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Reflection on the concept of “the norm” in speech-language therapy / Rozważania nad normą w logopedii

Author(s): Olga Jauer-Niworowska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 11/2022

The article discusses various concepts of the norm in speech-language therapy. The aim of the article is to present the complexity of the topic. The author considers various determinants of linguistic and communicative behaviour in the verbal form and the related methods of describing the norm. The essential requirement for correct diagnosis and therapy of persons with speech disorders of various aetiologies is knowledge and experience sufficient to determine the meaning of individual terms designating the disorders, taking into account interdisciplinary methods of defining the norm. This explains also the importance of ensuring proper standards of education allowing to perform independent, correct and reliable diagnosis and speech-language therapy.

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Mai dire basta alla pasta. Il discorso delle diete dimagranti nel periodico italiano per uomini “For Men Magazine” (2013—2022)

Author(s): Joanna Ozimska / Language(s): Italian Issue: 34/2022

Using the tools of rhetoric and critical discourse analysis, the paper describes the discourse of slimming diets in the Italian men’s magazine “For Men”. The study covered 49 monthly issues published in 2013—2022. The research has shown the presence of numerous persuasive techniques based on building the credibility of theses presented to the readers (mostly using the argument of authority). There are numerous references to popular topoi that increase the competitiveness of the proposed nutritional regimes. Some techniques influencing the emotions of readers were used to a lesser extent. The discourse of diets is present in every issue of the magazine under study, and much space is devoted to it, creating the impression that it is an important and interesting topic for contemporary Italian readers (permanent columns present). In addition, phenomena such as scientization and medicalization of nutrition, fragmentation of the male body were observed. Many of the examples cited could be found in the Italian women’s press published about 15 years ago.

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Les items à facettes — le cas du nom journal

Author(s): Magdalena Perz / Language(s): French Issue: 34/2022

The aim of this article is to examine the difficulties faced by any analysis of lexical meaning. This study concerns the French noun journal and the diversity of interpretative effects. Magdalena Perz investigates different approaches adopted by linguists—notion of lexical facets, dense metonymy when analysing semantic complexity of certain words. The problems of word senses and word sense description are vividly discussed, yet there are still many questions, such as relations between linguistics forms and extralinguistic reality to be answered in this field of research. The major problem arising from polysemy is the precise distinction between polysemy, metonymy and various theoretical tools developed in the field of lexical semantics.

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Лексикални средства за манипулативно въздействие в немското и българското медийно пространство в условията на COVID-19

Author(s): Milena Ivanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,German Issue: 3/2021

The article discusses the lexical means for manipulative influence in the German and Bulgarian media space in the conditions of COVID-19. The body of the study includes examples excerpted from media texts published on a total of 100 (50 German and 50 Bulgarian) websites. The analyzed media texts are articles in which speeches and comments of leading scientists, politicians and patients are integrated. The study is based on the contrastive approach and focuses on the pair of languages Bulgarian and German. The comparison of the used lexical means allows conclusions about their frequency, degree of manipulativeness and significance for the construction of opinion in society and its management in the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Речникът на COVID-19

Author(s): Dzvenyslava-Khrystyna Saienko,Marko Gladiš / Language(s): Slovak,English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

Humanity has crashed into a reality it was not prepared for; therefore, it needs to find ways to make those events explicit and eventually communicate them. This has enforced the need for creating numerous linguistic elements that could most adequately signify the extralinguistic phenomena. This paper tries to present such newly established linguistic phenomena during the COVID-19 pandemic in several discussion areas – medicine, science, mass media, and daily life. The focus is mainly on the modes by which those social areas try to communicate their messages in the public sphere. The article is based on research on Bulgarian and Slovak online media.

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Approaches to Teaching Agreement and Disagreement in Selected Coursebook Series

Author(s): Silvie Válková,Jana Kořínková / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2023

The article focuses on the explicit teaching of language used to express agreement and disagreement in the popular English language coursebooks English File and Navigate. It reviews the current research on teaching various aspects of polite language and politenesssensitive speech acts and analyses and compares the explicitly taught phrases of agreement and disagreement in the two selected coursebook series, as well as the methods of their presentation and the amount of background theoretical information provided to students and teachers to facilitate their proper usage. Differences were identified not in the inventories and language representation of the explicitly taught phrases, but mainly in the background support available for students and teachers on their usage.

