Счетоводство, дигитализация, устойчивост – наука и практика : Международна научна конференция 105 години катедра &quot;Счетоводство и анализ&quot;, Университет за национално и световно стопанство, 25 – 27 март 2025 г.

Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Case of Bulgaria

Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Case of Bulgaria
(Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Case of Bulgaria)

Author(s):Ivan Todorov, Desislava Stoilova
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Economic policy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:17-32
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:government expenditures; economic growth; Bulgaria
Summary/Abstract:The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of the size and structure of government expenditures on economic growth in Bulgaria during 1996 -2021. An ordinary lest squares approach is employed to test the Armey curve hypothesis for Bulgaria. An autoregression with distributed lag is applied to analyse the effects of the functional categories of government expenditures on economic growth. The empirical results indicate that the average size of total government expenses during 1996 – 2021 (37.61 percent of GDP) is close to their optimum level (37.99 percent of GDP) for the period. A long-term equilibrium exists between economic growth and the functional categories of government expenditures. Each deviation from the equilibrium is eliminated at a rate of 119 percent per annum. In the short run, Bulgaria’s economic growth is positively affected by government expenses on health and environmental protection and negatively influenced by government expenditures on public order and safety.

Корупционна среда и преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България за периода 2000 – 2023 г.

Корупционна среда и преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България за периода 2000 – 2023 г.
(Corruption Environment, Foreign Direct Investment and Public Attitude)

Author(s):Vladimir Tsenkov, Galya Vladimirova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Socio-Economic Research, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:33-49
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:corruption environment; foreign direct investments; anti-corruption indices
Summary/Abstract:The empirical study aims to test for the presence of mutual determinacy between the dynamics of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bulgaria for the period 2000 – 2023 and a set of five indices, calculated annually according to the World Bank methodology, which reflect relevant indicators of the state governance relevant to both the corruption climate and reflecting the efforts at the state level to combat corruption. The results of the study indicate the presence of structural and temporal differences in the set of corruption indices affecting inward and outward FDI. The dynamics of outward FDI are more influenced and more complexly affected by the studied corruption indexes (factors) compared to inward FDI. Taking into account the impact and its time persistence, we could point to the leading impact for FDI of the Corruption Index of Government Effectiveness, and provoking a positive change in its dynamics could cause an immediate and positive change in the final assessment of the effectiveness of anti-corruption actions in the country.

Дигиталното счетоводство и изкуственият интелект: новите стандарти в управлението на бизнеса

Дигиталното счетоводство и изкуственият интелект: новите стандарти в управлението на бизнеса
(Digital Accounting and Artificial Intelligence: The New Standards in Business Management)

Author(s):Miglena Trencheva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:50-59
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:artificial intelligence (AI); accounting software
Summary/Abstract:Digital accounting and artificial intelligence (AI) are emerging as major drivers of financial accounting modernization, offering new standards of efficiency, accuracy, and strategic planning. This report examines the scientific and economic aspects of integrating AI into accounting processes, focusing on their role in automating routine tasks, minimizing transaction costs, and improving access to financial data through cloud technologies. An important part of the analysis is devoted to AI’s ability to use accounting information to automatically generate forecasts. By processing historical data and identifying patterns, AI can predict key business indicators such as future revenues, expenses, and cash flows. Machine learning algorithms automatically analyze the dynamics of financial transactions, recognize seasonal or market trends, and provide strategic recommendations for resource optimization. The report highlights the importance of these technologies in improving the competitiveness of enterprises, creating financial strategies for a specific enterprise, and increasing the ability to adapt to a dynamic global economy. The conclusions present the integration of AI and digitalization as an inevitable necessity for the sustainable development of the financial industry.

Information Base for Analyzing the Financial Sources of Organic Farming in Bulgaria

Information Base for Analyzing the Financial Sources of Organic Farming in Bulgaria
(Information Base for Analyzing the Financial Sources of Organic Farming in Bulgaria)

Author(s):Pavlina Dimitrova
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Agriculture, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:60-73
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:financing; agriculture; information sources; analysis
Summary/Abstract:Undoubtedly, agriculture is one of the most important branches of national economy. Without production and sale of the products produced by this sector life of the population would be unthinkable. The development of the industry would be possible only if the cash flows are directed effectively to the farmers. The development focuses on the information base in connection with the financing of the agricultural sector. Based on a statistical correlation analysis, it is proven that there is no obstacle between the amount of approved funds from the European Agricultural Fund and the amount of funds used by farmers.

Does Public Spending Affect Inflation – Evidence for Bulgaria?

Does Public Spending Affect Inflation – Evidence for Bulgaria?
(Does Public Spending Affect Inflation – Evidence for Bulgaria?)

Author(s):Kamelia Asenova
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:74-82
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:public spending; inflation
Summary/Abstract:In recent years, public spending on the state budget in Bulgaria has been growing at significant pace. This may lead to an excessive deficit in the future and a negative impact on the economy. This process of increasing public spending was accelerated during the unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19. Recovery measures required that this trend be continued in the following years. The reasons for the increase in the price level can be explained by: on the one hand, negative supply shocks and inflation of cost, and on the other hand, the impact of recovery instruments and the stimulation of aggregate demand and demand inflation. This case provides us with a reason to investigate the impact of increased public spending on the inflation index in Bulgaria for the period 2007-2023 and that part of the increase in the price level due to the stimulation of aggregate demand by the state and is known in theory as demand inflation. Public spending affects inflation in the short run in Bulgaria. The results also support the Keynesian view one possible channel public spending to influence inflation is through its impact on aggregate demand. In testing for long-run effects, the strongest impact is from the most distant period of today on the CPI.

Показатели за устойчиво развитие

Показатели за устойчиво развитие
(Sustainable Development Indicators)

Author(s):Vasil Bozev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Methodology and research technology, Social development, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:83-95
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:sustainable development; economic sustainability; social sustainability; ecological sustainability
Summary/Abstract:Our current economic system is driven by a growth-at-any-cost mentality. In reality, economic growth alone does not mean a better life because it does not take into account inequalities, social relations, health or how people spend their free time. All this necessitates the emergence of new indicators that measure not only the improvement of the economy as a whole, but the improvement of specific aspects of people in society that lead to sustainable development.

Internal Reporting and Accounting Treatment of Claims in Insurance Companies

Internal Reporting and Accounting Treatment of Claims in Insurance Companies
(Internal Reporting and Accounting Treatment of Claims in Insurance Companies)

Author(s):Sanja Tominac
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:96-108
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:insurance companies; types of insurance; claims; technical reserves; internal reporting
Summary/Abstract:Insurance companies' main purpose is to protect against the consequences of future harmful events. The claims covered by insurance companies are described in the insurance contracts and depend on the type of insurance. Technical provisions are a very important item in insurance companies, which insurance companies must form in order to cover all obligations arising from insurance contracts and possible losses due to risks from insurance transactions. Companies are obliged to form technical provisions in accordance with accounting regulations, depending on which insurance or reinsurance business they conduct. In the event of a loss event, the first step is to report the loss to the insurance company. Only after the report is the turn for the insurer to review the event and assess whether the loss event is covered by the insurance contract. If this is the case, the insurance companies are obliged to pay the insured person or a third party the contractually agreed amount. Internal reporting is very important in insurance companies, as it provides management with information about the (financial and non-financial) activities of the company and management makes decisions and conducts business on the basis of this information.

