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(M)any Questions? A Comparison of the Use of Questions in Wittgenstein’s first 37 paragraphs of Philosophical Investigations with Austin’s essay “The Meaning of a Word”

Author(s): Blahoslav Fajmon / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Wittgenstein’s approach to philosophy is closely related not only to the content but also to the form of his investigations. The following paper presents the uniqueness of Wittgenstein’s writing style, namely his use of questions, by comparing part of his work with Austin’s essay. For this purpose a typology of questions with regard to their function in the text is established and applied. The difference between Wittgenstein’s and Austin’s writing style is then documented by the frequency of certain types of questions, and omission of others, and related to some of Wittgenstein’s remarks about his approach to philosophical inquiry. The difference is then summarized tentatively as one between “pedagogical” and “academic” writing style, which poses questions concerning the translation of Wittgenstein’s investigations into academic prose.

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(Nie)chronologie choroby. Punktowa obecność obrazu-bólu w Miłości Michaela Hanekego

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(Nie)chronologie choroby. Punktowa obecność obrazu-bólu w Miłości Michaela Hanekego

Author(s): Sebastian Porzuczek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Focusing on Michael Haneke’s Amour, Porzuczek examines the mechanisms of visual (non-linguistic) representations of pain and illness in the realm of the film medium. In the Austrian film director’s work the problem of suffering is inscribed in the order of emotional tensions in family relationships. It is against this backdrop that the question of social (cultural) exclusion emerges. Porzuczek draws on notions such as Roland Barthes’s punctum and Gilles Deleuze’s time-image. Relevant issues are: a) the process of the materialization of time (through slowness) in the representation of daily struggles with illness and b) the specificity of the violent, punctual appearance of a paroxysm – analysed in terms of Porzuczek’s concept of the pain-image, which initiates an ethical (affective) encounter with the image experienced by the viewer.

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(Zlo)upotreba žene u reklamama

Author(s): Ana Marija Dunjić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 15/2010

Advertising as a powerful means of influence on customer’s behavior has great potential of understanding of gender in one’s society. Mostly based on gender stereotypes, advertising uses archetypical patterns to sell advertised product, followed by more or less jokey statements. Even nowadays, when the emancipation of women has reached its full power, we can find commercials which represent women as housewives, in typical roles attached to household or family. We take these commercials for granted because we decode the message form our collective experience. The aim of this work is to show that through decades, starting from the early fifties when advertising has become a profession – gender stereotypes has maintained, even though less than they used to, and traditional understanding of women roles is society is still active, although not as dominant as it was.

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A dekonstrukcije: la différance, pisanje, Derida i „mi”

Author(s): Novica Milić / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

La différance – the difference with an “a” – makes not only one of the key terms of Derrida’s philosophy, but is a keystone of his strategy of deconstruction of the Western metaphysics. What kind of keystone is it, if, according to its inventor, la différance is “neither a concept, nor a word”? In analysing yhis question we try to show Derrida’s contribution both to the institution of philosophy and that of literature, as well as the strange logic of the “and” which links and separates – identifies and differentiates – these two fields of thinking and language.

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A Heritage for the Future: Hawthornesque Unfettering of the „Iron Men“

Author(s): Tihomir Živić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2014

With his Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne really wanted to unfetter the New English Puritan scions, or at least make them think what has morally degraded the “Iron Men” and destroyed a steadfast faith of the primogenitors. Hawthorne’s answer is that they have forgotten to express emotions. The Scarlet Letter thus responds to the hypothetical questions raised by the Puritan Community of the seventeenth-century New England; however, the novel is not directed against the positive traits of the Puritan New Englandism, e.g., discipline, home life, education, etc. Moreover, Hawthorne’s opus has a universal philosophical and moral sense, although its tone is usually mildened by his humanity and subtle humor. All of that enabled Hawthorne’s voice to be keenly heard in the twenty-first century as well.

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A strawberry, an animal cry and a human subject: Where existential semiotics, biosemiotics and relational metaphysics seem to meet one another

Author(s): Katarzyna Machtyl / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The article discusses some semiotic approaches to the relation between nature and culture. Starting with outlining the structuralistic approach to this issue, especially the ideas of Juri Lotman and Algirdas Julien Greimas, the author finds parallels between different views on the relation between the natural world and human beings. First, the juxtaposition of Eero Tarasti’s existential semiotics with selected concepts of biosemiotics is discussed. The following part of the paper is dedicated to Bruno Latour’s ideas on nature–culture relation, hybrids and mediations. Then the author refers to Lotman’s notion of the semiosphere as the common space for all living and inanimate elements. Closing the paper with a return to biosemiotics, the author comes back to Tarasti’s ideas and compares these with some ideas in biosemiotics, paying special attention to the concepts of unpredictability, choice and dynamics. The comparison shows that some intuitions, assumptions and theses of these different scholars turn out to be surprisingly convergent. The author believes that the outlined parallels between Tarasti’s view, Latour’s and Lotman’s concepts, and biosemiotics may be promising for further research, inviting detailed study.

