THE CONCEPT OF VIRTUAL NATIONALISM IN THE DIGITAL AGE: SOCIAL MEDIA PERSPECTIVES OF TURKEY

Author(s): Uğur Gündüz,Burcu Kaya Erdem / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The widespread use of computer-based technologies, mostly the Internet, constitutes a new dimension in the study of virtual nationalism. The use of distance-and time-shrinking information technologies – such as social media, virtual communities and websites of nationalist groups – has changed the structure and context of nationalism as well as the scholarly discourse on related topics in the digital age. Social media enable identity expression, exploration and experimentation; phenomena that are considered natural for the human experience. It is necessary to acknowledge that there are many different factors which inspire and shape the Internet communities and interactions they make within themselves. It is essential to comprehend the motives behind these influences in order to understand the group interactions on social media platforms. In this study the authors focus on the nationalist discourse in virtual communities and on social media; mainly the opposition and resistance manifestations in the cultural and social contexts are discussed. The authors thus offer a set of theoretical outlines on the given topic and base their analysis of some nationalists’ social media posts on the inductive method of inquiry. The study also concentrates on the need to figure out the negative consequences of such social media sharing in relation to various virtual groups and general users.

USING HEURISTIC METHODS IN THE PROCESS OF RETAIL SHOPS PLACEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION EFFECT MAXIMISATION

Author(s): Tomáš Fašiang,Pavel Gežík / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The topic of this empirical study is focused on applying usage of heuristic methods in the process of retail shops placement as a starting point of putting into effect targeted communication of retail shops with a customer in their radius of action. Subsequently, maximisation of communication strategy’s effect is based on appropriate communication with the target market within a limited are a determined by buying stream, which affects the target customers and influences their shopping decisions and the volume of realised purchases in the given retail shop. The study is based on two mutually interconnected levels of related knowledge. On the first level, it deals with an analysis of relationships between selected macroeconomic indicators in the Slovak Republic and points out their direct influence on development of retail takings as a basic economic premise of retail shop functioning. On the second level the authors focus on the specific application of heuristic methodsin the field of optimisation of retail shops placement in the context of maximisation of their radius of action and target group service, in which an ideal precondition for targeted and efficient communication with a customer occurs. The aim of the contribution is to point out, using practical application of heuristic methods ADD and DROP, the optimisation possibilities of retail shops placement with special emphasis on delimitation of direct communication space. The aim of application of the above-mentioned methods is to practically use the outcomes of the realised research and obtained statistical data.

THE ERA OF GLOBAL DISPUTES AND MASS MEDIA DISTORTIONS

Author(s): Eduardo Bittar,Marek Hrubec / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The text focuses on a role which recognition, justice and democracy play in the era of global disputes and massmedia distortions. It deals with problems of misrecognition, injustice and democratic deficit mainly from European and Latin American perspectives, particularly from the points of view of Central Europe and Brazil. It points out the issues of social and political justice, extraterritorial recognition, participation in economic and political democracy, especially concerning international and transnational legal frameworks.

When Man Becomes Machine. The Creation of ‘Symborgs’ in Pop Cultural Universes

Author(s): Ewelina Twardoch / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2013

The aim of the study is to characterize the process of creating ‘symborgs’ in popular culture universes. The author analyzes the ambiguous relationship between human and machine in such productions as: Neon Genesis Evangelion, Pacific Rim, Iron Man, RoboCop and others. In the article are confronted two ways of human being connected with the machine: the ‘external” and ‘internal” ones. The author refers to the concept of technology which is a part of Joanna Zylinska’s and Sarah Kember’s ‘creative media’ project and also to the category of ‘symborg’ formulated by Stelarc. The crucial issue is here also to show the interferences between the imagine world created by popular cultures creators and the real one, to which examples are the phenomenon of Quantified Self community and project Avatar 2045.

Technologized Culture or Cultured Technology? Video Games as a New Form of Storytelling

Author(s): Ewa Drab / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2013

The paper is a brief analysis of the connection between storytelling, the development of technology and video games. The questions asked behind the study are: What is the influence of technological advancements on narratives? What are the new elements which appear in stories of video games? What has been the evolution of storytelling in the field of electronic entertainment? What is the impact of a game genre on video game narratives? What are characteristics of genres which manifest the greatest degree of influence on the in‐game storytelling?

Stereo Vision and the Imaginary Man. The Influence of 3D Technology on the Experience of the Film Viewer

Author(s): Piotr Fortuna / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2013

The article is an attempt to understand the impact of 3D technology on the experience of a contemporary film viewer. The theoretical framework of the analysis is determined by Edgar Morin’s anthropological interpretation of the cinema, which is, however, considerably reinterpreted by the author of the paper. The aesthetic distinctness of stereo vision is particularly appreciated here. Besides, French theoretician’s thesis that “the subjective increase [of image’s value] is a function of its objectivity” is discussed. The author argues that in the case of stereo vision it is just the opposite. He finds reasons for that conclusion in Morin’s book, as well as in the psychology of perception and French phenomenology. Not only does 3D technology weaken the projection-identification process, but it also disturbs the latter, thus interfering with the fundamental mechanisms of the cinema.