Advances in Cost Calculation Techniques: Analyzing Modern Approaches in Large Enterprises in Albania

Advances in Cost Calculation Techniques: Analyzing Modern Approaches in Large Enterprises in Albania
(Advances in Cost Calculation Techniques: Analyzing Modern Approaches in Large Enterprises in Albania)

Author(s):Altin Idrizi, Elena Idrizi
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:109-121
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:accounting; cost calculation techniques; Activity-Based Costing (ABC); Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC); target costing
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores how large enterprises in Albania are adopting and implementing modern cost calculation methods to address the demands of a dynamic business environment. It discusses their effectiveness and challenges, focusing on advanced techniques like Activity-Based Costing (ABC), Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC), Lean Accounting, and Target Costing. These methods are evaluated for their role in enhancing cost transparency, supporting strategic decision-making, and improving overall business performance. Through comprehensive statistical analyses and case studies, the study highlights the relationship between these methods and their perceived success in achieving operational efficiency and financial sustainability. Furthermore, it examines the unique challenges encountered by Albanian enterprises, such as organizational resistance to change, limited technical expertise, inadequate financial resources, and regulatory constraints. The research also proposes actionable recommendations to overcome these barriers, including targeted training programs, technology integration, and fostering a culture of innovation. By addressing these aspects, the study provides valuable insights into cost management practices in transitional economies, aiming to support enterprises in enhancing their competitiveness and achieving sustainable growth. This work contributes significantly to the academic discourse on cost accounting and its practical implications in emerging markets.

Accounting Aspects of the New Bulgarian Legislation in the Field of Crypto-Assets

Accounting Aspects of the New Bulgarian Legislation in the Field of Crypto-Assets
(Accounting Aspects of the New Bulgarian Legislation in the Field of Crypto-Assets)

Author(s):Borislav Boyanov
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, National Economy, Political Theory, Governance, Politics and law, Financial Markets, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:122-139
No. of Pages:18
Keywords:crypto-assets; MiCa regulation; LCAM; accounting reporting
Summary/Abstract:This article examines certain nuances of crypto-asset markets legislation that broadly recognize the existence, role, and place of crypto-assets in economic prosperity and wellbeing on an international level. The supranational legalization of crypto-assets seriously increases the interest and use of crypto-assets by businesses globally. The acquisition and use of crypto-assets in the operations of enterprises creates new impetus for the further development of accounting regulations and models for the reporting and presentation of crypto-assets in financial statements. The object of research in this article are crypto-assets as an evolutionary new type of enterprise resources. The subject of the study covers entirely the new legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Bulgaria in the field of regulation of crypto-asset markets. The aim of the article is to examine the current accounting aspects of cryptoassets and to outline the possible prospects for their current accounting and presentation in financial statements through a critical analysis of the key structural determinants of the new economic and financial regulatory environment. The methodological toolkit of the research includes the use of the deductive approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, the study and observation, comparative analysis, analogy and modelling. The restrictive conditions of the study cover the regulatory framework of crypto-assets, defined on the one hand by MiCa regulation and Bulgarian Law on Crypto-Asset Markets (LCAM), and on the other hand by the applicable IFRS and the NAS as of November 2024.

Преходът на страните – членки на ЕС към съвременен модел за финансово отчитане в публичния сектор за подобряване качеството на счетоводната информация

Преходът на страните – членки на ЕС към съвременен модел за финансово отчитане в публичния сектор за подобряване качеството на счетоводната информация
(Transition of EU Member States to Modern Financial Reporting In Public Sector for Enhanced Accounting Quality)

Author(s):Radka Andasarova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:140-156
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:financial accounting; public sector; financial reporting framework; financial reporting basis
Summary/Abstract:The concept of sustainable development presents significant challenges for national governments, requiring the integration of economic, social, and environmental practices into the management of public sector entities. A key issue is the increasing importance of high-quality accounting information to meet society’s demands for accountability and transparency, while ensuring the effective, efficient, and economical use of public resources with minimal environmental impact. This study aims to assess ways to enhance the quality of accounting information in General Purpose Financial Reports (GPFRs) by analyzing the financial reporting frameworks applied in the public sector of EU member states. Deviations from the qualitative characteristics of information outlined in the Conceptual Framework for International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) significantly limit the usefulness of accounting information. Consequently, this weakens its role as a foundation for decisionmaking and for ensuring governmental and public sector accountability.

Особености при регулиране на възнагражденията във финансовите институции по смисъла на насоките на ЕБО (Европейския банков орган)

Особености при регулиране на възнагражденията във финансовите институции по смисъла на насоките на ЕБО (Европейския банков орган)
(Peculiarities of Regulating Remuneration in Financial Institutions within the Scope of the EBA (European Banking Authority) Guidelines)

Author(s):Todor Shopov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:157-168
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:remuneration policy; remuneration regulation; bonus cap; banking regulation
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the importance of remuneration policies implemented in financial institutions and specific challenges in their prudent regulation. The institution’s remuneration policy for all staff should be consistent with the objectives of the institution’s risk strategy, including objectives related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks. The use of a variable remuneration system motivates management staff, but at the same time may incentivize excessive risk-taking behavior. The European Banking Authority’s guidelines on prudent remuneration policies are designed to limit risk-taking behaviour without hindering the competitive ability of financial institutions to attract and retain staff. The report outlines key successes, identified shortcomings and potential opportunities for improving prudential requirements related to remuneration. Regarding the introduced maximum ratio between variable and fixed remuneration, insufficient evidence has yet been identified to draw definitive conclusions about its impact on competitiveness, financial stability and employees working for subsidiaries located outside the European economic market.

Remote Auditing – Best Practices, Pros And Cons

Remote Auditing – Best Practices, Pros And Cons
(Remote Auditing – Best Practices, Pros And Cons)

Author(s):Iavor Bachev
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:169-176
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:audit; audit practices; remote audit
Summary/Abstract:During and after the COVID-19 outbreak, enterprises were obliged to transition to socalled remote working environments at work. Auditors had to adjust to the changing work environment, and remote auditing became a component of the new method of working. This shift has resulted not only in new obstacles, but also in opportunity to improve auditing procedures and establish best practices in remote auditing. This study delves into various features of remote auditing including pros and cons and summarizes the best research practices used by auditors that can be applied to such audits. Auditor skills have not remained the same the pandemic and the need to perform audits remotely has provided skills to manage both stakeholders and the audit process more effectively and efficiently in the remote environment. There is no one-size fits-all-approach to performing a successful remote audit. Traditional steps such assessing the best audit approach and methodology approach need to be combined with continuous adaptation in order to provide the value that the organizations need. Leveraging technology, building stakeholder relationships and ensuring that the evidence gathered is accurate and sufficient for the audit tests are example of best practices that can be utilized by auditors.

Приложение на финансовия анализ при анализ на риска от несъстоятелност

Приложение на финансовия анализ при анализ на риска от несъстоятелност
(Application of Financial Analysis in the Analysis of Insolvency Risk)

Author(s):Tsvetomir Manolov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:177-190
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:analysis; risk; insolvency; models; financial ratios
Summary/Abstract:Insolvency risk analysis has important implications for a company's counterparties. However, there is a lack of consensus in both the global and Bulgarian literature regarding how it should be conducted. The vast majority of authors tend to develop risk analysis models that often do not take into account the specificities of the industries and economies in which the enterprises operate. This publication attempts to present some of the existing models for insolvency risk analysis, focusing on the key indicators that should be used in this analysis.