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Българската политическа реч в балкански и славянски контекст

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article studies in comparative plan the displays of speech aggression in Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Greek, Serbian and Croatian language. Analyzed are identical example that clearly show the tendencies to verbal aggression and the use of language cliches as well. Presented are lexical and topical groups that unite most typical means of expression for nomination of offence, intolerance to different human features and acts/manifestations? The idea of this initial study is to form a context for comparative research of the main linguistic characteristics of the political speech. Not only to outline the similar elements but also to unfold the scales of the dissimilarities. Both these factors are directly related to the social and economic status of the countries, to the built up or not political culture, to the attitude towards language literacy and the speech etiquette in official communication.

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Урбаноніми у рекламних текстах фармацевтичних препаратів як джерело вивчення історії міста Одеси

Author(s): Svitlana Nasakina / Language(s): English,Ukrainian Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with the functioning of urbanonyms in pharmaceuticals advertising texts. The purpose of the article is the defining the specifics of the urbanonyms functioning in pharmaceuticals advertising texts. It is presented a brief description of urbanonyms in different historical periods. It is proved that urbanonyms serve as the additional source of historical documents, they promote disclosure of advertising text’s ideas. It is rather nominally created urbanonyms classification in pharmaceuticals advertising texts, according to which the following urbanonyms groups are presented: 1) outstanding persons in Odessa or the country; 2) the names of other cities; 3) the names of nations; 4) famous scientists, 5) writers. It is eliminated nominative, information and advertising, cultural and symbolic functions of urbanonyms in pharmaceuticals advertising texts.

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Psihopatija – operativni sustav političke pozornice digitalne kulture

Author(s): Leo Katunarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 22/2023

Modern political interfaces are increasingly using linguistic circuits that call for the reshaping of reality instead of traditional promises to upgrade the collective vision of reality. Discourse is renewed by registers from the performance interface, especially artistic performance, which naturally creates a reality intertwined with realities. The culture of deliberately created fake news, the deep unreal, and the canceled culture positions digital culture as an extension of traditional human social tools to create closed circles of ideologizing reality. There is a new discourse at work, archiving data as objects to which metadata is attached as, for example, a public performance pattern. Once activated, such objects can act in human physical reality by playing the role of public performance. In reality, they are like the language structure used by psychopaths or sociopathic groups. It is a language without an original and a goal, a language of constant adaptation to the action of creating and maintaining an interface in which the psychopath could function smoothly. That is why there is an interesting emergence of new forms of artistic performance, such as nft (non-fugitive token) that use both human and digital, bitchain, interfaces to stop the constant collapse of reality into its own instability. Is this a subversion that is always expected in situations where the system is petrified and how is it that such an action occurs as a machine-produced artistic language?

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Brisanje kao jezik uspostave post-humane kulture (Izbrisano u Muzeju suvremene umjetnosti Zagreb 2022.)

Author(s): Leo Katunarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 22/2023

Our age of digital culture is an explosion of the language of performance and spectacle, and the circulation of self-regulating meanings in all communicative social channels. The claim that identity is performance is long out of date. We have now turned the identity implementation into a manipulation object. For centuries, artists have used the language of theatricalization, excess, multi-layered meaning, and considered subversion a prerequisite for their performance. Such a register is everyday today. Could that be why the linguistic register of scientific research, the discourse of cold laboratory analysis, can become the artistic language of performance of the new era. Is our present-day subversion of the hallucinatory system of data expansion performed in the language of scientific research? The wild dance of the shaman was translated into the language of programming and analysis. I started such a new possible reality of artistic identity as a scientific research, and ended as an artistic project of polyphonic form performed in the Zagreb Museum of Contemporary Art. The project was developed with the language codes of a scientific laboratory through which a human performer negotiates with the machine gods to perform a common identity.

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Tracing the Impact of the Digital Virtual Ludic on Immersive Theatre: A Case of Theatre Gamification

Author(s): Dimitrios Charitos,Eleni Timplalexi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Immersive theatre, a theatrical form emerging at the beginning of the 21st century, invites spectators to become immersed in interactive theatre performances. The use of the term immersive indicates a strong influence from digital media, particularly from virtual worlds (VWs). Immersive theatre and VWs appear to share characteristics. A systematic comparative approach tracing the presence of characteristics shared by immersive theatre and VWs (i.e., virtuality, worldliness, information intensity), among others, still unique to VWs (i.e., agency, ergodicity), reveals that immersive theatre has assimilated some VWs characteristics while still being in the process of negotiating others. The paradigm of pervasive games is brought into the conversation to claim immersive theatre as a partially successful case of theatre gamification, revising theatrical and dramatic conventions, towards what could be called a digitally and ludically inspired neo-dramatic. New intermedial forms of expression could benefit from the adoption of a game/play frame.

