Küberneetika ja semiootika: tõrksa taltsutamine ehk kokkupuuteid 1960. aastate nõukogude abstraktse kunstiga

Author(s): Virve Sarapik / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 01+02/2020

The following article will examine the formative years of the Tartu-Moscow school of cultural semiotics: its main influences and how semiotics jibed with the local cultural endeavours, both in the centres of the Soviet Union and in the Tartu-Moscow school’s peripherally situated stronghold in Estonia. The article’s central concern is the connection of early Soviet cultural semiotics to the aspirations of renewal in the visual arts in the first half of the 1960s.

Kültürel Miras Yaklaşimiyla “Türkiye: Potansiyelini Keşfet” Logosunun Simgesel Olarak Çözümlenmesi

Author(s): Sinan Çakmak / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 65/2020

Institutional logo designs, where historical and cultural values of countries are reflected as a symbol, contributes to the publicity of the country concerned. Especially the symbols used in the logo designs are important in terms of reflecting the values regarding the cultural heritage of countries. Therefore, it may be asserted that the adoption of the symbols described in the institutional logo designs of countries by other countries or societies contribute positively to the recognition of the country concerned. When the societies, which have existed throughout thehistorical process are examined regarding their traditional and cultural values, their owning these values through transferring them to future generations and their permanence in the worldarena are related. Accordingly, the determination of to what extent and how “Turkey: Discover The Potential” logo design reflect the cultural values of the city puts forth the main objective of the study. In this study, qualitative research methods were used, and the necessary literature search was performed concerning cultural heritage and logo design. The concrete and abstract factors that were symbolized in the logo design concerned were evaluated. The logo design of the “Turkey: Discover The Potential” were scrutinized regarding cultural heritage elements and analysed adhering to the graphic design principles.

Learning and knowing as semiosis: Extending the conceptual apparatus of semiotics

Author(s): Cary Campbell,Alin Olteanu,Kalevi Kull / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

If all knowing comes from semiosis, more concepts should be added to the semiotic toolbox. However, semiotic concepts must be defined via other semiotic concepts. We observe an opportunity to advance the state-of-the-art in semiotics by defining concepts of cognitive processes and phenomena via semiotic terms. In particular, we focus on concepts of relevance for theory of knowledge, such as learning, knowing, affordance, scaffolding, resources, competence, memory, and a few others. For these, we provide preliminary definitions from a semiotic perspective, which also explicates their interrelatedness. Redefining these terms this way helps to avoid both physicalism and psychologism, showcasing the epistemological dimensions of environmental situatedness through the semiotic understanding of organisms’ fittedness with their environments. Following our review and presentation of each concept, we briefly discuss the significance of our embedded redefinitions in contributing to a semiotic theory of knowing that has relevance to both the humanities and the life sciences, while not forgetting their relevance to education and psychology, but also social semiotic and multimodality studies.

Les disciples de King Kong

Author(s): Ciprian Vălcan / Language(s): French / Issue: 24/2019

Pour le regard sans illusions de Ciprian Vălcan, le monde posthistorique est une collection de farces et de fanfaronnades grotesques qui ne réussissent pas à masquer le glissement vers le vide. In Ciprian Vălcan’s unaffected view, the post-historic world is a collection of inconsistent pranks and grotesque blusters that fail to mask the slip towards void.

Lexical Concepts as Fluctuating Structures

Author(s): Alyona Budnikova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Marka Kişiliğinde Masalların ve Arketiplerin Kullanımı: Marka Maskotlarının Göstergebilimsel Analizi

Author(s): Cansu Demirel,Recep Sünnetci / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 9/2019