The Importance of Risk Assessment in Independent Financial Audit

The Importance of Risk Assessment in Independent Financial Audit
(The Importance of Risk Assessment in Independent Financial Audit)

Author(s):Plamena Nedyalkova
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:191-202
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:assessment; risk; audit; independent audit
Summary/Abstract:Independent financial audit is an activity that has always sought to guarantee the quality of the information presented in the financial statements of enterprises. Thus, over the years, auditors have managed to build a strong public trust in their audit work and the opinion they present to the public, through/with the help of the audit report they have prepared. Independent financial audit can be considered a caribristika, with the help of which historical facts and events are rediscovered, and many economic – political, and social events are explained. At the same time, all auditing activity, no matter how well established it is in terms of procedures and stages of performance, is accordingly susceptible to the influence and impact of various risks on which the final audit opinion depends. For this reason, the purpose of this report is to present the importance of risk assessment in deriving the final audit opinion.

Взаимовръзка между ESG рейтинг и цена на капитала на компанията

Взаимовръзка между ESG рейтинг и цена на капитала на компанията
(Relationship Between ESG Rating and the Cost of Capital of the Company)

Author(s):Ralitsa Dimitrova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Management and complex organizations, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:203-217
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:sustainable finance; cost of capital; ESG; capital structure
Summary/Abstract:In the focus of the new regulatory framework, public companies must strive to best manage ESG risks and opportunities, but also to be sustainable organizations that have a positive impact on society and reduce their environmental footprint. ESG ratings play an increasingly important role for investors and in promoting confidence in sustainable investments. Investors are increasingly using them as part of their sustainable investment strategies to take into account the risks and/or impacts related to ESG issues. The report examines the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings and the cost of capital of a company. Existing empirical research is reviewed and the conclusion is drawn that companies need to increase their ESG ratings if they want to continue to attract funds from investors in the future, especially at low cost.

Правната уредба на криптоактивите през призмата на първия български проект на Закон за пазарите на криптоактиви

Правната уредба на криптоактивите през призмата на първия български проект на Закон за пазарите на криптоактиви
(The Legal Framework of Cryptoassets through the Lens of the First Bulgarian Draft Cryptoasset Markets Act)

Author(s):Suleyman Bashov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Political Theory, Governance, Politics and law, Financial Markets
Page Range:218-234
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:Cryptoassets; MiCA; draft law; Bulgarian legislation
Summary/Abstract:The report analyzes the first Bulgarian draft of the Cryptoasset Markets Act (CAMA), submitted for discussion in the National Assembly at the end of 2024. The draft aims to adapt national legislation to the European legal framework established by the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA). Its primary role is to specify the mechanisms for oversight and control by defining the powers of the national competent authorities. The main part of the report examines the regulatory models for cryptoassets under MiCA and the prepared draft of the CAMA. The analysis shows that although the CAMA fulfills its purpose, some of the proposed measures raise questions about legal certainty and the proportionality of the intervention in contrast to the requirements of MiCA. It is recommended that the provisions be further refined to ensure a balance between regulatory effectiveness and the protection of market participants.

Финансова устойчивост на многопрофилните болници за активно лечение

Финансова устойчивост на многопрофилните болници за активно лечение
(Financial Sustainability of Multiprofile Hospitals for Active Treatment)

Author(s):Galina Sabcheva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Management and complex organizations, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:235-253
No. of Pages:19
Keywords:private hospitals; financial sustainability; financial analysis; data envelopment analysis; statistical significance
Summary/Abstract:The limited opportunities for private multiprofile hospitals for active treatment to access additional financing for their activities are the basis for the need to maintain an appropriate level of financial sustainability. This report aims to propose an approach for assessing the level of financial sustainability of private multiprofile hospitals for active treatment by applying a linear optimization model. Based on the discussed in the literature absolute indicators for assessing financial sustainability, basic financial coefficients are argued to be applied in the mathematical model. An output-oriented multiplicative data envelopment model is applied based on variable returns to scale. It is calculated an integral indicator of financial sustainability is. It has acceptable values for only 3 hospitals of a total 48 covered by research. For the remaining 45 medical institutions, the estimates are categorized as extremely low. To confirm the statistical significance of the applied approach correlation and regression analysis supplement the empirical study of the proposed variables indicators. The statistical significance of the applied model is confirmed. The proposed research methodology can be applied to other sectors of the national economy.

Accounting System of Judiciary

Accounting System of Judiciary
(Accounting System of Judiciary)

Author(s):Teodora Zlatanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Public Administration, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:254-266
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:accounting system; models; judicial authorities
Summary/Abstract:This report examines the specifics of the accounting system of the judicial authorities in the Republic of Bulgaria – courts, prosecution (incl. investigation departments) and presents the basic elements of its organizational structure in compliance with the existing legislation and applicable practices. The aim of this report is to show that there are unused opportunities for improving the accounting system in the management of judicial activity in Bulgaria as a structural element of the public sector of the country.

Новите стандарти за обмен на отчетни данни – предимства и предизвикателства

Новите стандарти за обмен на отчетни данни – предимства и предизвикателства
(The New Standards for the Exchange of Reporting Data – Advantages and Challenges)

Author(s):Ilonka Deneva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:267-282
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:standardized information exchange; dpm-models; validation; taxonomy
Summary/Abstract:The new standards for the exchange of accounting data come up on the principles, methods and functions of accounting knowledge as an element of science and are a reflection of the developed society. They are literally a 'language' for standardized information exchange that implies the use of a 'vocabulary', 'structure' and 'rules' to organize and present the data available in a consistent, comparable and computer-readable form. The presentation of data from financial statements in the XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) format and in the unified format based on the Standard Audit File for tax purposes SAF-T (Standard Audit File-Tax, v.2.0) are a qualitative leap in the process of processing the data. Automating the acquisition, validation and taxonomy of data through software offers a more efficient handling of risk management (at national and European level), reducing the administrative burden for business and administration. Co-effects such as cost reduction, while improving data quality, interconnection and comparability through their global standardization accelerates the processes of spreading the use of models. At the same time, the realization of these benefits also meets new challenges in front of science, the technologically development and moral norms of society. The price for their introduction, the technical capacity for timely and correct implementation, as well as the transfer from the existing system to the new one, are part of them. Developments in economic science and changes in accounting standards necessitate updates to the taxonomy introduced by institutions such as the ECB and the EBA. These changes also hinder the global functioning of the new models due to the updating of taxonomic units with their characteristics, which leads to the appearance of errors.

Характерни особености на Lean методологията

Характерни особености на Lean методологията
(Characteristics of the Lean Methodology)

Author(s):Petko Ganchev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:283-295
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Lean methodology; analysis; effective; income; costs
Summary/Abstract:In this scientific report, we examine the characteristics of the Lean methodology, by performing an analysis and synthesis of the proposed tools and the benefits of their use and applying the approaches – deduction (from the general to the particular) and induction (from the particular to the general). The Lean methodology is based on the efficiency of resources, they are of strategic importance for the competitiveness of the enterprise. It is characterized by management accounting and economy of the enterprise's resources – materials, people, partnerships, processes and time, adding value through the effectiveness and efficiency of the processes in the enterprise. The processes cover all aspects of a manufacturing enterprise, contributing to the reduction of the resources used.