Zwrot historyczny. Wstęp

Author(s): Łukasz Biskupski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

Jesteśmy tutaj i gdzie indziej. Magia sceniczna końca XIX wieku a pojawienie się (i zanikanie) wirtualnego obrazu jako korzenie kina

Author(s): Tom Gunning / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

This essay is not only written to widen the prehistory of cinema with the story of magical illusions. Too often, this type of genealogy was limited to enumerating consecutive technological innovations, suggesting a teleological advance leading to the invention of cinema. I rather hope that I draw the attention of researchers dealing with cinema on the longue durée of visual media and on the complex consonance of technology, spectatorship and visual imagery, so important at the end of the 19th century.

Kino atrakcji. Historia, krytyka, mapa i kartoteka

Author(s): Michał Pabiś-Orzeszyna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

In this article I would like to present some reflections on the role played by the “cinema of attractions” in the history of film studies. First part of my essay includes the preliminary description of this idea: its definition, polemical context and change that “cinema of attractions“ brought to the dominant mode of historiographical investigation in the light of so called “Brighton project” and “historical turn”. The aim of the second part is to outline the possible critical comments on “cinema of attraction” mostly rooted in David Bordwell’s and Charles Musser’s writings. In the third part I would like to sketch how those objections can be tempered if we enrich our understanding of “cinema of attraction” with knowledge about the historical – material and intellectual – milieu in which this notion emerged. In this context I propose to see historiographical method conducted by the proponents of “cinema of attraction” (i.e. Tom Gunning, André Gaudreault) in the light of specific version of cinephilia that came to light in New York in the 1970s.

Obrazy wojny japońsko-rosyjskiej. Retytułowanie programów filmowych poświeconych wojnie rosyjsko-japońskiej w Holandii i holenderskich Indiach Wschodnich

Author(s): Dafna Ruppin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

This paper focuses on the production, dissemination and reception of images of the Russo‐Japanese War from an intermedial perspective, examining early cinema as embedded within and engaged in exchanges with other contemporary popular media, in terms of both content and form. Focusing on the case of the Netherlands ‐ by that point in time, a minor imperial power in Asia, relatively neutral in regards to the conflict and, moreover, not a producer of such images but rather a recipient and distributor of ones produced outside its borders ‐ will enable us to examine how images of war were adapted and reframed in order to construct an international news story for Dutch audiences. Furthermore, an overview of the popular visual media circulating at the time in the Netherlands and in the Netherlands Indies will help outline features of the political and cultural exchanges between the colonies and the home country.

Wstęp

Author(s): Aleksandra Drzał-Sierocka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2013

Foreword by Aleksandra Drzał-Sierocka

Jak człowiek stworzył człowieka. Geneza zjawiska sztucznych ludzi w kulturze

Author(s): Piotr Wojciechowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2013

Artificial people are present in every culture and in every period. Even without further analysis it can be seen that not only in fairy tales, my­thology and science­ fiction movies, we find in their presence. This theme is as old as literature. It is at the same time very complex and complicated. It contains the hidden essence of humanity – how artificial people are portrayed, is really a measure of empathy, compassion, respect for the other per­son or tolerance. Whether artificial people are monsters or victims, always ends the same way – burned alive by angry mob, left to oblivion at the bottom of the sea or shot in the street, ar­tificial people are tragic figures. This work tries to answer the question, what is the essence of the phenomenon, what are the roots and what is related to the fact that artificial people are brought to life, regardless of the historical pe­riod or geographical area in which the author lives. It helps to understand the phenomenon, which is the need for people to create their ar­tificial duplicates, and to answer the question, what are the associated fears and concerns and fascinations.

Graffiti w przestrzeni globalnej i lokalnej

Author(s): Agnieszka Schilling / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2013

Graffiti is both a hermetic artistic work and a kind of visual communication. It can be treat­ed either as an independent subculture of writers or as a visual element of the hip­hop subcul­ture. The graffiti artists create a global subcul­ture in which some local characteristics, such as sociolects and microhistories, may be found. Broadening the scope of this phenomenon is connected with its homogenization as well as the hybridization of culture and the imperial­ism of the American cultural models. This ar­ticle is an attempt to explain what graffiti is in the global and local context. It comprises a de­scription of the selected issues, such as globali­zation and commercialization of this phenome­non, its place in the cyberspace and the world of art. This article has been written based on the studies concerning this phenomenon, ethno­logical qualitative research conducted between 2009 and 2011 as well as the currently conduct­ed (since 2011) anthropological research con­cerning the iconography of the contemporary youth subcultures.