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Cartographies of the mind: Generalization and relevance in cognitive landscapes

Author(s): Sergio Rodríguez Gómez / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The problem of relevance, at individual agent scale – or how we decide what is adequate for our interpretation of the signs we encounter in the world – is a question that keeps reappearing in semiotics and other disciplines concerned with meaning. In this article I propose an approximation on relevance that conceives meaning as a trajectory across a cognitive landscape. Unlike conventional accounts on relevance, which presuppose mental processes built on feature-based representations, my proposal suggests conceiving cognition as a fluid and emergent field of attractors basins that become specified and modified when experiences appear, and conceiving meaning as a trajectory across the cognitive field. Consequently, I suggest that when cognitive landscapes better fit world experience, agents’ categorizations will be more relevant. My proposal is mainly supported by two approaches: the enactivist notion of structural coupling and the theories of dynamic neural populations of Walter Freeman III.

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Dyskursy gier wideo

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2019

Niniejsza książka ma formułować propozycję metodologicznego otwarcia groznawstwa,silnie akcentując rolę dyskursu i narracji już w dwóch tekstach otwierających:„Dyskursywne gry i dyskursy gier” Geralda Voorheesa oraz „Poza mitem i metaforą.Przypadek narracji w mediach cyfrowych” Marie-Laure Ryan. Podkreślenie roli narracjii dyskursu umożliwiło również umocowanie pozostałych rozdziałów książki w dwuwzajemnie się dopełniających paradygmatach: teorii i filozofii (w części zatytułowanej„Teorie”) oraz praktyce hermeneutycznej (w części zatytułowanej „Praktyki”), dostarczającychwspólnie narzędzi do krytycznej wiwisekcji uobecniających się w grachpostaw dyskursywnych oraz narracji o świecie, kulturze, religii, filozofii, teologii, ekonomii,płciowości, rasie czy polityce. (...) Problem dyskursów gier wideo oraz dyskursóww grach wideo ujawnia zatem nie tyle bałagan, co niesłychaną produktywność ujęćbadawczych, nieograniczonych sztywnymi normami pojęć, kategorii czy narzędzi teoretycznych,które równolegle odnajdują w grach wydarzenia, znaczenia, języki, komunikaty,idee, ideologie, hierarchie i struktury władzy oraz wykluczenia. Sploty problemowew grach jako formach komunikacji, tekstach czy obiektach kulturowych skłoniłynas do zastosowania formuły liczby mnogiej w określeniu „dyskursy gier wideo” –tak, by unaocznić zarówno potrzebę pluralizacji perspektyw badawczych, jak i odpowiadającejjej różnorodności uobecniających się w grach narracji o świecie, zarównotym nas otaczającym, jak i tym przez gry wytwarzanym.

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Everything seems so settled here: The conceivability of post-Peircean biosemiotics

Author(s): Claudio Julio Rodríguez Higuera / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

Theory change is a slow, tortuous process. Problems associated with how we communicate ideas and how these ideas are received by our peers become catalysts for change in how we ourselves perceive and sanction what the discipline is capable of doing. Some parts of semiotics, and particularly biosemiotics, have come under critical scrutiny because of their heavy commitment to Peircean philosophy, but at the same time, the contributions of Peircean philosophy are almost impossible to discount. The ripples of this situation are quite visible in the emergence of code biology as a post-semiotic research programme. Yet there is a general balance between those who do not put that much stock in Peircean concepts and those who cannot conceive semiotics without these. This paper will ask whether a biosemiotics after Peirce is possible at all in the sense of acknowledging Peirce’s contributions to the field while also taking to heart the criticisms raised by those skeptical of the implications of Peircean semiotics. While the answer is most likely positive, it depends on what background our concept of meaning relies on and how it may bleed into the other areas of semiotics that biosemiotics may claim a stake on. Being able to discuss potential theoretical distinctions across semiotics while also allowing communication between the areas caught in this differentiation will be crucial for the health of the discipline as the gap between theories becomes more profound.

