ÇOCUKLARIN KORONA SALGINI KONULU RESİMLERİNİN GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL ANALİZİ

Author(s): Sezen Aksu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2021

Definitely, the most important event of 2020 has been the COVID-19 Pandemic, which has affected the whole world and created a change in all aspects socially, economically and psychologically. The way of life in this process, measures taken, practices, prohibitions have caused some effects on children as well as adults, and a number of restrictions have been made from educational life to social life. With this research, it is aimed to reveal the feelings and thoughts of the children, who are seen as the voice of the future, about how they perceive the pandemic through the pictures they made. For this purpose, the pictures of 25 students between the ages of 9-12 who attend Kastamonu Science and Art Center about corona pandemic were analyzed by semiotic method. In the analysis, the “sign, indicator and signage” classification used in Saussure's semiotics method, and the results were described by analyzing the indicators, signifiers, and signifiers that students use the most. As a result of the research, it was observed that the students showed a more egocentric approach, street-park display is at the forefront as a venue, in general, negative emotions, longing for the street, nature, and outdoors stand out.

Forgiveness as a method of (self)healing: a procedural-psychological analysis

Author(s): Narcisa Loredana Posteuca-Esi / Language(s): English / Issue: 14/2020

Modern psychological approaches include forgiveness as a landmark in the healing process, considering that its benefits do not resume to mind comfort, but it also address to emotional, relational, social and general health issues. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the role of forgiveness as a coping mechanism, but also as a major focus point when dealing with healing strategies. This analytic approach intends to offer a clarified overview concerning the dimensions that forgiveness enact in human life, but also its role and functions within the acceptance – rebalance – reconciliation strategies. Moreover, incorporating this concept in guided healing and self-healing depends on the experimental evidences, but also on a good understanding forgiveness as a process, but also as a final or intermediary objective in therapy is required.

Geçmişten Günümüze Heykel Sanatında Mitolojik İmgeler

Author(s): Dilek Toluyağ / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 66/2020

In this article, information is given about how mythology has taken place in the art of sculpture in the process from past to present and it is still a preferred source of inspiration in today's art. From the past to the present, the works of mythology-themed sculptural art have been mentioned and these works have been examined and interpreted in the context of mythological image use. It is also to clarify how mythology stands in today's art. Looking at the history of art, there are many examples of the relationship between mythology and sculpture. Especially Greek mythology has shown its effect in almost all world arts, especially European art, and it still exists.

General sociolinguistics, social semiotics and semiotics of culture – ex pluribus unum? Forty years after Language as Social Semiotic

Author(s): Suren Zolyan / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The birth of social semiotics is usually associated with the publication of Michael Halliday’s book Language as Social Semiotic (1978). We try to draw attention to possible new developments in social semiotics, which still remain a potential transdisciplinary project for social sciences. In order to do this, we address the interrelation between sociolinguistics, social semiotics and the semiotics of culture. All of these describe mechanisms of meaning production and translation beyond linguistic structures. The differentiation between these workings is based on a distinction between various aspects of meaning production and communication and functional characteristics of goal setting. The complexity of these processes legitimates the complexity of methodology used to describe them. Interconnection between different domains and aspects may create synthetic methods based on the dynamic approach to meaning production and transmission.

Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem and the Anti-Mechanist Argument: Revisited

Author(s): Yong Cheng / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This is a paper for a special issue of Semiotic Studies devoted to Stanislaw Krajewski’s paper (2020). This paper gives some supplementary notes to Krajewski’s (2020) on the Anti-Mechanist Arguments based on Gödel’s incompleteness theorem. In Section 3, we give some additional explanations to Section 4–6 in Krajewski’s (2020) and classify some misunderstandings of Gödel’s incompleteness theorem related to AntiMechanist Arguments. In Section 4 and 5, we give a more detailed discussion of Gödel’s Disjunctive Thesis, Gödel’s Undemonstrability of Consistency Thesis and the definability of natural numbers as in Section 7–8 in Krajewski’s (2020), describing how recent advances bear on these issues.

