal and organisational aspects of supporting foreign investors. The second part presents empirical research into the value of incentives from the economic perspective of both the host country and the country of origin. The publication is mainly intended for economists and representatives of international business. It can also be of interest to managers, experts and public administration officials whose work is concerned with international operation of enterprises.

Milk and Dairy Products in the Medicine and Culinary Art of Antiquity and Early Byzantium (1st–7th Centuries AD)

Milk and Dairy Products in the Medicine and Culinary Art of Antiquity and Early Byzantium (1st–7th Centuries AD)

Author(s): Zofia Rzeźnicka,Maciej Kokoszko / Language(s): English

Keywords: Culinary Art of Antiquity; Milk and Dairy Products of Byzantium; Aulus Cornelius Celsus; Dioscorides; Galen medical authors; butter in dietetics; pharmacology and therapeutics; dietetic properties of cheese; dietetic properties of milk

The following publication constitutes a continuation of a longstanding research conducted by both authors on nourishment, dietetics, pharmacology and gastronomy in the Late Antiquity and early Byzantium. The book was created based primarily on Greek medical treatises composed from the 1st to 7th century, but it takes into account data that originates outside of this collection.The goal of the authors was to present the knowledge of the people in antiquity and Byzantium on milk and dairy products. To achieve that they attempted to translate into contemporary language the way of thinking of then doctors, and to present main points of the theory propagated by them. In particular, the authors have shown ways of utilizing aforementioned alimentary products as food and medicine. Thus, they consciously encroach the area of history of pharmacology and gastronomy. Even though the nature of their research led the authors to focus on conclusions in the field of the history of food and medicine, they also take up the issues related to society and economy of this period.

Elements of Mathematical Logic and Exact Sciences Methodology (A collection of lecture transcripts)

Elementy logiki matematycznej i metodologii nauk ścisłych (skrypt z wykładów)

Author(s): Andrzej Indrzejczak,Stanisław Jaśkowski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Jaśkowski Stanisław;mathematical logic;propositional calculus;non-parenthetic marking;quantifiers;predicate calculus

The presented volume is a reissue of the collection of lecture transcripts on mathematical logic and methodology of exact sciences by Stanisław Jaśkowski (1906-1965), an outstanding Polish logician and mathematician, representative of the Lwów-Warsaw School, the creator of natural deduction systems and paraconsistent logics.The transcripts collection was published in 1947 to meet the needs of students of mathematics at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, with which Jaśkowski was professionally connected for the last twenty years of his life.The book is the author’s original, extraordinarily modern approach to the subject, significantly different from other textbooks. This was the first work in which logic was consistently presented in the form of a natural deduction system, which later became a standard in logic-related didactics. Given that Jaśkowski developed first systems of this type in the 1930s, we are dealing with an extremely important historical testimony of their first use in teaching.Thanks to the outstanding educational value of this transcript collection, it still remains a very interesting reference for specialists, while students can continue relying on it as a useful textbook on logic – all despite the passing of over seventy years since the first edition.

Judgment on the Corruption of Juveniles. Educational Contexts

Sąd nad demoralizacją nieletnich. Konteksty wychowawcze

Author(s): Renata Szczepanik,Agnieszka Jaros,Magdalena Staniaszek / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: juvenile justice;juvenile delinquents;mediation for juveniles;deviations;demoralization of juveniles;difficult children

The publication concerns court interventions in the case of juvenile demoralization as well as adolescents who have for various reasons earned the status of juvenile delinquents. It is no coincidence that the authors employ the term “various reasons” which is associated with the very capacious yet vague concept of demoralization. This term is a key category of the Juvenile Delinquents Act which delineates response procedures in cases where an adolescent violates legal, moral and social norms and is raised in conditions which are detrimental to that child’s social development. Many concepts contained in the act are questioned by authors of studies devoted to the analysis of the Polish model of juvenile justice – lawyers, criminologists as well as educators and psychologists. These doubts are discussed in the book and, in addition, this message has been reinforced with data from the authors' own research. The publication adopts several perspectives for the evaluation of the juvenile justice model. However, it is appropriate to explain the absence of strictly legal analyses. Legal themes appear naturally, but they are intentionally left undeveloped and without a deeper examination. It is meant to facilitate the implementation of the aim of the book, which is an attempt to view the relevant law only through the educational functions it should or could perform in relation to children who are at risk of demoralization.