Проблеми на обучението по счетоводство в дигитална среда

Проблеми на обучението по счетоводство в дигитална среда
(Challenges of Accounting Education in a Digital Environment)

Author(s):Zheneta Karavasileva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Sociology of Education, Distance learning / e-learning
Page Range:296-305
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:training; digital environment; accounting
Summary/Abstract:I have been working in the field of distance learning in UNWE – Sofia for over twenty years. The problems that arise in order to build good and useful distance learning for teachers and students often stem from the inability to handle the selected educational software and the lack of understanding of how to prepare educational materials for publication so that they are quickly accessible and easily understandable by students and pupils. The professionalism of teachers in a distance form is not only the academic mastery of This text will not focus on the various platforms or electronic modules for training, because the questions raised are fundamental for the preparation and publication of educational materials in a web environment. The distance form of training is increasingly being established as a way of teaching in academic communities. Accounting is a science that will always resonate with new teaching methods from specialized textbooks to the complete digitalization of the learning process. In a social aspect, accounting, as a science, is the economic reflection of sustainable development. The sustainability accounting system is used in relation to the impact on society and the environment.

The Impact of AI on IFRS: Enhancing Financial Reporting and Compliance

The Impact of AI on IFRS: Enhancing Financial Reporting and Compliance
(The Impact of AI on IFRS: Enhancing Financial Reporting and Compliance)

Author(s):Galia Mancheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:306-315
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:artificial Intelligence; IFRS; financial reporting; machine learning; natural language processing; robotic process automation; compliance; auditing; technology in finance
Summary/Abstract:Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the way businesses manage financial data, and its impact on the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is profound. This paper explores the role of AI in enhancing financial reporting and ensuring compliance with IFRS. It examines AI-driven technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and robotic process automation that aid in improving the accuracy, efficiency, and transparency of financial reporting. The paper is based on the hypothesis that AI will improve the accuracy and consistency of financial reporting, reducing human errors and enhancing the reliability of financial statements. Additionally, it discusses challenges related to data security, ethical concerns, and regulatory compliance that may arise with the integration of AI in financial practices. By analyzing the benefits and potential risks, the study provides insights into how AI can reshape financial reporting and regulatory compliance in the digital age.

The Social Reporting Process In Italian Health Care Companies

The Social Reporting Process In Italian Health Care Companies
(The Social Reporting Process In Italian Health Care Companies)

Author(s):Mirko Mozzillo
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Civil Society, Sociology, Welfare systems, Health and medicine and law, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:316-327
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:sustainability; social reporting; healthcare; Italy
Summary/Abstract:Social reporting is an integral part of the broader topic of corporate economic and financial reporting and has the task of complying with the principle of transparency, which citizens increasingly demand. This is especially important in the health sector, as every citizen needs to be informed which health facility, they are entrusting their care to. The social balance sheet is a tool through which a healthcare organization wishes to communicate its corporate values and activities to its stakeholders, making the company's objectives, the actions planned and implemented, the resources employed, and the objectives achieved transparent and clear. Social reporting in the public sector takes on different meanings and logics. In the public company, management is oriented towards social satisfaction and the pursuit of economic, patrimonial and financial equilibrium. Social reporting, therefore, represents the most complete and effective form of representation of overall company performance (Marcuccio, 2002). In the health sector, on the other hand, disseminating the social report is understood as an attempt to respond to the growing information needs and support the articulated system of institutional and environmental relations in which the health company is embedded (Oasi Report, 2006).

Strategic Management Accounting: an Analytical Framework of its Techniques

Strategic Management Accounting: an Analytical Framework of its Techniques
(Strategic Management Accounting: an Analytical Framework of its Techniques)

Author(s):Ejona Duçi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Methodology and research technology, Evaluation research, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:328-343
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:accounting; management accounting practices; strategic cost management; strategic management accounting; strategic management accounting techniques; techniques
Summary/Abstract:The paper aims to study the definition of Strategic Management Accounting and its techniques. The report demonstrates the scope of the main strategic management accounting techniques and cost management accounting techniques. Those techniques suggested in the extant literature are critically analyzed and synthesized. This paper aims to provide a background and definition of the techniques used for managerial accounting and then present their development in the strategic management accounting approach. The way these techniques have changed over the years and how they have influenced economic development. Various authors have mentioned strategic management accounting techniques, and each has given a possible classification. But even though different authors have written, there is still no well-designed structure according to them. The methodology used in this paper is descriptive, according to the literature review about this field of study and especially the related topic. The paper’s objective is to provide a structure of these techniques depending on their function. Also, to identify the most prospective plans for the large businesses in terms of managing their performance related to competitors, market competition, customers, costs, and operation activities. The paper summarizes by dividing those techniques according to their applications and emphasizing their challenges toward their competitive positioning. The report concludes that strategic management accounting techniques are beneficial and have an essential impact on business development. Some of these techniques are well known, but others are unknown by different organizations. This paper will demonstrate a proper structure of all the strategic management accounting techniques, which will be helpful for the future.

Current Trends in Accountability and Social Reporting: The National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate Case

Current Trends in Accountability and Social Reporting: The National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate Case
(Current Trends in Accountability and Social Reporting: The National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate Case)

Author(s):Naomi De Francesco
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Governance, Security and defense, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:344-350
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:accountability; social reporting; judicial system; National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate; transparency; institutional governance; Italy
Summary/Abstract:The UN's 2030 Agenda and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) 2021- 2026 signal a transformative era for the public sector. The evolution of accountability and social reporting within the judiciary aims to improve effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency and foster dialogue with society. This article investigates the implementation of socio-environmental and sustainability reporting practices in Italian judicial offices, specifically the National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate (NAAD). The research reveals that cultural barriers and organizational resistance are fundamental challenges in implementing social reporting within the NAAD. By examining these aspects and their impact on accountability practices, the study aims to provide insights for future exploration. Understanding the cultural dynamics and organizational structures that impede or facilitate social reporting is essential to ensuring effective communication and transparency within the judicial sector.

За необходимостта от усъвършенстване на приложимата в Република България нормативна уредба за изготвяне на финансови отчети с общо предназначение при неприложимост на концепцията за действащо предприятие

За необходимостта от усъвършенстване на приложимата в Република България нормативна уредба за изготвяне на финансови отчети с общо предназначение при неприложимост на концепцията за действащо предприятие
(On the Need to Improve the Regulatory Framework Applicable in the Republic of Bulgaria for the Preparation of General-Purpose Financial Statements When the Going Concern Assumption is Inapplicable)

Author(s):Vladimir Hristov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Economic policy, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:351-363
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:going concern; liquidation; insolvency; general purpose financial statements
Summary/Abstract:This report provides a critical analysis of the accounting regulatory framework for liquidation and insolvency in the Republic of Bulgaria. It highlights the inadequacy of the current legal framework and its inability to fulfil its primary objective of producing general-purpose financial statements. The proposals for reforms aimed at creating a modern legal framework that is aligned with contemporary requirements for presenting information in general-purpose financial statements that is useful to users have been systematised.

