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100 de ani de la primul congres al jurnaliștilor din România

Author(s): Marian Petcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2022

This study examines a hundred years since the first journalists’ congress in Romania (1922). The event was a prominent one, due to the debate topics, through the presence of representative participants, and through the projects that were initiated. Freedom of expression, journalists’ relations with political entities, the necessity to unite all professional organizations in a federation, in order to resist the tendencies of political parties to legislate the press, the professional training of journalists –these are some of the topics of the congress.

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11th National Methodological Conference of Media Experts “Virtual: Words, Societies, Identities”

Author(s): Marlena Sztyber,Katarzyna Piórecka / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2021

Conference report: 11th National Methodological Conference of Media Experts “Virtual: Words, Societies, Identities”

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13 актуални медийни бизнес модела в дигиталната епоха – поуките за България

Author(s): Ivo Indzhov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The study seeks an answer to the current problem of the deepening global crisis of classic media business models in the digital age and the need to seek sustainable new forms of financing. This state of the journalistic media, resp. of quality journalism is the result of competition from the Internet and major online platforms, but also from acute financial crises, the most recent one caused by Covid-19. They hit the two market foundations of the media company the hardest – advertising and sales. Financially afflicted media repel citizens and are a direct threat to democracy. Weakened, they fall under external dependence, and cannot control the politicians and those in power; neither can they oppose the viral spread of misinformation and fake news on social media. The main research question is “Is it possible – and in what way – to save the media financially in the digital age?” 13 current media-financing models with an emphasis on digital media have been studied - beyond advertising, classified ads etc., which until recently ensured the well-being of the press and television. Two different media business models were also considered: taz – a successful German left-wing alternative newspaper based on cooperative ownership and a solidary model of attracting readers, and “Capital” – a Bulgarian business-oriented medium that successfully applies new forms of financing. Both editions focus on digital transition. The elements of comparison show that for several reasons the “taz model”, which provides a much more direct and emotional connection with the readership, is not applicable to Bulgaria in the medium term. The main conclusion of the study is that in order to survive in the digital age, journalistic media must have a flexible pluralistic funding model. Depending on the nature of the media, its target groups and the specifics of society, it may contain only part or a wider range of the following main sources of funding: market; state / public funding; structures of civil society and citizens.

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2. kapitola: Komunikácia verzus marketing

Author(s): Štefan Kassay / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2019

Nové komunikačné technológie výrazným spôsobom ovplyvnili trh. Zmena trhu si vyžaduje aj zmenu spôsobu „trhových operácií“. Ak je trh pod enormným komunikačným atakom, potom aj spôsob jeho zvládania (marketing) sa musí zmeniť. Staré spôsoby v nových podmienkach nemôžu byť efektívne. V dnešnom svete, v ktorom vzácnosťou sú zákazníci, a nie produkty, je potrebné klasické marketingové koncepcie znovu premyslieť, novo definovať a rozšíriť tak, aby odrážali túto novú skutočnosť. Hlavným dynamickým faktorom tvorby a implementácie je nová paradigma marketingu opierajúca sa o všadeprítomnú elektronickú konektivitu a interaktivitu medzi podnikmi, zákazníkmi a v rámci sietí spolupracujúcich subjektov.

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2. kapitola: Produkt v kontexte komunikačnej stratégie

Author(s): Štefan Kassay / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2019

Produkt je najzávažnejším, konečným výtvorom určeným na prezentáciu a predaj. Vo všeobecnosti panuje predstava, že produkt je hmotnou ponukou, ale produkt môže mať aj inú podobu. Čokoľvek, čo môžeme ponúknuť na trhu k uspokojeniu nejakej potreby alebo želania, je produktom. Fyzické predmety, služby, zážitky, akcie, osoby, miesta, nehnuteľnosti, informácie a predstavy, sformalizované myšlienky. Avšak produkt má zmysel, iba ak nájde svojho zákazníka, ak podnik produkt ponúkne a zákazník ho kúpi. V komplexnom konkurenčnom prostredí je však predaj produktu nemysliteľný bez komunikačnej podpory. Využívajú sa na to moderné komunikačné prostriedky, ktoré sú samozrejmou súčasťou ponuky produktu, resp. značky.