Strategic Management of Smart City Transformation Projects

Strategiczne zarządzanie projektami transformacji inteligentnych miast

Author(s): Beata Gontar,Zbigniew Gontar,Dorota Sikora-Fernandez / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: urban intelligence;project management;sustainable development;corporate governance;digital transformation of a city;smart city

Understanding the new stage of urban development towards smart and sustainable cities observed in the last decade requires knowledge of both the nature of the changes and the available opportunities that can allow cities to increase their wealth and raise the standard of living of their residents – under the conditions set out in Industry 4.0 strategy as well as the strategy of sustainable, responsible development. The monograph introduces the reader to the strategic context of digital transformation of cities and outlines a new methodology for managing urban projects, taking into account the benefits as well as economic, social and environmental barriers. The publication also discusses the theoretical foundations of the smart and sustainable city concept and the current trends in the digital transformation of cities. An illustrative example of the use of the new ideas relates to the Horticultural Expo 2024, which is to be organized by the city of Łódź. The book’s audience are a wide range of people interested in creating innovative solutions in the urban environment as well as in managing the digital transformation of cities.

Western Policy of Emperors Marcian (450–457) and Leo I (457–474). Byzantina Lodziensia XXIX

Polityka zachodnia cesarzy Marcjana (450–457) i Leona I (457–474). Byzantina Lodziensia XXIX

Author(s): Łukasz Pigoński / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Theodosius II;Huns;Vandals;Goths;Ostrogoths;Roman Empire;Byzantine Emperors;Leo I;Marcian;Constantinople;Barbarians

The third quarter of the 5th century defines one of the most interesting periods in European history. It turned out to be a breakthrough during which the Theodosian dynasty that had ruled the Roman Empire for over seventy years finally became extinct, while the pressure of barbarians augmented by civil wars led to the collapse of the western part of the empire. In this crucial time in the history of the entire Mediterranean region, two Byzantine emperors, Marcian (450–457) and Leo I (457–474), came to power. The present book is devoted to their Western policies. The author analyzes the diplomatic and military maneuvers undertaken by these rulers against the Western Roman Empire, the Vandal Kingdom in Africa, the Hunnic Empire and the Pannonian Goths. Throughout his book, Łukasz Pigoński discusses not only the policies of emperors Marcian and Leo I, but also the activity of other outstanding figures such as Aspar, Basiliscus and even Flavius Ricimer.“The reviewed publication is an interesting and valuable offer for anyone interested in the history of late antiquity. A solid analysis of sources, the base of which is well selected while the analysis itself performed in accordance with all germane principles, bespeaks a substantive work of high quality. The methods used as well as the mode of inference and presentation of research results are all accurate, which makes the publication a new and original contribution of the author not only to Polish, but also to European historiography.” prof. dr hab. Marek WilczyńskiPedagogical University of Cracow

A Journal from the Lodz Ghetto

Dziennik z getta łódzkiego / Das Tagebuch aus dem Lodzer Getto

Author(s): Irene Hauser / Language(s): Polish,German

Keywords: Irene Hauser;Jews of Vienna;Radegast;extermination;Holocaust;World War II;Lodz ghetto

Ten o’clock, still no bread. We’ve been waiting since seven. Terrible hunger. I feel sick to my stomach and totally weak. I’m unable to make two bunks any more, my legs refuse to carry me. It’s a miracle I can still move my hand to write. I’ve taken valerian without sugar and lain down. Bubi is licking sour salt out of sheer hunger. It’s eleven o'clock now and he still hasn’t come back with the bread. We’re shaking all over. He has got a ration stamp for bread and nobody will lend us anything. Two more days like this and we won’t be among the living. Irene Hauser, A Journal

Jędrzej Moraczewski. Memories. People, Times and Events. Part one. Youth and Engineering Work. Volume 2. Years 1895–1900