Основни аспекти на отчетността и одита на докладите за устойчивост

Основни аспекти на отчетността и одита на докладите за устойчивост
(Main Aspects of Sustainability Reporting and Assurance)

Author(s):Georgy Stoianov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Economic development, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:364-374
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:non-financial reporting; sustainability report; audit of non-financial information; system of internal control
Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the main aspects of non-financial reporting by the companies, regulatory requirements, changes in the internal control system, and processes for collecting and analysing non-financial data. The sustainability objectives that companies assess and track, and the effects of non-financial reporting on companies. The second aspect of the paper looks at the key audit objectives and targets in relation to sustainability new material for registered auditors. Reporting by auditors and the benefits of ESG auditing on company performance.

Artificial Intelligence Transforming Finance? Cargill Strategic Integration of Gen AI

Artificial Intelligence Transforming Finance? Cargill Strategic Integration of Gen AI
(Artificial Intelligence Transforming Finance? Cargill Strategic Integration of Gen AI)

Author(s):Nadezhda Dancheva-Zhekova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:375-387
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:artificial intelligence; transformation; accounting; strategy
Summary/Abstract:This document examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and generative AI (Gen AI) on the finance and accounting profession, focusing on Cargill's strategic integration of these technologies. It highlights the shift from traditional accounting practices to AI-driven processes that enhance efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making. AI and Gen AI are revolutionizing tasks such as data analysis, predictive modeling, and content generation. These technologies streamline routine tasks, allowing accountants to focus on higher-value analytical work, which requires new skills and presents challenges like data security, legacy system integration, and employee adaptation. The integration of AI raises ethical and operational issues, including data security, regulatory compliance, and the need for transparency and accountability in AI-driven decisions. Companies must address biases in AI algorithms and ensure fair treatment of employees affected by automation. Cargill's AI strategy aims to optimize financial processes, enhance decision-making, and align finance capabilities with business outcomes. This involves establishing a robust data infrastructure, developing process taxonomies, and implementing a global control framework. Cargill's GenAI journey is divided into four phases: Explore, Augment, Accelerate & Automate, and Industrialize, each focusing on different aspects of AI integration, from experimentation to full-scale implementation. Continuous innovation is emphasized, with a focus on fostering a culture of experimentation and staying informed about the latest AI developments. The document underscores the inevitability of AI in accounting and advocates for proactive adaptation to maintain a competitive edge, redefining the role of accounting professionals as strategic advisors and innovators.

Automation in Cargill’s Accounting Through Implementation of ERP Systems

Automation in Cargill’s Accounting Through Implementation of ERP Systems
(Automation in Cargill’s Accounting Through Implementation of ERP Systems)

Author(s):Todor Kasov, Boris Vatralev
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:388-400
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:accounting, automation; ERP; inventory; compliance
Summary/Abstract:This thesis investigates the implementation of ERP SAP automation within the accounting departments of Cargill and ANH, emphasizing the improvements in process efficiency and adherence to accounting standards. The study addresses the challenges encountered during the transition, the solutions applied, and the quantifiable benefits realized. The automation of routine accounting tasks, such as data entry, invoice processing, and reconciliation, significantly reduced manual errors and increased processing speed. The introduction of real-time financial reporting provided immediate access to financial data, facilitating quicker decision-making and more accurate financial forecasting. The standardization of accounting procedures across all departments ensured consistency and compliance with international accounting standards (IAS) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Additionally, the system maintained a comprehensive audit trail, enhancing transparency and simplifying audits and regulatory compliance. The benefits to Cargill ANH were substantial. Automation led to a reduction in labor costs and minimized the risk of costly errors. The accuracy of financial records improved due to standardized processes and real-time data access. Enhanced decision-making was supported by the availability of accurate and timely financial information, which aided in better strategic planning and operational decisions.

Дигитални тенденции в счетоводството и влиянието им върху счетоводната система на предприятията

Дигитални тенденции в счетоводството и влиянието им върху счетоводната система на предприятията
(Digital Trends in Accounting and Their Impact on the Accounting System of the Enterprises)

Author(s):Boyko Dolenski
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:401-407
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:digitization; digitalization; digital transformation; digital trends; accounting
Summary/Abstract:In recent years, digitalization has imposed radical changes in almost every aspect of business, including accounting. New technologies are changing the way companies manage the processes of producing financial information, improving the efficiency and accuracy of accounting information and offering new opportunities for analysis and decision-making. This report will examine the main digital trends in accounting and their impact on the accounting system of companies.

Общи изисквания за оповестяване на финансова информация за устойчивост съгласно МСФО S1

Общи изисквания за оповестяване на финансова информация за устойчивост съгласно МСФО S1
(General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability – Related Financial Information in Compliance with IFRS S1)

Author(s):Gabriela Dimcheva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Economic policy, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:408-417
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:International Financial Reporting Standards; accounting rules; accounting postulates
Summary/Abstract:The paper researches the general requirements of the issued on 26 June 2023 IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability – related Financial Information, which is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024. It is conducted qualitative scientific research. As a result, are observed the similarities between IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability – related Financial Information and the applicable International Financial Reporting Standards as well as the applicable Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability – related Financial Information plays a significant role in accounting regulations due to its compatibility with International Financial Reporting Standards. As a result, the financial information of general purpose financial reports establishes its added value.

Нов поглед върху доходността на бизнеса

Нов поглед върху доходността на бизнеса
(A New Look at Business Profitability)

Author(s):Bojidar Nachev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:418-429
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:business profitability; return on invested capital; economic value added; cash flow return on investment; cash value added
Summary/Abstract:The report provides a brief presentation of the two existing approaches to analyzing and assessing business profitability – the conventional approach and the value-based approach. Regarding the first approach, the main profitability measures (ROA and ROE) are explained and the organization of the analysis in two directions is presented – comparative analysis and factor analysis. Regarding the second approach, the two most popular models are presented and explained: Bennett Stewart’s model for Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) and Economic Value Added (EVA); HOLT Value Associates LP’s model for Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI) and Cash Value Added (CVA). The advantages of these models compared to conventional profitability measures and the benefits for financial analysts and other stakeholders are explained. Conclusions are drawn as a result of comparing the capabilities of the two presented analysis approaches.

Изисквания за оповестявания съгласно МСФО 17 в годишните финансови отчети на застрахователите

Изисквания за оповестявания съгласно МСФО 17 в годишните финансови отчети на застрахователите
(Disclosure Requirements under IFRS 17 in the Annual Financial Statements of Insurers)

Author(s):Velichka Simeonova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:430-441
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:IFRS 17; insurer; disclosure requirements; financial statements
Summary/Abstract:As entities of public interest, insurers prepare their annual financial statements in accordance with a specific regulatory framework. Effective from January 1, 2023, IFRS 17 „Insurance Contracts“ has significantly changed the accounting practices. In addition to the accounting treatment, IFRS 17 „Insurance Contracts“ introduces several disclosure requirements in the annual financial statements of insurers. The primary goal of these disclosures is to provide users of the annual financial statements with the most accurate, precise, and correct representation. The disclosures made in the annual financial statements under IFRS 17 allow for transparency regarding the creation of accounting information and provide additional details on certain accounting data. The subject of this study is the accounting activities and financial statements of insurers, focusing on the disclosure requirements in the annual financial statements and the information they provide. The methodology used includes the review and analysis of public data on the main types of accounting documents, the processing procedure, assumptions made, valuation methods used, the preparation of the annual financial statement, and the analysis of disclosures made therein in accordance with IFRS 17 „Insurance Contracts“. The main conclusion of the conducted research is that the disclosures in accordance with IFRS 17 „Insurance Contracts“ enable users of the annual financial statements of insurers to understand the valuation methods used, the assumptions made, and additional explanations of accounting information that are of significant importance to the respective insurance company.