Tales, which are formed a series of events in which extraordinary situations are told, have been transferred from ear to ear and from language to language years reflecting real life by people, for many. The patterns of behavior in the tales, narrated among the people, gradually became symbolized by people and thus archetypes occur. Archetypes effectively provide to be used the accumulation of tales by brands and institutions in marketing and advertising. The use of this accumulation put forward especially in the formation and advertisement of brand personality. One of the prominent aspects of the brand personality is the “mascot” factor. Mascot's use of archetypes is the focus of this study. Many consumers unwittingly have positive feelings for brands thanks to these mascots, which are the reflection of their inner worlds and subconscious minds. Therefore, customers quickly decide on the buying action. At the same time, mascots are transformed into promotional items and become the carrier of the brand. Nowadays consumable tale and types of story have increased. The tales, which are the common legacy of human history, are still maintaining its importance from the past to the present day. Therefore, we can understand the fact that brands still prefer tales and tale elements through mascots. This study is important to understand and interpret why archetypes are used in brand mascots in the perspective of tales by means of indicative scientific method.

Metaforik Bir Deneyim Olarak ‘Ölümden Uyanmak’: Kieślowski’nin ‘Mavi’si

Author(s): Çağrı Barış Kasap / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 9/2020

Kieślowski’s Three Colours: Blue (1993) is the first film of the director’s trilogy relying upon the colors of the French flag. The film narrates the story of Julie who loses her family after a traffic accident and her attempts to construct herself a new life. So far, the articles written on the subject of the film concentrate too densely on the usage of the blue color as a symbol of freedom for Julie and the trauma and the mourning that she experiences as the protagonist of the film. This article discusses that Kieślowski’s portraiture of mourning is related neither with the artificial usage of colour in the film nor with sharing Julie’s innermost personality. In addition, the usage of the blue color is thought to have a closer relationship with Julie’s condition and is rather related with a chromatic and semiotic experience of language and what Deleuze and Guattari define as a series of ‘becoming’s. As a result, it wil be defended that the usage of blue does not have a fixed meaning as a representation of the principle of freedom, mourning or sadness as the symbolized themes of the film but rather with the fact of Julie’s attempt to create a materialist language with a ryhthm and a ‘becoming’ attached to that language, after the traumatic accident experienced.

Multiple Personalities and the Proteus Effect in Collaborative Virtual Environments. A Wittgensteinian Viewpoint

Author(s): Stefano Cavagnetto,Bruce Gahir / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

What does it mean to be you? How drastically can a person change and still remain, in the eyes of either themselves or their peers, the same person? Until recently, these questions were typically asked in the context of philosophy, psychoanalysis, or science fiction. However, the increasingly common use of avatars during computer-mediated communication, collaborative virtual environments (CVE' s) in particular, are quickly changing these once abstract questions into practical quandaries that are fascinating, thought-provoking, potentially paradigm shifting for those who study social interaction, and potentially devastating to the traditional concept of human communication. Given the advent of collaborative virtual reality (CVR) technology, researchers have begun to systematically explore the phenomena of Transformed Social Interaction (TSI)1. The Proteus effect is a particular application of TSI in which a user's self-representation is modified in a meaningful way that is often dissimilar to the physical self. When the user then interacts with another person, the user's behaviour conforms to the modified self-representation regardless of the true physical self or the others impressions.2 In an earlier introductory paper3 we detailed a conceptual framework that illustrated the idea of the self as composed of information in multiple cyberworlds, this tentative framework was utilised to explain a “layering” feedback process that may occur as a result of the self interacting in a CVE, in addition we expanded this framework to integrate an anthropological viewpoint of the self. In this paper our intention is to provide further understanding of the relationship between the Proteus effects and the conceptual model of multiple virtual personalities interacting in CVE using the Wittgensteinian language games framework, we expand our earlier paper to suggest that the notions of a “virtual personality” and “virtual game grammar” may hopefully bring a refreshing approach to examining the Proteus effect.