Jędrzej Moraczewski. Wspomnienia. Ludzie, czasy i zdarzenia. Część pierwsza. Młodość i praca inżynierska. Tom 2. Lata 1895–1900

Author(s): Ilona Florczak / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Krajowe Biuro Drogowe (National Road Bureau);railway in Poland;Jędrzej Moraczewski;Lwów

The second volume of the first part of Jędrzej Moraczewski's Memories covers the years 1895–1900. The author takes readers to the Galician province, where he lived with his wife, Zofia Moraczewska née Gostkowska. Their first years together were a period of frequent relocations entailed by the nature of engineer Moraczewski's work on the construction of state railways. In Memories, the author portrayed the people he met – both those directly influencing him as well as others, widely known in Galicia at that time due to the position they held or to their social or political activity. Compared to the previous volume, reports from the life of a young, intellectual couple, struggling with everyday problems, prevail here. There are also descriptions of provincial entertainment and ways of spending free time – cycling and sightseeing trips, social meetings, performances by amateur theaters and attempts to animate the local social elite which included the Moraczewski family.

Language(s) in time and space

Język(i) w czasie i przestrzeni

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: language in multimedia space; temporal transgression; language contact; aphasia; language evolution; internet communication

Tematyce języka, czasu i przestrzeni poświęcono w literaturze polskiej i światowej bardzo dużo uwagi, zwłaszcza w ujęciu interdyscyplinarnym. Prace zebrane w niniejszym tomie wskazują na różne, nierzadko bardzo metaforyczne, sposoby pojmowania czasu i przestrzeni w szerokiej perspektywie lingwistycznej. Poszczególne rozdziały koncentrują się na wybranych aspektach użycia języka w przestrzeni internetowej i multimedialnej, na języku w przestrzeni miejskiej i państwowej. Kolejne teksty analizują język w różnych perspektywach czasowych, związanych z ewolucją języka i kontaktami międzyjęzykowymi, a także badają relacje zachodzące pomiędzy językiem a pamięcią, przedstawiają uwarunkowania zmian językowych w procesie afazji, przyglądają się przestrzeni teoretycznej, w której uprawiane jest językoznawstwo, oraz proponują rozważania o charakterze ogólnohumanistycznym. Autorzy koncentrują się na badaniach poszczególnych interesujących zjawisk i jednostkowych przypadków, a rozważania teoretyczno-metodologiczne splatają się z analizami zagadnień bardziej praktycznych. W niektórych tekstach pojawia się nawiązanie do aktualnych wydarzeń i ograniczeń, ale także nowych możliwości spowodowanych pandemią.

Environmental evaluation in relationships with suppliers

Ewaluacja środowiskowa w relacjach z dostawcami

Author(s): Piotr Cezary Sosnowski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: buyer-supplier relationships; purchasing management;supplier evaluation; supplier assessment;logistics; supply chain management

The main objective of this paper is to determine the role of environmental supplier evaluation in buyer-supplier relationships.This work comprises two theoretical chapters and two empirical chapters. The research methods used are a critical analysis of the literature and a survey conducted using the Computer Aided Telephone Interview (CATI) technique.The results of the research activities include the development of author’s definitions, including the environmental supplier evaluation, determining the classification of buyer-supplier relationships, proposing a new approach to supplier evaluation, proposing a classification of areas of supplier evaluation, determining the conditions (benefits, barriers, motivating factors and enabling factors) for conducting environmental supplier evaluation by companies, developing recommendations for conducting environmental supplier evaluation and identifying recommendations for future research.