Analyzing Going Concern Disclosures in Statutory Financial Statements through Text Mining: The Case of General Electric

Analyzing Going Concern Disclosures in Statutory Financial Statements through Text Mining: The Case of General Electric
(Analyzing Going Concern Disclosures in Statutory Financial Statements through Text Mining: The Case of General Electric)

Author(s):Georgi Hristov
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:442-456
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:going concern; text mining; disclosures; US GAAP; IFRS
Summary/Abstract:This study explores the use of text mining to analyze going concern disclosures in General Electric’s consolidated financial statements from 2018 to 2023. By examining the frequency and co-occurrence of terms like „bankruptcy risk“ and „liquidity risk“ under US GAAP and IFRS, we assess whether text mining can identify financial distress signals and align with formal going concern opinions. Both frameworks provide limited direct references to „going concern“ and related risks, with marginal occurrences in IFRS disclosures and virtually none in US GAAP. While IFRS includes slightly more explicit mentions of „going concern“, the differences are not substantial. The results show an increasing frequency of financial distress terms, yet minimal changes in the formal going concern opinion. This highlights the limitations of text mining alone and calls for refined methods in financial statement analysis.

Съвременни проблеми на документирането на трансферното ценообразуване в България като държава – членка на Европейския съюз

Съвременни проблеми на документирането на трансферното ценообразуване в България като държава – членка на Европейския съюз
(Contemporary Problems of Transfer Pricing Documentation in Bulgaria as a Member of the European Union)

Author(s):Dimitrinka Urumova-Lunin
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Economic policy, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Accounting - Business Administration, EU-Legislation
Page Range:457-473
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:transfer prices; transfer pricing documentation; related parties transactions
Summary/Abstract:The paper clarifies the role and importance of transfer pricing documentation in Bulgaria in the current conditions of globalization. Some important topical issues of transfer pricing in theoretical-methodological and applied aspects are discussed. The results of an empirical study – a survey among practitioners dealing with transfer pricing are presented and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the benefits for taxable persons and tax administrations in Bulgaria and in other EU member states that can be achieved through the provisions of the EU Transfer Pricing Directive.

История на счетоводството

История на счетоводството
(The History of Accounting)

Author(s):Katya Evtimova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):History, Economy, Economic history, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:474-487
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:accounting in Antiquity; accounting in the Middle Ages; accounting in modern civilization; double-entry accounting
Summary/Abstract:The history of accounting is rich and interesting. Тhe history of the accounting reflects the impact of economic, social and cultural factors in society development, as well as additionally the pulse of economics, the spiritual achievements and the characteristics of the era.

Развитие на застрахователното дело в България в светлината на счетоводното познание

Развитие на застрахователното дело в България в светлината на счетоводното познание
(Evolution of the Bulgarian Insurance Activity in the Light of Accounting Knowledge)

Author(s):Nadya Koteva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:488-501
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:evolution; insurance; accounting; accounting reporting
Summary/Abstract:Back in the centuries and until nowadays, insurance has protected the interests of man in all aspects of his life. This study summarizes the evolution of insurance in Bulgaria in the time range from Liberation to the present day. The individual stages through which the national economy passes during the considered period have been successively analysed. Emphasis is placed on the specific legislative and regulatory norms applicable to the accounting of enterprises in the insurance sector. The focus of the research is on the current trends and will have the biggest impact on insurer accounting in the coming years.

Специфични оповестявания в докладите за устойчиво развитие на застрахователните компании

Специфични оповестявания в докладите за устойчиво развитие на застрахователните компании
(Specific Disclosures in Insurance Companies' Sustainability Reports)

Author(s):Simeon Grigorov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Accounting - Business Administration, EU-Legislation
Page Range:502-514
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:insurance companies; sustainable development; financial statements
Summary/Abstract:Insurance companies continuously increase their competitiveness by maintaining effective management systems. They successfully participate in the new digital ecosystems by modeling and optimizing forecasts to cover the new business risks arising as a result of climate change in all sectors of the economy. New sustainability reporting requirements from insurance companies and increased accountability of their governing bodies require them to disclose adequate, comprehensive and comparable information in separate sustainability reports on their impact on the environment, social and corporate governance (the three elements of sustainability ESG). ESG reporting has an effect not only on the economy, as a whole, but also on the insurance of each business against the emergence of new insurance risks. The financial statements of insurance companies must contain information about their success in dealing with climate change and their environmental and social impacts.

Economic and Social Sustainability in Italy: Including People with Disabilities from School to Work. An Overview

Economic and Social Sustainability in Italy: Including People with Disabilities from School to Work. An Overview
(Economic and Social Sustainability in Italy: Including People with Disabilities from School to Work. An Overview)

Author(s):Sabrina Barone
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Economic policy, Developing nations, Social development, Family and social welfare, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:515-527
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:inclusion; disability; social-economic sustainability; school; work; Italy; inclusion policies
Summary/Abstract:Including people with disabilities is a crucial economic and social sustainability issue in Italy. Education and access to employment are fundamental pillars that guarantee equal opportunities and promote an inclusive society. This study offers an overview of current policies and practices for including persons with disabilities, from school to work. The main objective is to analyse the strategies and initiatives adopted in Italy to favour the inclusion of people with disabilities in school and work contexts. The work aims to identify the main challenges and opportunities, providing recommendations to improve the effectiveness of inclusion policies. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on a review of the existing literature and the author’s direct observation of some concrete experiences. The information gathered is critically analysed to identify recurring themes and best practices in the field of inclusion. The study’s outcomes guide policymakers, educators and employers in improving inclusion practices. The social implications are relevant, as effective inclusion of people with disabilities can reduce inequalities, promote employment and improve quality of life, contributing to social and economic sustainability. The study’s main limitation is its predominantly descriptive and bibliographic nature, which may not fully represent the variety of experiences. This study stands out for its integrated vision, linking inclusion pathways from school to work, and its in-depth analysis of current practices in Italy. It offers a critical and comprehensive overview, a basis for further research and developing more effective policies.

Финансови отчети и финансови доклади в условията на дигитализация в публичния сектор

Финансови отчети и финансови доклади в условията на дигитализация в публичния сектор
(Differences Between Financial Statements and Financial Reports in Terms of Digitalization in the Public Sector)

Author(s):Viktoriya Ivanova, Stanislav Peychev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Public Administration, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Public Finances, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:528-540
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:public sector accounting; financial statements; financial reports; digitalization; budget organizations
Summary/Abstract:In the field of accounting, there are two closely related concepts, which are quite often misused – financial statements and financial reports. The study aims to clarify the meaning and scope of these terms in the context of public sector accounting, as well as to highlight the main differences between them. The impact of digitalization and digital transformation on the processes of preparation and disclosure of financial statements and reports is also examined. By analyzing technological developments, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how digitalization affects financial reporting in the public sector.