Müzelerde Görsel Kimlik Uygulamaları: İstanbul Modern, SFMOMA ve Paul Klee Örnekleri

Author(s): Bartuğ Akgöz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 68/2020

Throughout history, nations have used symbols in their communication with their own people and with other nations around them. The symbols used by nations throughout the history and the symbols used by modern institutions today after all those technical, social and cultural evolution are based on the same basic concepts. Nowadays, we can say that the museum is seen as the basic evaluation criterion of the brand value of institutions in the art world where the traditional evaluation criteria is bygone. This situation requires branding in order to gain value in museology. In today's world, which is dominated by intense competition, branding is only possible with the visual identity of brands keeping up with the pace of the times and possessing a common value by taking into consideration the expectations of customers. In this context, the importance of branding for contemporary museums and art museums has been questioned and exemplified based on the concept of visual identity in our study. The referred components in visual identity creation process have been determined and visual identities of Istanbul Modern, SFMOMA and Paul Klee museums that were selected in this context have been examined.

Muzyka bez nośnika? Powietrze, chmury i strumienie oraz cyfry, taśmy i winyle w walce o pierwosłuch lub zapomnienie

Author(s): Marek Okólski,Szymon Nożyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

In the article the authors try to build a research reflection by means of a logical description of the result of self and technology – sound carriers/media, up to the extreme form, that is their disappearance, or distance from the listener/user. The authors show the influence of media on the organization of musical expression in the field of semiotics, technology and aesthetics. The starting point of the article is a reflection on a fragment of the lyrics, which suggests a return of music to the air. The authors reconstruct the evolutionary path of sound carriers and reach the place where the air was the primary carrier. At the same time they analyze the contemporary face of technologically entangled air (as a carrier), which is no longer the air from the pre-industrial era, but rather a symbolic place where one can find wireless communication, the Internet or Bluetooth.

National and Cultural Symbolism of Zoo-Anthropomorphic Creatures in Ukrainian Myphological Picture of the World

Author(s): Olena Kryzhko / Language(s): English / Issue: 101/2019

The article analyses the mythopoetic origins of the Ukrainian national and cultural symbolism of zoo-anthropomorphic creatures. It examines how animal names create ethnic symbols, i.e. the peculiar fragments of the Ukrainian mythological picture of the world. The national concepts of zoonyms and their implementation are described in the Ukrainian mythological system. The attention is given to zoo-anthropomorphic creatures: their etiologic function and having their own national and cultural symbolism, an axiological identification of good / evil in the explanation of the universe, the manner they are semanticised by the symbolism and value categories of the Ukrainian mythopoetic consciousness in the plot lines of Ukrainian myths and legends.

Nauczyć krytycznego myślenia i jasnej mowy. Postulaty krytycyzmu i jasności a sprawa tzw. logiki ogólnej

Author(s): Marcin Będkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

Nichil, michi, veementer – brzmienie głoski „h” w średniowiecznej łacinie liturgicznej. Analiza fonetyczna na bazie semiologii gregoriańskiej

Author(s): Michał Sławecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 17/2019

The primary objective of this research is to draw attention, by reference to the oldest manuscript sources, to the phonetics of the letter “h” in the words in which the sound occurs between two identical vowels. Medieval liturgical Latin was repeatedly the subject of various studies. With reference to the letter “h”, it was determined that it does not cause any sound, so it remains silent. There are, however, exceptions to this rule – in the words nihil and mihi, which present spelling variants of nichil and michi caused by phonetic requirements. The starting point for the research is the assumption that various manuscripts belonging to the authenticum fontium gregorianorum, each time when the letter “h” appears between two identical vowels in the word, should, due to its soundlessness, combine two syllables and assign one undivided neum to them (like this happens for example in the words tuum, meae, si iniquitatis). The same phenomenon should take place in the words nihil and mihi. The analysis based on manuscripts from various neumatic families, namely Ein, Bab1, Gal1, Gal2, Gal3, Eli, Lan, Van2, Klo1, Cha1, Lav, Dij, Ben5, Yrx, Alb, Har1–2, proves that in the presence of two identical vowels and the letters “h”, different scribes in most cases divide the word into two syllables and write two independent neums. In addition, in a large group of manuscripts from the above quoted, with great regularity, there is a two-syllable writing of the words nichil and michi with the letter “ch” in place of “h”. This phenomenon, connected both with spelling and phonetics, proves that there could exist the practice of pronouncing “ch + I” as “ki”. Conversely in the word vehementer – most of the manuscripts attribute only one neum to the two initial syllables; none of the manuscripts writes vechementer, but some give the version of the word veementer (without the “h”). Also, the case of syneresis of ve-he- occurs regularly. All cases from the Graduale Romanum repertoire in which the words nihil or nichil (6 times), mihi or michi (70 times), vehementer (6 times), vehementis and comprehendam (2 times), apprehende (2 times), apprehendite (once), irreprehensibilis (2 times), have been examined in the light of the neumatic manuscripts. Particular attention was paid to the compositional contexts of neuma torculus initio debilis. As a result of the analysis, it was proved with a very high probability that the words nihil and mihi, even if writed using the letter “h”, were pronounced like nichil and michi.