Gödel’s Philosophical Challenge (to Turing)

Author(s): Wilfried Sieg / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The incompleteness theorems constitute the mathematical core of Gödel’s philosophical challenge. They are given in their “most satisfactory form”, as Gödel saw it, when the formality of theories to which they apply is characterized via Turing machines. These machines codify human mechanical procedures that can be carried out without appealing to higher cognitive capacities. The question naturally arises, whether the theorems justify the claim that the human mind has mathematical abilities that are not shared by any machine. Turing admits that non-mechanical steps of intuition are needed to transcend particular formal theories. Thus, there is a substantive point in comparing Turing’s views with Gödel’s that is expressed by the assertion, “The human mind infinitely surpasses any finite machine”. The parallelisms and tensions between their views are taken as an inspiration for beginning to explore, computationally, the capacities of the human mathematical mind.

Going Global with a Local Subaltern

Author(s): Gabriela Robeci / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The notion of the Subaltern has come to have deep roots in understanding postcolonial history. Established by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, it has come to define the essence of global cultural relations, as we perceive them today. However, the origin of this theory could not have been less regional, with a starting point in Calcutta in the first half of the 20th century. The way in which it describes the relations of power between India and the British Empire gives place to a global understanding of a dominant culture took control of subjects in minority. This paper is going to seek to expose the roots of the notion of Subalterns, not refraining from touching upon disparities between genders, nations, and traditions.

Görsel Düşünme ve Algı

Author(s): Duygu Dinçeli / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 67/2020

People have tried different methods in their efforts to communicate since their existence. The concept of visuality has an important place in these methods in today's world. The visuality extending to the cave walls of primitive people, including everything that can be seen, is a world of images that are effective in conveying thoughts, where expectations and dreams are together. With the proliferation of mass media since the beginning of the twentieth century, it has become a large part of our lives. Images are detached from time, representing past and present, perceived through senses, playing an important role in conveying a message by being designed in mind; are the parts that are at the basis of visual, perceptual and linguistic processes. Designing is also reviving and thinking of anything in the mind. The sense of creation of the mind activates the imagination by establishing the relations between the necessary images. In creative thinking that stimulates the imagination, it is reproduced using the information available. The ability to create the new that occurs as a result of the use of images stems from the trends that people have had since birth. This ability starts with seeing. Seeing has a privileged place among other senses. In the research; topics such as visual, visual thinking, what and how perceived objects are perceived are combined with related concepts and interpreted by doing a literature review.

Gözün Sembolik Kullanımı ve Türk Seramik Sanatına Yansımalar

Author(s): Kadir Sevim / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 64/2019

Our eye, which performs the act of seeing, is our organ through which we come into contact with the outside world. We make the most of our connections with our environment through vision. The action of vision and perception depends on the figure-ground relationship, which varies according to the Gestalt principles. The eye, which is our vision organ, has been the subject of myths in the context of sight and seeing throughout human history and has even been used in the symbols that have attributed meanings by loading a mystical (mysterious in other words) mission. The all-seeing eye has existed in every culture and period. It is a symbol of vigilance and God's protective power in general. The evil eye is a kind of sinister that is used to counter this danger in the places where culture is common. The belief in the evil eye is particularly associated with eyesight. The evil eye talisman is one of the examples in this class. The all-seeing eye that protects the bearer from Evil, The Eye of Horus in Ancient Egypt, the Third Eye of Buddha in India, The Hand of mother Fatima, which is widely used in Turkey, Greece, North Africa, the Middle East and India, and the Blue evil eye talismans have been charged with the mission of protecting against evil eye. The image of the eye, which has become such a visual icon, has also been an important source of inspiration in Turkish ceramic art. In this article, the use of the symbolic meaning of the eye and the phenomenon of gaze in Turkish ceramic art has been examined and evaluated by examining the works of various artists. Recent ceramic artists studied in this study have used the eye symbol and the phenomenon of gaze referring to the evil eye, good luck, protection from evil; in other world, talismans, perception of the world and the sense of being gazed.

Grafik Tasarım Bağlamında İletinin Görsel Tasarımlara Dönüştürülmesi Süreçleri

Author(s): Serpil Kaptan,Zülfikar Sayin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 69/2020