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2008–2009 m. ekonomikos krizės atspindys žiniasklaidoje ir jo ryšys su realia situacija

Author(s): Vilija Tauraitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 14/2020

The primary goal of this paper is to examine the coverage of the 2008-2009 economic crisis in the Lithuanian online media as well as its relationship to the actual economic situation and perception of media consumers. The theoretical basis for this research is made up of the theories of agenda-setting and framing. The coverage of the media is assessed on the basis of the corpus of economic reporting in 2006–2014 in two Lithuanian media sources, the news agency BNS and DELFI news website, by analysing the volume and the tone of the reports. The coverage in the media is then compared to some statistical economic indicators.The main findings of the paper are the following: 1. The coverage of the crisis in the media reflected rather accurately the actual situation: the fluctuations of the volume of the reports largely followed the timeline of the main events of the crisis. The correlation between the reporting tone and industrial production index as a gauge of the economic situation was rather high, which supports the adequacy of the coverage. The relationship between the reporting and economic indicators was found to be stronger in the case of the BNS than in DELFI. 2. Negative reports were found to be dominating over positive ones. It is partially inevitable due to the context of the crisis, but the effect of the general media negativity bias cannot be ruled out either. 3. During the year of the worst economic situation, the number of the reports of both highly negative and highly positive tone increased, but the volume of the two extremes decreased with the improvement of the economic situation. This might suggest that the media was aiming to counterweight the flow of very negative news during the crisis. 4. On average, the tone of the BNS news agency coverage was more positive than that of DELFI. The factors behind this trend could be the linguistic features of the reporting style (usage of intensifying modal words as well as negatively or positively image-evoking lexis) and the intention to attract attention from the audience. 5. Certain asymmetry was noticed in the public reaction to the coverage of the crisis in the media as media consumers reacted more rapidly and for a longer time period to the deterioration in the reporting tone than to its improvement. 6. The correlation to media coverage was stronger in the case of the consumer sentiment indicator rather than in the case of the indicator for consumer behaviour (retail trade turnover index).It should be noted that the analysis was limited to only two media channels, so the inclusion of other media channels, especially television, could make such research more informative. Further research could include an additional corpus of reports with such keywords as “recession”, “recovery”, “growth”, “unemployment” and similar items. An analysis of the effects of linguistic factors alone on the reporting tone could also provide some interesting insights. Research on the coverage tone in relation to different subjects (economy, companies and political events) could be another valuable addition to the study.

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2016 THE BACKGROUND OF FAKE NEWS: THROUGH WHAT THEORY CAN WE UNDERSTAND THE 2016 US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

Author(s): Ştefan Vlăduţescu,Dan Valeriu Voinea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The study starts from the finding that starting with 2016 in the journalistic, strategic and academic, state and independent media, there are intense, wide and contradictory debates regarding the fake news phenomenon. The present investigation constitutes a composite research: a) it marks the voluntary and / or involuntary contribution of Donald Trump to putting in the agenda of technical, political and theoretical the concerns of fake news and declaring our age as "the age of fake news", b) it asks questions about the possibility of technical and theoretical control of fake news, c) we find that the big theories regarding public opinion and media influence are inapplicable to this social phenomenon and d) ask questions about a potential, future theory that can describe and explain optimally the fake news phenomenon. The working method is complex, combining meta-analytical, comparative procedures and the history of concepts. From the review of the most significant theories of media effects (one step flow, two steps flow, spiral of silence and agenda-setting with its "forms" - framing and priming) it appears that most of them have been elaborated by following close observation of some electoral campaigns: except for the spiral of silence it was always about the American presidential campaigns. The bottom line is that these theories cannot give a satisfactory explanation of the fake news phenomenon and the success of Donald Trump's US presidential campaign .As such, it appears necessary in the future to configure a comprehensive theory that a) describes and explains the blow given by Donald Trump and b) evaluates and norms the behaviour of generating fake news. Finally, for a future research the idea that the irradiating core of fake news is a factoid and / or a factlet must be taken into account.

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3. kapitola: Vplyv komunikácie na zmeny nákupného správania

Author(s): Štefan Kassay / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2019

Komunikácia je fenoménom prenikajúcim do každodenného života, vyvolávajúcim zmenu životného štýlu zákazníka i spotrebiteľa. Predovšetkým moderné komunikačné prostriedky majú na spotrebiteľa mimoriadny vplyv. Ten sa odráža v jeho nákupnom správaní. Spotrebiteľ je však stále skúsenejší a citlivejší na kvalitu produktu a cenu a žiada väčší komfort pri nákupe. Poznanie zásadných hlavných faktorov premien a predikovanie správania zákazníka nadobúda čoraz väčší význam aj z hľadiska potreby zdokonaľovania riadenia podniku.

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3. kapitola: Značka ako špecifický komunikačný prostriedok a unikátna identita

Author(s): Štefan Kassay / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2019

Každý produkt, ktorý sa uplatní na trhu, sa môže stať značkou. Musí však spĺňať rad predpokladov. Značka totiž reprezentuje určitú zmluvu so zákazníkom, pretože jej obsahom je očakávaná hodnota pre podnik i pre zákazníka. Vynikajúce značky predstavujú jednu z ciest k trvalej, nadpriemernej ziskovosti. Ich imanentnou vlastnosťou sú emócie i racionalita, čo významným spôsobom ovplyvní zákazníka, zvyšuje jeho záujem a rozhodnutie kúpiť produkt príslušnej značky. Známkou skvelej značky je miera lojality alebo preferencie, ktoré vyvoláva. Značka napovedá, akú kvalitu a vlastnosti môže zákazník od produktu očakávať a akú hodnotu, prípadne aké služby získa za navýšenú cenu prislúchajúcu značke.