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The Role of Digital Marketing in the Esports Industry

Author(s): Radoslav Baltezarević,Radoslav Baltezarević,Vesna Baltezarević,Vesna Baltezarević,Ivana Baltezarević,Ivana Baltezarević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The eSports industry, supported by the accelerated development of digital technologies, is becoming more and more interesting to companies, as a potential place where products and services can be advertised. Given that consumers, who follow or actively engage in playing digital games and eSports, are mostly younger men, digital marketing strategies seem like a logical choice. This paper provides several theoretical viewpoints on the function of digital marketing in the industry of eSports. The authors attempted to make this topic more accessible to professionals with expertise in this field by assessing the views of 113 respondents and highlighting the possible advantages of adopting digital marketing in the eSports industry. The aim of this study is to show that companies should focus on promoting brands on digital platforms dedicated to eSports, because such activities, which are intended for players and audiences, are generally acceptable activities of business entities. Also, when carrying out brand promotion on these platforms, it is advisable to hire credible eSports influencers on social media to recommend their brands, and ultimately, to support the spread of eWOM about the company’s brand.

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Gaining New Insights into Professional Knowledge in Digital Game Art by Taking a Design Perspective

Author(s): Dave Hawey / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Although artists contribute a great deal to what digital game players see on the screen, there is a marked absence in the literature of direct studies of artists working in digital game development. We stress the need to understand these artists’ professional knowledge in a rich and contextualized manner, and beyond technical expertise. In this paper, we describe the design process carried out by an experienced technical artist during game preproduction. We report findings gained through ethnography/shadowing at the Montreal-based Red Barrels studio. We refer to pragmatist and constructivist theories of professional design practice to make sense of its reflective, collaborative, situated, and transactional aspects. This paper draws conclusions on three ideas: (1) the benefits of using design theory to examine design-like reflective skills in game art practice; (2) the utility of qualitative methods to construct a thorough, holistic, and contextualized understanding of professional practice, and (3) how a richer, more elaborate understanding of ‘design’ in game development points to a need for further research on the sociocultural aspects of game experience design.

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Beyond laughter and smiles:

Author(s): Bageshree Ramdas Bageshwar,Shahila Zafar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Amid the deluge of serious social media posts regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, humorous posts brought users much-needed respite. This article reviews studies on social media-based COVID-19 humour in 42 research articles that were selected from four databases, viz. Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science. After the classification and analysis of the articles on the basis of some key features, a detailed description and discussion of the findings have been carried out. The results concerning the characteristics and functions of COVID-19 humour reveal that most studies investigated image-text memes; the most important feature found was ‘humour’, in addition to others like sarcasm, irony, satire, criticism, juxtaposition, and locality. Intertextuality played a significant role in the structure of humorous posts, especially those related to specific countries. Additionally, it shows that although research on COVID-19 humour on social media is still in an early phase, several findings appear stable across various studies included in this review. Moreover, most humour studied is not only about the virus or the disease itself, but also focuses on absurd situations individuals found themselves in due to the pandemic and the lockdown that followed.

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Laughing at political opponents:

Author(s): Orest Semotiuk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the discursive dimension of the standoff between supporters of 6th Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and those of his predecessor Petro Poroshenko. This dimension is implemented in Internet memes as one of the forms of political satire. Memes can be defined by their goals, frame of reference and means. The discursive practices used in memes aiming at the symbolic defamation of a political opponent and his electoral base are considered, taking into account the target, the focus, and the presentation of political satire about the protagonists Zelensky and Poroshenko. The corresponding parameters (goal-target, frame of reference-focus, means-presentation) constitute the analytical framework for the examination of the interrelations between political participation, political humour, political satire, and political discourse in this paper.