Graphic designing is a considerably contemporary field of visual communication which is related to the visualization of the intended messages and transferring them to the target group as well as designing this communication process and it is doubtless that its significance will gradually increase. During the process of transforming messages into visual designing, the process of codifying the meaning into the elements of visual designing is worth-stressing. For that reason, the designer should have a brilliant knowledge of the structural characteristics and grammar of the visual language so that he can satisfy the needs of the field of graphic designing. Every image transfers either an idea or a message; communicates with target group. Reading images is a common activity of human brain when there is a product to be interpreted. The stages of this activity can be listed as; perception, recording and interpreting. Our perception of messages depends on their meaning and the factor of learned perception and culture they recall as well as the system they exist in. To put it simply, most of the things in social life is shaped on the pattern of meaning which is the base of communication. As for the designer who conducts production, the process of portraying the messages through images and transforming them into meaningful sequences and recognizing its stages will provide positive contributions into designing. It is understood that seeing is an important element in designing visual communication as an activity of mind. Every visual creation is the reflection of knowledge, skills and mind. Within this context, it can be stated that the process of transforming the messages into visual designing is an important stage of graphic designing. For that reason, the process of understanding and interpreting through the sense of seeing should be considered from the perspective of both graphic designers which codify the messages and the receiver. In this study, following questions were discussed in detail; how were the messages/meanings produced through connecting to the indicators which reflect or analyzing them, the ways of transferring them into the target groups, the problems related to them and their solutions, the principles and process of qualified indicator.

GRAFİK TASARIM ve SANATIN BİRLİKTELİĞİ

Author(s): Nuri Sezer / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 47/2020

We have to try to understand the position, the value and the purpose of arts and designs in our daily lives. The main purpose behind the birth of arts is the need of humanity to communicate. If we take a look at the history and go through the hieroglyphes and murals we can easily see that they are all there for to communicate. We have to know the fact that if we do not value art, our lives will be meaningless. Arts and design can be considered as an exposition of our emotions, feelings and experiences. Illustrations in graphic design is a form of art and like all graphic arts its main purpose is to deliver a specific message or messages to a society. Illustration is a branch of graphic design which has a strong correlation with the culture phenomenon. An illustration which can bond with many cultures and manages to become inter-cultural can be considered as successful and effective. We can say that graphic design is a fundamental fact and form of art in which we shape through our senses and experiences in daily life.

GUSTAVE COURBET’NİN “KARŞILAŞMA-GÜNAYDIN BAY COURBET” ADLI ESERİNDEKİ GÖSTERGELERLE DOĞU KÜLTÜRÜNDEKİ EL ÖPME OLGULARINDAKİ GÖSTERGELERİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Author(s): Necmettin Karabulut,Fatih Daşdemir / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 45/2020

It is observed that artistic creations have started before the ages of history, whilst refreshing themselves throughout the ages and eras via cultural and societal innovations and not compromising from their core principles at the same. Art, which embraces change and alteration, has made its prevailing presence known through a society’s lifestyle, geography, time and faith at all times. Shaping of art through these concepts has laid the groundwork for acquiring an identity for art which could be used as a common language between different cultures. It is possible that the act greeting, a cultural action, can happen with different rituals in many countries and cultures. The meanings of Greeting and hand-kissing rituals in different cultures has . The focus of this paper is on the meaning of the rituals of greetings and hand-kissing and how they are touted in different cultures in a semiotic aspect. A comparison is showcased between greetings in the French artist, who was raised in a western culture, Gustave Courbet’s “Greeting-Good Moring Mr. Courbet” and the hand-kissing the eastern culture, which is a showcase of respect and love. In this work, the concepts of Kissing, Indicators, Semiotics and Culture’s historical process is emphasized through the greetings ritual in Gustave Courbet’s “Meeting” and the culture of Hand Kissing in Eastern Culture. Certain images are added to emphasize and support this paper. This paper lines up with similar works that has come before it in terms of content, at the same time, it shall be a guide to studies that are going to come after it.

Hashtagging on Instagram: Functions of Hashtags as Employed by #Instagirls

Author(s): Dominika Kováčová / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2019

Hastagging, similarly to tagging, has become an inseparable part of online communication and users’ motivation for employing hashtags—especially on the platform of their origin, i.e. Twitter—has attracted the attention of scholars from various fields, including linguistics. In reference to previous studies, this paper aims to expand existing knowledge regarding the role and functions of hashtags by examining Instagram posts, which are, in contrast to tweets, predominantly visual and remain an insufficiently researched area. The analytical data consisting of posts uploaded by three Instafamous personalities, also known as Instagirls, were scanned for the presence of hashtags to determine their frequency and their characteristic traits. The qualitative analysis of posts shows that on Instagram, hashtags are employed to fulfil one of two opposing goals: 1. to serve as a tool for aggregating posts of similar content; 2. to serve as a resource for creative self-expression. Furthermore, since hashtags are often designated as a means of promoting one’s visibility, their role as a self-presentation strategy in the construction of micro-celebrity on Instagram is also discussed.