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30-second politics, 30 years too late: Political TV advertising in Swedish election campaigns, 2006–2018

Author(s): Marie Grusell,Lars Nord / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2019

Televised political advertising appears in very different national political communication contexts. Sweden is an interesting case study. For many years, political ads on TV were not allowed at all. However, with the transition from analog to digital terrestrial television the public service obligations of the “hybrid” channel TV4 were dismantled. In the 2010 national election campaign, all Swedish parliamentary parties bought advertising time on TV4. This article intends to shed new light on political TV ads as a new campaign feature in a rapidly transforming political communication environment. The study relates to the concept of hybridization of election campaigns and intends to increase knowledge about hybridization processes by focusing on a critical case where one of the most adopted campaign practices worldwide is finally implemented within a specific national context and deviating political culture.

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3D интерактивно мултимедийно съдържание в обучението. Примерен модел за реализация

Author(s): Ivailo Burov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article discusses some components and processes used in the development of interactive multimedia 3d content. The necessity of such content in education is brought out, as well as the possibilities for its application. Obstacles and ways to overcome them are indicated. Popular software products for creating and visualizing high quality 3d models, scenes and levels - commercial and open source are listed. An exemplary general model for building interactive three-dimensional multimedia content is presented.

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4. kapitola: Reklama – posolstvo o podniku a jeho produktoch

Author(s): Štefan Kassay / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

Nové komunikačné technológie a rozvojové trendy spôsobili, že reklama už nemôže byť taká istá ako v minulosti. To ešte viac núti podnik a jeho manažérov zlepšovať komunikačnú kampaň a riadiť ju na vyššej úrovni, integrovať reklamu zameranú na produkty a značky do celkovej komunikácie podniku. To znamená vytvárať a používať nové formy odovzdávania informácií s kvalitnou spätnou väzbou, sledovať účinky reklamy oproti východiskovému stavu a zainteresovať zúčastnených na optimalizácii nákladov spojených s komunikačnou kampaňou.

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5. kapitola: Integrovaná komunikácia

Author(s): Štefan Kassay / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2019

Tradičné prístupy, t. j. využívanie diverziﬁkovaných nástrojov komunikácie a kombinácií komunikačných nástrojov viedlo k tomu, že čím viac boli jednotlivé nástroje používané, tým viac dochádzalo k ich fragmentácii a tým silnejšie rástla potreba integrovanej komunikácie. Ďalším dôvodom integrácie samostatných komunikačných nástrojov bolo stále obťažnejšie meranie ich jednotlivých efektov v komunikačnej kombinácii. V konečnom dôsledku výber komunikačných nástrojov vychádza z premisy, že efektívna komunikácia sa zakladá na integrovanej komunikácii.

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57. Kreutzwaldi päevade teaduslik konverents „Transmeedialised siirded”

Author(s): Kanni Labi,Johanna Ross / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 04/2014

Report on the conference “Transmeedialised siirded” held at Estonian Literary Museum in Tartu from 17th to 18th December 2013.

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95 rokov s rozhlasom a 65 rokov s televíziou na Slovensku

Author(s): Anna Sámelová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3-4/2021

Pomaly sa končiaci rok 2021 je rokom významných výročí zrodu elektronických médií – rozhlasu a televízie – na území Slovenska. Pripomenula si ich aj Katedra žurnalistiky Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave formou kolokviálnej konferencie s príznačným názvom 95 rokov s rozhlasom a 65 rokov s televíziou na Slovensku. Účastníkmi kolokvia boli nielen pedagógovia katedry s predchádzajúcou pracovnou skúsenosťou v rozhlase, televízii či obidvoch médiách, ale aj praktici s dlhoročnou praxou v rozhlasovom a televíznom vysielaní na Slovensku pôsobiaci na rôznych expertných pracovných pozíciách a doktorandi katedry s dizertačným výskumom orientovaným na rozhlasové a televízne vysielanie. Zmyslom kolokviálnej konferencie, ktorá sa uskutočnila 10. novembra 2021 v sídelnej budove Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave, bola vzájomná výmena poznatkov a skúseností medzi akademickou obcou a odborníkmi z praxe.