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Медиа – ресурсы как инструмент когнитивной войны

Author(s): Elena Zlateva / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2023

At present, in the era of the information society, one of the key tasks for the preservation of statehood is to ensure the security of the individual and society in the context of a cognitive war. The concept of security is multifaceted, so it is necessary to clearly define its methodological boundaries, including in them the informational aspect associated with cognitive warfare. Today, when communication technologies are actively developing, the issue of information security and protection against the manipulation of opinions is becoming a particularly relevant and significant social challenge.

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“The General Said”:

Author(s): Desislava Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Times of trial require resorting to new methods for venting up the tension. Internet memes during the first outbreak of the pandemic proved to be the necessary outlet, while, at the same time, provided a platform for the public to share their opinion, albeit in a humorous way, on the measures imposed, the people involved in the fight against the virus, and basically on everything that determined their everyday lives. The latter has been fostered greatly by the fact that humour is a generally relatable phenomenon. At the same time though, it can also be culture specific and some peculiarities of the embedded message can remain hidden for the general public. In order to trace these opposing aspects in the creation of internet memes, the paper analyses a corpus of 84 memes circulated on Facebook and Instagram in the period of 13 March 2020 – 30 May 2020. The subject in all these memes is General Ventsislav Mutafchiyski, who was in charge of the struggle with COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria, and the main methods of analysis are Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Multimodal Discourse Analysis. The focus is on intertextuality and the paper argues that some of the intertextual links used in the creation of the memes might be left misunderstood by the general public due to the specificity of the message carried or the images that have been selected by the authors of these pieces of digital humour. Thus, mediation, i.e. the time needed to decode the message, would be longer for people who are not familiar with the images or ideas used, while smaller for those aware of them. Additionally, the paper argues that the age of the recipients as well as their personal preferences are also of significance for the proper understanding of the message a meme carries. Furthermore, the analysis also proves the fact that although some images might be used simply as a background and do not carry substantial information, without them one cannot understand the full array of ideas the author/ poster of a particular meme is trying to convey.

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Polscy imigranci w Stanach Zjednoczonych wobec konfliktu zbrojnego na Kubie w 1898 r. w świetle prasy polonijnej

Author(s): Daniel Kiper / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2021

This article focuses on the conduct of the soldiers of Polish descent participating in the military action during the American‑Spanish War. The paper begins with the presentation of views on the war expressed in the Polish press published in America and the Polish lands.The main part of the work analyses soldiers’ accounts published in the Polish press released in America and compare them with the media’s depiction of the war presented in the pages of the Polish newspapers and magazines in America. Additionally, the article attempts to establish the motives behind Polish volunteers’ decision to join the American army. It was possible to find the answers to several important research questions such as how the participants of those events perceived themselves as those who fought for the interests of the United States, how they confronted their expectations with reality and how they recalled the war.

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Les reportages du « Strapontin volant » en tant qu’exemple de la littérature mondiale en langue francaise. Le cas de Léon Kochnitzky

Author(s): Agnieszka Kukuryk / Language(s): French Issue: Sp. Iss./2022

This article focuses on the journalistic work of Léon Kochnitzky, who illustrates what has been called “Francophone literature” or more broadly, world literature in French. Our aim is to show that the reportages of this Belgian writer-traveler represent a unique dialogue between creativity and critical reflection, that his often poetic but also humorous chronicles are an excellent contribution to Francophonie. The landscapes he creates, through which cultures communicate with each other, will remind us that poetry lives from its openness to the world and history, and that the interaction between poet, world, and word is an excellent opportunity for mutual enrichment.

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Effects of media on cryptocurrencies prices

Author(s): Ana Todorovska,Hristijan Peshov,Eva Spirovska,Ivan Rusevski,Irena Vodenska,Lubomir Chitkushev,Dimitar Trajanov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Cryptocurrencies present a novel medium of exchange that enables secure financial transactions without a central clearing authority. Billions of dollars are traded on the cryptocurrency market, contributing to the increased importance of cryptocurrencies within the global financial system. The cryptocurrency market is highly volatile and influenced by different social media and other media outlets. This study aims to investigate media influence, assessing the degree and nature of influence. We analyze historical cryptocurrency prices and utilize an NLP model to extract sentiments from the data obtained by social media and other media outlets. We use Time Series Forecasting and Explainable AI models to depict best the influence of media outlets over the cryptocurrency market. We compare the results for the different social media and other media outlets and present the findings that can be used in future research and cryptocurrency price forecasting.

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