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General sociolinguistics, social semiotics and semiotics of culture – ex pluribus unum? Forty years after Language as Social Semiotic

Author(s): Suren Zolyan / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The birth of social semiotics is usually associated with the publication of Michael Halliday’s book Language as Social Semiotic (1978). We try to draw attention to possible new developments in social semiotics, which still remain a potential transdisciplinary project for social sciences. In order to do this, we address the interrelation between sociolinguistics, social semiotics and the semiotics of culture. All of these describe mechanisms of meaning production and translation beyond linguistic structures. The differentiation between these workings is based on a distinction between various aspects of meaning production and communication and functional characteristics of goal setting. The complexity of these processes legitimates the complexity of methodology used to describe them. Interconnection between different domains and aspects may create synthetic methods based on the dynamic approach to meaning production and transmission.

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GUSTAVE COURBET’NİN “KARŞILAŞMA-GÜNAYDIN BAY COURBET” ADLI ESERİNDEKİ GÖSTERGELERLE DOĞU KÜLTÜRÜNDEKİ EL ÖPME OLGULARINDAKİ GÖSTERGELERİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Author(s): Necmettin Karabulut,Fatih Daşdemir / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 45/2020

It is observed that artistic creations have started before the ages of history, whilst refreshing themselves throughout the ages and eras via cultural and societal innovations and not compromising from their core principles at the same. Art, which embraces change and alteration, has made its prevailing presence known through a society’s lifestyle, geography, time and faith at all times. Shaping of art through these concepts has laid the groundwork for acquiring an identity for art which could be used as a common language between different cultures. It is possible that the act greeting, a cultural action, can happen with different rituals in many countries and cultures. The meanings of Greeting and hand-kissing rituals in different cultures has . The focus of this paper is on the meaning of the rituals of greetings and hand-kissing and how they are touted in different cultures in a semiotic aspect. A comparison is showcased between greetings in the French artist, who was raised in a western culture, Gustave Courbet’s “Greeting-Good Moring Mr. Courbet” and the hand-kissing the eastern culture, which is a showcase of respect and love. In this work, the concepts of Kissing, Indicators, Semiotics and Culture’s historical process is emphasized through the greetings ritual in Gustave Courbet’s “Meeting” and the culture of Hand Kissing in Eastern Culture. Certain images are added to emphasize and support this paper. This paper lines up with similar works that has come before it in terms of content, at the same time, it shall be a guide to studies that are going to come after it.

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Keepers as social companions: Tactile communication and social enrichment for captive apes

Author(s): Mirko Cerrone / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The article addresses the topic of great ape–keeper tactile communication. The aim of this paper is to understand whether direct physical contact can be considered a source of enrichment for captive apes and whether it could be used to enhance animal welfare in zoos. We make use of a multispecies perspective provided by umwelt theory in an attempt to determine the role of touch in zoological gardens. By referring to Konrad Lorenz, we describe keeper–animal relationships as a special case of companionship, highlighting the role of keepers in apes’ social behaviour. The paper considers social touch as the primary means used by social animals to create and maintain increasingly complex relationships. Since tactile communication in interspecific contexts has been underestimated previously, our theoretical framework allows for a better understanding of physical contact in zoological gardens without assuming an anthropocentric point of view. Our hypothesis is that physical contact with keepers may provide enriching opportunities for social animals and help strengthen the bond between animals and their keepers. We emphasize that ape–animal interactions in zoos need to involve keeper–animal physical contact as a possible means for enhancing the apes’ welfare.

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Learning and knowing as semiosis: Extending the conceptual apparatus of semiotics

Author(s): Cary Campbell,Alin Olteanu,Kalevi Kull / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

If all knowing comes from semiosis, more concepts should be added to the semiotic toolbox. However, semiotic concepts must be defined via other semiotic concepts. We observe an opportunity to advance the state-of-the-art in semiotics by defining concepts of cognitive processes and phenomena via semiotic terms. In particular, we focus on concepts of relevance for theory of knowledge, such as learning, knowing, affordance, scaffolding, resources, competence, memory, and a few others. For these, we provide preliminary definitions from a semiotic perspective, which also explicates their interrelatedness. Redefining these terms this way helps to avoid both physicalism and psychologism, showcasing the epistemological dimensions of environmental situatedness through the semiotic understanding of organisms’ fittedness with their environments. Following our review and presentation of each concept, we briefly discuss the significance of our embedded redefinitions in contributing to a semiotic theory of knowing that has relevance to both the humanities and the life sciences, while not forgetting their relevance to education and psychology, but also social semiotic and multimodality studies.