Ograniczenia semantyki formalnej (logicznej)

Author(s): Jan Woleński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

Okresy warunkowe i operator fikcji

Author(s): Maciej Sendłak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

On the Genealogy of the Symbol of the Cross in the Polish Political Imagination

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2019

This article traces the genealogy of the cross as a key Polish national symbol back to the independence struggles of the nineteenth century and the post-1918 attempts to map the new Polish nation-state over its multiethnic territory. Discussing the shifting meaning ascribed to the symbol in the changing political conditions in the 1860s and during the Second Republic, the article relates the semantic content of the symbol to the cycle of solidification and defiance (corresponding with Victor Turner’s “structure” and “anti-structure”). While, in conditions of defiance, during the January Uprising (1863–1864), the cross connoted progressive and egalitarian ideas of emancipation and solidarity with other nations who were also deemed as deserving their freedom, this changed once Poland regained its independence. After the First World War, the cross came to be employed as a marker of Poland’s territorial ambitions and an emblem that redefined ingroup boundaries by excluding from the national community the threatening Others: whether Bolsheviks, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, or Jews.

Oral Narrative Genres as Communicative Dialogic Resources and their Correlation to African Short Fiction

Author(s): Loreta Huber,Evelina Jonaitytė / Language(s): English / Issue: 37(42)/2020

Oral and written storytelling traditions in Africa developed at the same time and influenced each other in many ways. In the twentieth century, the relation between the deeply rooted oral tradition and literary traditions intensified. We aim to reveal literary analysis tools that help to trace ways how oral narrative genres found reflection in African short fiction under analysis. A case study is based on two short stories by women writers, The Rain Came by Grace Ogot and The Lovers by Bessie Head. Images and symbols both, in oral and written traditions in Africa, as well as the way they evolved and extended in a literary genre of short fiction are considered within the framework of hermeneutics, reader reception theory and feminist literary criticism. The results obtained in the study prove that oral narrative genres interact with literary genres, though most importantly, women’s writing as a literary category and images embodied in the short stories play a decisive role and deviation from the images embodied in African oral tradition.

Out of the Closet, into the World: The Power of Puppets in Jessie Burton’s The Miniaturist

Author(s): Rūta Šlapkauskaitė / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

The present paper examines the tropological significance of miniature figures in Jessie Burton’s novel The Miniaturist. By highlighting the ways in which the narrative’s figural system negotiates the structural and conceptual dichotomies of human/doll, object/thing, interiority/exteriority, authenticity/artificiality, and mobility/stasis, this reading of Burton’s novel attempts to show how the literary text rethinks the social life of things and the ambiguity of subject-object relations in the seventeenth-century Netherlands. Aligned with the commercial circuits of material culture, which underscore the moral ambivalence of the novel’s Dutch society, material objects are shown to exceed their decorative function and reveal their destructive purchase on human life.

Paweł Warchoł, Zwycięski krzyż

Author(s): Piotr Jaskóła / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

The review of: Paweł Warchoł OFMConv. 2019. Zwycięski krzyż. Pelplin: Wydawnictwo „Bernardinum”, ss. 520. ISBN 978-83-8127-332-9.

Pewne problemy z komutatywnością "i" koniunkcyjnego

Author(s): Elżbieta Magner / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019