Intraorganizational mobility of employees - the perspective of the organization

Wewnątrzorganizacyjna mobilność pracowników – perspektywa organizacji

Author(s): Izabela Bednarska-Wnuk / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: intraorganizational mobility; employee mobility; organizational solutions; mobility functions;human resource management

The monograph is theoretical and empirical. It is aimed at using the competency potential of employees by the organization based on conscious and purposeful activities within the scope of internal mobility. These activities are primarily the result of the activity of an organization focused on implementing solutions in this area. The monograph presents an original proposal of the concept of functions and key organizational solutions for internal mobility. It not only describes their description, but also defines the possibilities of their formation against the background of management instruments: structure, strategy and procedures.The structure of the work is subordinated to six chapters. They result from the scope and nature of the undertaken literature studies and conducted empirical research. The first three chapters constitute the theoretical basis and the background for the considerations carried out in this monograph. The next three present the methodology and results of empirical research and outline recommendations for management theory and practice.Based on theoretical considerations and the results of own research, it was noted that today an organization should consciously manage the process of internal mobility. Therefore, a procedure has been developed to manage this process, including the assumptions of the concept, characteristics, limitations and practical implications. The possibilities of shaping the internal mobility of employees in contemporary organizations were also determined. At the end of this monograph, the potential directions of further scientific research and the limitations of the conducted empirical research were indicated.

Commented Bibliography of Polish Translations of the Literary Output of the Slavia Orthodoxa Circle

Komentowana bibliografia polskich przekładów piśmiennictwa kręgu Slavia Othodoxa

Author(s): Agata Kawecka,Izabela Lis-Wielgosz,Ivan N. Petrov,Małgorzata Skowronek,Jan Stradomski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: translations; (Old) Church Slavic literature; Old Bulgarian literature; Old Serbian literature; Old Russian literature

Translations – produced, at varying rates, across the ages – constitute one of the basic components of the reception of Slavia Orthodoxa literature in Poland. Their comprehensive description and in-depth analysis require the collection, presentation, and commentary of the bibliographic data concerning the existing translations of the writings in question. This is the objective of the recent volume of Series Ceranea.The bibliography covers texts which arose and/or functioned among the Slavs of the Eastern Rite between the late 9th and the 21st century and which have been translated into Polish, be it from Old Church Slavic or the recensions (local varieties) of Church Slavic. The description encompasses both works that can be attributed to particular authors and anonymous writings. The bibliography is accompanied by a dozen or so detailed analytic/descriptive studies.

Discovering the mysteries of the biblical Polish language. Selection of Linguistic Works in Łódź (1981–2021)

Odkrywanie tajemnic polszczyzny biblijnej. Wybór łódzkich prac językoznawczych (1981–2021)

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Commented Bibliography of Polish Translations of Slavia Orthodoxa Folk Literature. Series Ceranea, 8

Komentowana bibliografia polskich przekładów literatury ludowej kręgu Slavia Orthodoxa. Series Ceranea tom 8

Author(s): Agata Kawecka,Karolina Krzeszewska,Izabela Lis-Wielgosz,Małgorzata Skowronek,Ivan N. Petrov / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: translations; folklore; South Slavic folk literature; East Slavic folk literature

Translations – produced, at varying rates, across the ages – constitute one of the basic components of the reception of Slavia Orthodoxa folk literature in Poland. Their comprehensive description and in-depth analysis require the collection, presentation, and commentary of the bibliographic data concerning the existing translations of the works in question. This is the goal of the present publication.The Bibliography systematizes the Polish translations of folk texts originating from the Slavia Orthodoxa area. The primary division of the source material is based on the criterion of geographic origin: South Slavic vs East Slavic. Within these two groups, the pieces are categorized according to the means of transmission or performance: prose works intended for being retold (fables, legends, folk tales, etc.) and poetic works intended for being sung or recited (songs, including epic songs; ballads, dumas, bylinas, etc.). The bibliographic information concerning the existing translations is presented in chronological order. The bibliography is accompanied by a number of detailed analytic/descriptive studies.

Łódź. City of Modernity

Łódź. Miasto modernistyczne

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Łódź; modernism; social history; literature; art; architecture; theatre; film

The monograph consists of 33 articles devoted to Łódź, a city that in the 19th century transformed from a small agricultural center into an industrial metropolis within one generation. At the end of the 19th century, it was a symbol of modernization and industrialization for Central Europe, and was often compared to Manchester and the industrial cities of the United States. The authors of the monograph analyze various aspects of the economic, social and cultural life of Łódź in the period before the outbreak of World War II. They examine the faces of Łódź's modernity: modernization trends, metropolitan and peripheral nature of the city, its multiculturalism and multiethnicity, because Łódź was an attractive place of settlement for Germans, Polish peasants, Jews and newcomers from the depths of the Russian Empire. Important phenomena include the development of the workers' movement, which culminated in the revolution of 1905–1907, and emancipation movements. The analysis covered urban infrastructure and architecture, cultural phenomena (especially literature and mass entertainment typical of industrial cities), religious and political life.