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PHILOSOPHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF MORRIS’ SEMIOTIC THEORY

Author(s): Miloš Bogdanović / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The subject of this paper is Charles Morris’ semiotic theory that has as one of its major projects the unification of all sciences of signs. However, since the above project has proven to be unsuccessful, we will try to examine here the reasons that led to this. Accordingly, we will argue that to transcend the particularities of individual disciplines that he wanted to unify, Morris had to make certain ontological assumptions, instead of theoretical and methodological ones, that they could share. However, because the ‘sign’ as an ontological category could in our view only be established if we follow the principles of the pragmatic philosophical tradition, we will try to show that the reasons for this failure should be primarily sought in different effects that consistent application of the pragmatic principles has in each of them (primarily in linguistics and the philosophy of language). On the other hand, this should enable us to draw several important conclusions regarding Morris’ project: namely, that his failure does not have to mean giving up semiotics as a potentially key discipline in approaching some fundamental philosophical problems, but also that it would demand return to the original semiotics developed in Peirce’s works.

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Report on the 19th annual Gathering in Biosemiotics in Moscow

Author(s): Arran Gare / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The 19th annual Biosemiotics Gathering that took place on 1–5 July 2019, was hosted by the Philosophy Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University.

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Review

Author(s): Claus Emmeche / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

Multiculturalism, biosemiotics, and cross-cultural friendship: An essay review of Olteanu’s multimodal semiotics of culture / Review of Multiculturalism as Multimodal Communication: A Semiotic Perspective [Series Numanities – Arts and Humanities in Progress 9; Dario Martinelli, series ed.] by Alin Olteanu. Cham: Springer, 2019, xviii+140 pp.

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Review

Author(s): Douglas Robinson / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

Möbius semioticity: Six takes on Peeter Torop’s semiotics-of-culture model of textuality. Reviewed by Douglas Robinson.

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Semiotics, image and narration. 12-th Early Fall School in Semiotics

Author(s): / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2006

It is by now a tradition that the intellectual efforts of the participants at the Early Fall School in Semiotics (EFSS), organized annually by the Southeast Center for Semiotic Studies (SEECSS) at the New Bulgarian University, result in a collection of selected papers. The present volume in English and French is an outcome of the XIIth edition of the EFSS on "Semiotics, Image and Narration", held in 2006 in the town of Sozopol. It is formally divided into two parts, containing texts by 'guest lecturers' from our partner Universities in Finland, Italy and USA, as well as by 'local participants' - professors and students at the New Bulgarian University. From parchments to paper and from print to the internet, "the story of humankind has been written, and will be written upon its virtual walls" (Albertson, 1997). In the new millennium we are ever more surrounded by bulletin boards and computer networks, from advertisement banners to cyberspace. Nowadays humankind learns by watching rather than by reading or being lectured to. In order to be considered literate in the information age, the new literate person needs to be media literate as well as being proficient in literature and arithmetic.

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The case for a semiotic method in Earth system science: Semantic networks of environmental research

Author(s): Alin Olteanu,Florian Rabitz,Jurgita Jurkevičienė,Agnė Budžytė / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

This paper sets a framework for using semiotics as an analytical method for Earth system science. It illustrates the use of such a method by analysing a dataset consisting of 32,383 abstracts of research articles pertaining to Earth system science, modelled as semantic networks. The analysis allows us to explain the epistemological advantages of this method as originating in the systems thinking common in both Earth system science and semiotics. The purpose of this methodological proposal is that of bringing the recent and critical planetary boundaries framework to the attention of ecosemiotics and biosemiotic criticism, and vice versa. Ecosemiotics is a branch of the biosemiotic modelling theory and is thus grounded in Charles Peirce’s schematic semiotics, but also developed in inspiration of Juri Lotman’s systemic semiotics. Both of these foundations of ecosemiotics are compatible with the rationale of Earth system science, given the schematism of Peirce’s semiotics and Lotman’s notion of meaning as an affordance of the biosphere. Far from exhausting the hermeneutic possibilities evoked by the discussed dataset, we argue that such semiotic analysis, made possible by the digital capacity of modelling large amounts of data, reveals new horizons for semiotic analysis, particularly regarding humans’ modelling of the environment.

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Žak Derida sa Žakom Lakanom

Author(s): Radoman Kordić / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

The modality “with” (deconstruction with the theory of psychoanalysis) assumes two forms of complex relations. The first one is expressed through the ability of the subject of that modality, of Lacan or Derrida, to say “we”, or in other words in the ability to overcome differences in the point, essentially common to them. The other form of relation of the modality “with” consists of visible and invisible ties between theories of deconstruction and psychoanalysis, the dimension of the other, otherness in theory, and the temptation emanating from the fact that only one subject of the modality “with” can say “we”. In this case it is Derrida who is saying it, but in his own way. “In his own way”, which is also immanent to Lacan, functions as a point in which the difference is overcome, it becomes “in our own way” and confirms the modality “with”.

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