Patrząc wstecz. Współczesny dokument wobec PRL-u

Author(s): Julia Banaszewska,Karol Jachymek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

The article concentrates on how PRL images function in Polish documentary cinematography made after 1989. The authors bethink the presence of memories of communist experiences in modern documentaries, differentiating two basic (and characteristic for this period of Polish cinema) tendencies of presenting the images of socialist past: PRL understood as a battlefield and PRL as an object of peculiar nostalgia (or play).

Youtube.Doc. Dokument otwarty na wpisy amatorów.

Author(s): Weronika M. Lewandowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

YouTube can be perceived as a platform for change in many areas of culture, mainly as “an open document” which reveals performative potential for amateur activities. Receivers become senders, involved in different kinds of activities with video: creation of new content, publishing, digitization, comment and criticism. “Viral meme of performativity”, through You Tube, is changing documentary cinema, art, journalism. The aesthetics of post‐production predominates in online creation. On YouTube, we can find videos of various sources and aims. The most performative are streamed and “remixed/alternative version” footages. The performative video is one in which members of the audience take over the role of the author, co‐creating the original interpretative context, temporarily transforming themselves and the visual surroundings in the video act by changing the environment and contributing to other more permanent transformation, often undermining current norms and releasing energy in a creative activity. In this way, by presenting their activities in the network, amateurs shape the new culture; You Tube becomes an interactive video art gallery, a cinema that we all co‐create.

Antropolog jako dokumentalista zaangażowany. O wrocławskiej grupie Cinema Albert Production

Author(s): Iwona Morozow / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

The article discuss a proposition of visual, engaged fieldwork, which the authoress conducts among amateur Wrocław’s film group “Cinema Albert Production”, as an answer to the action research paradigm. The aim of this research is to present the possible role of the anthropologist as a manager and promoter who support the emancipative needs of definite people in dialectical perspective, by using documentary as an tool of possible cooperation and means to ex‐ceed the hermetic, academic discourse.

Food documentary jako oręż żywieniowych aktywistów. O metodach prezentacji światopoglądu w filmach Super Size Me oraz Food, Inc.

Author(s): Aleksandra Drzał-Sierocka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

The issue of food in film has been analyzed in at least a dozen interesting publications. However, a majority of them pertains to feature movies. Although there is a large group of documentaries in which food plots are dominant and there is a popular term food documentary, often using in descriptions and reviews, this type of documentary is still waiting for detail, academic analysis. In the first part of my thesis I shortly describe characteristics of food documentary. Then I concentrate on the analysis of two of them: Super Size Me (2004) by Morgan Spurlock and Food, Inc. (2008) by Robert Kenner. They have some strong similarities, as they both represent socalled food activist documentary. But on the other hand, there are also few important differences.

Street art w świetle teorii autonomicznej sztuki Clementa Greenberga

Author(s): Małgorzata Kowalewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

Street art is a relatively new art form, which its aesthetic categorization still raise some controversy. In this perspective, the author attempts to outline a framework which can be a basis according to which particular works can be interpreted as a “pure” street art. Her reasoning is based on Greenberg’s artistic formalism thesis. This article is an attempt to answer the question on what are the characteristic traits of such art form, and what formal conditions must a work meet to be considered as a “pure” work of street art.

Spory o przestrzeń. Kilka uwag o uczestnictwie w konflikcie

Author(s): Magda Szcześniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

The article deals with the social conflict, which developed around the infamous cross in front of the Presidential Palace in Warsaw. On April 15th 2010, eleven days after the Polish Presidential plane crashed in Smoleńsk, members of the Polish Scout Association placed an approx. ten feet tall wooden cross in front of the Presidential Palace. Initially a place of mourning, soon enough the site became became a space of a political and cultural conflict revolving around the issues of religion and its visibility in public spaces. The dispute about whether the cross should remain outside the Presidential Palace or whether it should be removed, engaged many different types of “publics” and undermined the popular belief in the possibility of a consensus. Drawing on Chantal Mouffe’s and Ernesto Laclau’s theory of radical democracy, the author analyzes the multiple interventions in the “representative” public space in front of the Presidential Palace – of the scouts, who installed the cross; of the so called “defenders of the cross,” who occupied the area around it, once the Presidential Office decided to remove it; of the counter‐demonstrators, who supported the decision to move the cross to a nearby church. Seen as examples of democracy in practice, these interventions also help us to deconstruct such seemingly neutral concepts as the “public sphere,” “public space,” and “common good.”

Konkurencja wyobraźni. Kobiece tabu w reklamie

Author(s): Aleksandra Korczyc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

Throughout this century, the role of women and men in society has changed, and majority of people feel this change is for the better. Is this true? Traditional views of the position of women and men within society are so deeply ingrained. This deep-rooted opinions use media‐ television and they makes and still perpetuates stereotypes. The article present the analysis the role of woman and men in advertising. The quantitative and qualitative analysis is based on TV advertisements taken from 4 TV programmes: TVP1, TVP2, Polsat, TVN. Deep analysis concerns the influence of the presentation gender in the life.