Strategoí: early Byzantine military commanders in the times of Zeno and Anastasius (474–518); Byzantina Lodziensia tom L

Strategoí: early Byzantine military commanders in the times of Zeno and Anastasius (474–518); Byzantina Lodziensia tom L

Author(s): Mirosław J. Leszka,Szymon Wierzbiński / Language(s): English

Keywords: Eastern Roman Empire; army; commanders; emperor Zeno; emperor Anastasius I; organization management; Persians; Ostrogoths; Bulgars

The presented book focuses on the commanders of the early Byzantine army during the reign of Emperors Zeno and Anastasius I. The publication is divided into five main parts. The first part presents the Byzantine army, the command of which was the basis for the position of the commanding staff in society. The second part was devoted to the policies of Zeno and Anastasius I regarding the appointment to the highest positions in the Byzantine army, that is, the magistri militum in praesenti, per Orientem, per Illyricum and per Thracias. In the third, the main opponents of the Byzantine troops and of their commanders were characterised, in general terms (the Ostrogoths, Persians and Bulgars). The fourth part traces the activity of military elites during important political events, such as usurpations and military rebellions. The fifth and final part was devoted to ten select­ed as examples representatives of the military elites of the era of Zeno and Anastasius I. * I have no doubt that the reviewed book will be wormly received in the international Byzantine community. From the review of prof. Ireneusz Milewski University of Gdańsk The authors of the publication managed to combine the scientific nature of the argument with an interesting style. The argument is logical, and the theses are complete and consistent with the state of research. From the review of prof. Szymon Olszaniec Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Pro- and anti-European attitudes in Poland and Austria in 2015-2021. Based on the analysis of the weekly magazines "Polityka" and "Der Spiegel"

Postawy pro- i antyeuropejskie w Polsce i Austrii w latach 2015-2021. Na podstawie analizy tygodników "Polityka" i "Der Spiegel"

Author(s): Małgorzata Schulz / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: European Union; pro-European attitudes; anti-European attitudes; Poland; Austria; media; integration

Issues regarding the future of the European Union have become very important, especially in the context of political and social changes across Europe, including in Poland and Austria. The study of pro- and anti-European attitudes is becoming a key area of analysis to understand the dynamics of European societies in the face of political, economic and cultural challenges. The considerations contained in this publication focus on the period from 2015 to 2021. I focus my attention on two important countries: Poland and Austria, which, despite their different histories and experiences, have many common features. By analyzing articles published in the influential weekly magazines "Polityka" in Poland and "Der Spiegel" in Austria, I try to interpret the diverse attitudes of citizens towards the idea of a common Europe. The time caesura I have designated for the purposes of this analysis is not accidental. The year 2015 was a time of change in the Polish government, where Law and Justice gained the largest parliamentary club in the history of the Third Polish Republic. In Austria, in 2017, the Christian Democrat ÖVP won the elections. The key aim of my research is to identify pro- and anti-European trends and to understand the main factors shaping these attitudes. What political, social and economic events influence the perception of the European Union? What are the main narratives in the Polish and Austrian media in the context of European events? I made the answers to these questions the content of the book. Based on C. Gerbner's method of content analysis of media messages, the research focuses on identifying differences and similarities in the approach of political actors to European issues. I also analyze the role of the media in shaping pro- or anti-European attitudes. In the results of the content analysis of the analyzed weekly magazines, I try to show the complexity of citizens' attitudes and their evolution in the period under study. This book is an attempt to answer the question about the shape of the official discourse of parliamentary parties on topics related to European integration and the European Union itself. The analysis is carried out through the prism of two levels: the idea of Europe and the organization of Europe (understood as the organizational structure of the EU and the way it will function in the future).