Standardization and Harmonization in Accounting and Auditing through Digitalization

Standardization and Harmonization in Accounting and Auditing through Digitalization
(Standardization and Harmonization in Accounting and Auditing through Digitalization)

Author(s):Velina Dimitrova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:541-553
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:digitalisation; leasing; International Financial Reporting Standards; auditing, accounting
Summary/Abstract:Retrospective analysis of the reporting of leases in the enterprises and on this basis to highlight the differences with the applicable accounting and audit procedures. The focus of the analysis will be IFRS 16 Leases. What forced the changes in the standard from IAS 17 Leases to IFRS 16 Leases. Further on it will review the accounting of a right of use asset under IFRS 16 Leases and the audit procedures. The audit procedures revised in this article will concern the substantive procedures as currently they face heavy digitalisation and automation to make the work more efficient and precise. In addition, the article will show which and what kind of leases fall under the scope of the new standard IFRS 16 Leases. Along with that it will showcase how the digitalisation and AI can further improve the analysis of the IFRS 16 Leases and how can the technology advancements aid the audit and accounting process of the leases. What issues will be posed in extending the technological analysis into the procedures and how will it hold to the test of time.

Красиви моменти от конференцията

Красиви моменти от конференцията
(Beautiful Moments from the Conference)

Author(s):Author Not Specified
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Essay|Book Review |Scientific Life, Scientific Life
Page Range:554-558
No. of Pages:5

Поздравителни адреси

Поздравителни адреси
(Congratulatory Addresses)

Author(s):Author Not Specified
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Essay|Book Review |Scientific Life, Scientific Life
Page Range:559-590
No. of Pages:32

Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Case of Bulgaria

Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Case of Bulgaria (Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Case of Bulgaria)

Корупционна среда и преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България за периода 2000 – 2023 г.

Корупционна среда и преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България за периода 2000 – 2023 г. (Corruption Environment, Foreign Direct Investment and Public Attitude)

Дигиталното счетоводство и изкуственият интелект: новите стандарти в управлението на бизнеса

Дигиталното счетоводство и изкуственият интелект: новите стандарти в управлението на бизнеса (Digital Accounting and Artificial Intelligence: The New Standards in Business Management)

Information Base for Analyzing the Financial Sources of Organic Farming in Bulgaria

Information Base for Analyzing the Financial Sources of Organic Farming in Bulgaria (Information Base for Analyzing the Financial Sources of Organic Farming in Bulgaria)

Does Public Spending Affect Inflation – Evidence for Bulgaria?

Does Public Spending Affect Inflation – Evidence for Bulgaria? (Does Public Spending Affect Inflation – Evidence for Bulgaria?)

Показатели за устойчиво развитие

Показатели за устойчиво развитие (Sustainable Development Indicators)

Internal Reporting and Accounting Treatment of Claims in Insurance Companies

Internal Reporting and Accounting Treatment of Claims in Insurance Companies (Internal Reporting and Accounting Treatment of Claims in Insurance Companies)

Advances in Cost Calculation Techniques: Analyzing Modern Approaches in Large Enterprises in Albania

Advances in Cost Calculation Techniques: Analyzing Modern Approaches in Large Enterprises in Albania (Advances in Cost Calculation Techniques: Analyzing Modern Approaches in Large Enterprises in Albania)

Accounting Aspects of the New Bulgarian Legislation in the Field of Crypto-Assets

Accounting Aspects of the New Bulgarian Legislation in the Field of Crypto-Assets (Accounting Aspects of the New Bulgarian Legislation in the Field of Crypto-Assets)

Преходът на страните – членки на ЕС към съвременен модел за финансово отчитане в публичния сектор за подобряване качеството на счетоводната информация

Особености при регулиране на възнагражденията във финансовите институции по смисъла на насоките на ЕБО (Европейския банков орган)

Remote Auditing – Best Practices, Pros And Cons

Remote Auditing – Best Practices, Pros And Cons (Remote Auditing – Best Practices, Pros And Cons)

Приложение на финансовия анализ при анализ на риска от несъстоятелност

Приложение на финансовия анализ при анализ на риска от несъстоятелност (Application of Financial Analysis in the Analysis of Insolvency Risk)

The Importance of Risk Assessment in Independent Financial Audit

The Importance of Risk Assessment in Independent Financial Audit (The Importance of Risk Assessment in Independent Financial Audit)

Взаимовръзка между ESG рейтинг и цена на капитала на компанията

Взаимовръзка между ESG рейтинг и цена на капитала на компанията (Relationship Between ESG Rating and the Cost of Capital of the Company)

Правната уредба на криптоактивите през призмата на първия български проект на Закон за пазарите на криптоактиви

Финансова устойчивост на многопрофилните болници за активно лечение

Финансова устойчивост на многопрофилните болници за активно лечение (Financial Sustainability of Multiprofile Hospitals for Active Treatment)

Accounting System of Judiciary

Accounting System of Judiciary (Accounting System of Judiciary)

Новите стандарти за обмен на отчетни данни – предимства и предизвикателства

Новите стандарти за обмен на отчетни данни – предимства и предизвикателства (The New Standards for the Exchange of Reporting Data – Advantages and Challenges)

Характерни особености на Lean методологията

Характерни особености на Lean методологията (Characteristics of the Lean Methodology)

Проблеми на обучението по счетоводство в дигитална среда

Проблеми на обучението по счетоводство в дигитална среда (Challenges of Accounting Education in a Digital Environment)

The Impact of AI on IFRS: Enhancing Financial Reporting and Compliance

The Impact of AI on IFRS: Enhancing Financial Reporting and Compliance (The Impact of AI on IFRS: Enhancing Financial Reporting and Compliance)

The Social Reporting Process In Italian Health Care Companies

The Social Reporting Process In Italian Health Care Companies (The Social Reporting Process In Italian Health Care Companies)

Strategic Management Accounting: an Analytical Framework of its Techniques

Strategic Management Accounting: an Analytical Framework of its Techniques (Strategic Management Accounting: an Analytical Framework of its Techniques)

Current Trends in Accountability and Social Reporting: The National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate Case

Current Trends in Accountability and Social Reporting: The National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate Case (Current Trends in Accountability and Social Reporting: The National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate Case)

Основни аспекти на отчетността и одита на докладите за устойчивост

Основни аспекти на отчетността и одита на докладите за устойчивост (Main Aspects of Sustainability Reporting and Assurance)

Artificial Intelligence Transforming Finance? Cargill Strategic Integration of Gen AI

Artificial Intelligence Transforming Finance? Cargill Strategic Integration of Gen AI (Artificial Intelligence Transforming Finance? Cargill Strategic Integration of Gen AI)

Automation in Cargill’s Accounting Through Implementation of ERP Systems

Automation in Cargill’s Accounting Through Implementation of ERP Systems (Automation in Cargill’s Accounting Through Implementation of ERP Systems)

Дигитални тенденции в счетоводството и влиянието им върху счетоводната система на предприятията

Дигитални тенденции в счетоводството и влиянието им върху счетоводната система на предприятията (Digital Trends in Accounting and Their Impact on the Accounting System of the Enterprises)

Общи изисквания за оповестяване на финансова информация за устойчивост съгласно МСФО S1

Общи изисквания за оповестяване на финансова информация за устойчивост съгласно МСФО S1 (General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability – Related Financial Information in Compliance with IFRS S1)

Нов поглед върху доходността на бизнеса

Нов поглед върху доходността на бизнеса (A New Look at Business Profitability)