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A (saját) képmáshoz való jog egyes kérdései a romániai polgári jogi és médiaszabályozásban

Author(s): Zsolt Kokoly / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 32/2017

Protection of personality rights in Romania comprises several legal aspects, ranging from constitutional law to civil law, including copyright law and media law. The right to the protection of one`s own image lies in the framework of personality rights (civil law), the new Civil Code of Romania offering a whole chapter in this regard: freedom of expression, right to privacy, right to dignity and the right to the protection of one`s own image. Art. 73 of the new Civil Code (in effect since 2011) states that a person may prohibit or oppose to any kind of reproduction of his/her physical traits and/or voice, as well as to the use of the latter. Parallel to the right to the protection of one`s own image based on civil law, there is also a layer of protection based on media law, taking into consideration the Audio-visual Law (amended in 2014) as well as in the Code of regulation of audio-visual content (amended in 2017). The fact that the text of the new Civil Code of Romania does not offer a precise definition of the legal notion of the right to one`s own image, the main issue in interpretation is if this right refers only to a person`s physical traits and/or voice, or does it refer in some instances also to aspects of dignity (honor and reputation)? Diverging jurisprudence and the lack of a harmonized legal framework add to the complexity of the problem.

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A Brief Description of Samara Ergonyms

Author(s): Anna Alekseevna Khokhlova / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2022

The purpose of the article is to consider a specific group of ergonyms associated with the regional culture, history, development, and geolocation of the Samara region. The article is aimed at finding out the main characteristic features of the names of enterprises and organizations (ergonyms) in Samara.The author uses descriptive comparative method. To provide the material and examples of ergonym, the methods of association, links and semantic map are used.The provided description makes us think that the regional peculiarities of ergonyms are an essential part of the national-cultural component. It can be realized with the help of the realities associated with geolocation or specific features of the social, cultural, historical, ethnic development of a state and nation as a whole. It can be concluded that modern trends affect the ergonymic space of a city and its ergonymicon. The national-territorial component is capable of performing a parole function. There are certain ergonymic models associated with territorial identity, including abbreviations and acronyms, as well as contaminations of different types.The analysis and the study results of Samara ergonyms are supposed to be a valuable material for investigation of proper names of enterprises, institution, firms etc. There are further prospects for studying a number of onomastic issues. The study results can be useful in solving brand and rebrand problems.

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A Case Study of Douban: Social Network Communities

Author(s): Ho Kiu-Chor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2007

Established since 26th March of 2005, the social network service of "Douban.com" has accumulated 317,532 members by the 16th of November 2006.1 In a nation-wide survey “Web2.0 100 of China Internet Industry”, Douban is being rated as the 3rd largest service provider. With the main features of web2.0 applications, Douban allows its users to contribute to the multiple-media cataloguing system and display their media consumption experiences. This has made it possible for the users to form ever-growing virtual communities within and across the national boundaries of China as well as the Greater China region. This paper aims at exploring the socio-cultural impact of Douban's success and its implication on social networking web applications on Chinese communities. Based on individual users' interests in books, films, music and magazines, the large number of Chinese computer literate users are being connected on the Douban platform. Together they are contributing, sharing, displaying and forming interests groups on the basis of their respective media and cultural experiences. Despite their social differences, users from Hong Kong, mainland China, Taiwan, and all other parts of the world seem to find a space of commonality in Douban and are reconstructing the cultural meaning of their Chinese identities by by an autonomous process to realize an imagined Chinese community online.

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A Case Study of the “San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi D’aragona” Aou on Acceptance or Hesitancy to the Covid-19 Vaccination Campaign, after the Introduction of the Green Digital Pass

Author(s): Giuseppina Cersosimo,G. Moccia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

We aim to articulate the relationships between people's behavior and their vaccination representations according to social characteristics and the role of social media. We conducted our research using questionnaires and content analysis of magazines. Our work underscores how the interconnection among representations, people, experience, doubts about science, and many reiterated ambivalent messages of the media, trigger contradictory positions in most cases. Compared to this, a sociological approach may be useful for identifying the social conditions under which skeptical attitudes towards vaccinations emerge.

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A CDA Approach to Anti-Pandemic Protests

Author(s): Daniela Şorcaru / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

We can definitely say that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed our lives in such a complex way that it may take us a long time to investigate the ever-branching consequences upon all aspects of our existence. It has come with restrictions, impositions and limitations, established by the authorities and meant to keep the pandemic under control. It was only natural for such forced requirements to be met with protest, as opposing what one deems as infringing upon one’s rights and freedoms is still considered to be a basic human right. Yet, as with everything else in this world, the truth is always in-between, at the intricate crossroads of inter-twining concepts such as human rights, freedom of choice, (mass-)manipulation, conspiracy theories, and individual and mass-psychology. When tackling the numerous and diverse protests that have divided the world over restrictions to be observed or over the vaccination process, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) may be regarded as providing a complex view on such matters, revealing the sub-text of what we see and hear nowadays. And let us not forget that, as far as segregation is concerned, one of the oldest tricks in the book reads “Divide et impera!”

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