Изисквания за оповестявания съгласно МСФО 17 в годишните финансови отчети на застрахователите

Изисквания за оповестявания съгласно МСФО 17 в годишните финансови отчети на застрахователите (Disclosure Requirements under IFRS 17 in the Annual Financial Statements of Insurers)

Analyzing Going Concern Disclosures in Statutory Financial Statements through Text Mining: The Case of General Electric

Analyzing Going Concern Disclosures in Statutory Financial Statements through Text Mining: The Case of General Electric (Analyzing Going Concern Disclosures in Statutory Financial Statements through Text Mining: The Case of General Electric)

Съвременни проблеми на документирането на трансферното ценообразуване в България като държава – членка на Европейския съюз

История на счетоводството

История на счетоводството (The History of Accounting)

Развитие на застрахователното дело в България в светлината на счетоводното познание

Развитие на застрахователното дело в България в светлината на счетоводното познание (Evolution of the Bulgarian Insurance Activity in the Light of Accounting Knowledge)

Специфични оповестявания в докладите за устойчиво развитие на застрахователните компании

Специфични оповестявания в докладите за устойчиво развитие на застрахователните компании (Specific Disclosures in Insurance Companies' Sustainability Reports)

Economic and Social Sustainability in Italy: Including People with Disabilities from School to Work. An Overview

Economic and Social Sustainability in Italy: Including People with Disabilities from School to Work. An Overview (Economic and Social Sustainability in Italy: Including People with Disabilities from School to Work. An Overview)

Финансови отчети и финансови доклади в условията на дигитализация в публичния сектор

Финансови отчети и финансови доклади в условията на дигитализация в публичния сектор (Differences Between Financial Statements and Financial Reports in Terms of Digitalization in the Public Sector)

Standardization and Harmonization in Accounting and Auditing through Digitalization

Standardization and Harmonization in Accounting and Auditing through Digitalization (Standardization and Harmonization in Accounting and Auditing through Digitalization)

Красиви моменти от конференцията

Красиви моменти от конференцията (Beautiful Moments from the Conference)

Поздравителни адреси

Поздравителни адреси (Congratulatory Addresses)

Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Case of Bulgaria
(Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Case of Bulgaria)

Корупционна среда и преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България за периода 2000 – 2023 г.
(Corruption Environment, Foreign Direct Investment and Public Attitude)

Дигиталното счетоводство и изкуственият интелект: новите стандарти в управлението на бизнеса
(Digital Accounting and Artificial Intelligence: The New Standards in Business Management)

Information Base for Analyzing the Financial Sources of Organic Farming in Bulgaria
(Information Base for Analyzing the Financial Sources of Organic Farming in Bulgaria)

Does Public Spending Affect Inflation – Evidence for Bulgaria?
(Does Public Spending Affect Inflation – Evidence for Bulgaria?)

Показатели за устойчиво развитие
(Sustainable Development Indicators)

Internal Reporting and Accounting Treatment of Claims in Insurance Companies
(Internal Reporting and Accounting Treatment of Claims in Insurance Companies)

Advances in Cost Calculation Techniques: Analyzing Modern Approaches in Large Enterprises in Albania
(Advances in Cost Calculation Techniques: Analyzing Modern Approaches in Large Enterprises in Albania)

Accounting Aspects of the New Bulgarian Legislation in the Field of Crypto-Assets
(Accounting Aspects of the New Bulgarian Legislation in the Field of Crypto-Assets)

Remote Auditing – Best Practices, Pros And Cons
(Remote Auditing – Best Practices, Pros And Cons)

Приложение на финансовия анализ при анализ на риска от несъстоятелност
(Application of Financial Analysis in the Analysis of Insolvency Risk)

The Importance of Risk Assessment in Independent Financial Audit
(The Importance of Risk Assessment in Independent Financial Audit)

Взаимовръзка между ESG рейтинг и цена на капитала на компанията
(Relationship Between ESG Rating and the Cost of Capital of the Company)

Финансова устойчивост на многопрофилните болници за активно лечение
(Financial Sustainability of Multiprofile Hospitals for Active Treatment)

Accounting System of Judiciary
(Accounting System of Judiciary)

Новите стандарти за обмен на отчетни данни – предимства и предизвикателства
(The New Standards for the Exchange of Reporting Data – Advantages and Challenges)

Характерни особености на Lean методологията
(Characteristics of the Lean Methodology)

Проблеми на обучението по счетоводство в дигитална среда
(Challenges of Accounting Education in a Digital Environment)

The Impact of AI on IFRS: Enhancing Financial Reporting and Compliance
(The Impact of AI on IFRS: Enhancing Financial Reporting and Compliance)

The Social Reporting Process In Italian Health Care Companies
(The Social Reporting Process In Italian Health Care Companies)

Strategic Management Accounting: an Analytical Framework of its Techniques
(Strategic Management Accounting: an Analytical Framework of its Techniques)

Current Trends in Accountability and Social Reporting: The National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate Case
(Current Trends in Accountability and Social Reporting: The National Anti-Mafia and Anti-Terrorism Directorate Case)

Основни аспекти на отчетността и одита на докладите за устойчивост
(Main Aspects of Sustainability Reporting and Assurance)

Artificial Intelligence Transforming Finance? Cargill Strategic Integration of Gen AI
(Artificial Intelligence Transforming Finance? Cargill Strategic Integration of Gen AI)

Automation in Cargill’s Accounting Through Implementation of ERP Systems
(Automation in Cargill’s Accounting Through Implementation of ERP Systems)

Дигитални тенденции в счетоводството и влиянието им върху счетоводната система на предприятията
(Digital Trends in Accounting and Their Impact on the Accounting System of the Enterprises)

Общи изисквания за оповестяване на финансова информация за устойчивост съгласно МСФО S1
(General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability – Related Financial Information in Compliance with IFRS S1)

Нов поглед върху доходността на бизнеса
(A New Look at Business Profitability)

Изисквания за оповестявания съгласно МСФО 17 в годишните финансови отчети на застрахователите
(Disclosure Requirements under IFRS 17 in the Annual Financial Statements of Insurers)

Analyzing Going Concern Disclosures in Statutory Financial Statements through Text Mining: The Case of General Electric
(Analyzing Going Concern Disclosures in Statutory Financial Statements through Text Mining: The Case of General Electric)

История на счетоводството
(The History of Accounting)

Развитие на застрахователното дело в България в светлината на счетоводното познание
(Evolution of the Bulgarian Insurance Activity in the Light of Accounting Knowledge)

Специфични оповестявания в докладите за устойчиво развитие на застрахователните компании
(Specific Disclosures in Insurance Companies' Sustainability Reports)

Economic and Social Sustainability in Italy: Including People with Disabilities from School to Work. An Overview
(Economic and Social Sustainability in Italy: Including People with Disabilities from School to Work. An Overview)

Финансови отчети и финансови доклади в условията на дигитализация в публичния сектор
(Differences Between Financial Statements and Financial Reports in Terms of Digitalization in the Public Sector)

Standardization and Harmonization in Accounting and Auditing through Digitalization
(Standardization and Harmonization in Accounting and Auditing through Digitalization)

Красиви моменти от конференцията
(Beautiful Moments from the Conference)

Поздравителни адреси
(Congratulatory Addresses)