Home: The Sacred and the Profane in John McGahern’s Novel That They May Face the Rising Sun

Author(s): Linara Bartkuvienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

The article seeks to answer the question what it is about the place which is called home in John McGahern’s novel That They May Face the Rising Sun (2002), i.e. what it is that substantiates it and being in it and a return to it. It argues that the homeplace in the narrative of the novel is defined by two symbolic planes: home is not only a physical and material and social place/ space within a certain geography in the novel, but also is of the ontological structure which is the meeting point of two trajectories that cross over: one of them is the vertical − the sacred, the other is the horizontal − the profane. The sacred puts into communication the three placial / spatial geographies in the narrative − heaven, earth and underworld; the profane marks the historical and the linear. It is within the homeplace in the narrative of the novel that existential being opens up through the tensions between the sacred and the profane. To build the argument, the paper draws on Mircea Eliade’s hermeneutics in The Sacred and the Profane (1959), Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal Return (1954), and Images and Symbols: Studies in Religious Symbolism (1961).

Humanistes, encore un eff ort ! Tzvetan Todorov et le débat actuel de l’humanisme

Author(s): Boyan Manchev / Language(s): French / Issue: 49/2020

II. DÜNYA SAVAŞI DÖNEMİ VOGUE DERGİ KAPAKLARINDAKİ KADIN İMGESİ VE GİYİM ANLAYIŞI ÜZERİNE GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL BİR ÇÖZÜMLEME

Author(s): Semay Tanyer,Kafiye Özlem Alp / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 32/2020

Fashion is not only a form of aesthetic understanding, but also a socio-cultural phenomenon that contains strong connotations, takes shape by being influenced by many areas and is constantly changing. Particularly, the effects of world war period, during which great crises were experienced, on fashion and clothing brought along a formal and aesthetic transformation in women's clothing, as well as a number of obligatory sociological effects. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the reflection of war on women's image, fashion and clothing by examining the covers of World War II period semiotically. At the same time, it was tried to determine how fashion was shaped by the effect of the period, together with its symbols and connotations. The population of the study consists of 143 Vogue magazine covers published during the Second World War. The sample was determined by the purposeful sampling method, with a total of three magazine covers, one from 1942, 1943 and 1944, when the United States was active in the war. In the study, Vogue magazine covers were examined semiotically through Roland Barthes' semiological scheme, the connotations of the women's photographs on the cover were interpreted through cultural codes, and the written signs were, on the other hand, interpreted by examining the slogans on the cover. The effect of the period on the fashion and dressing sense were studied through the interweaving theory that had been adapted from the intertextuality theory to fashion and created by T. F. Broden. As a result, it has been observed that the image of women on Vogue magazine covers reflects a patriotic, benevolent, peaceful, self-sacrificing woman, who is at least as active as men during the war and has a voice, ready for duty, and a strong woman.

II. Dünya Savaşı’nda Çizgi Filmlerin Mihver Devletleri Tarafından Karşı Propaganda Amaçlı Kullanımı

Author(s): Mehmet Ali Gazi,Caner Çakı / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 8/2019

In this study, the use of cartoons for propaganda purposes by the three big Axis Powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) in World War II was tried to be revealed.For this purpose, in the study ,1940 German made Der Störenfried, 1941 Italian made Il Dottor Churkill (Doctor Churkill) and 1943 Japan made cartoons Momotarō no Umiwashi (Momotaro’s Sea Eagles) were analyzed using the semiotics analysis method in qualitative research methods. Cartoons in the study were analyzed within the framework of the semiotics concept Swiss Language Scientist Ferdinand de Saussure. In the light of the findings, it was seen that the Allied States were presented as enemies trying to invade the world in the propaganda films made by the Axis Powers and in this way, the public opinion was tried to build hate speech against the Axis Powers. On the other hand, it was revealed in the cartoons that the Axis Powers started a great struggle for peace of the world against the Allied Powers which tried to occupy the world. Thus, it was concluded that the Axis Powers tried to legitimize the war through cartoons and tried to find public support against the Allied Powers.

İllüstrasyonun Afiş Tasarımında Kullanımı ve İllüstrasyon İçeren Afiş Tasarımlarının Çözümlenmesi

Author(s): Birsen Çeken / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 66/2020

Poster design is a medium which transmits the required information for the product or service to be promoted to the audience. Illustration is a word derived from French and means to figure an idea by drawings. Today illustration has enabled target messages to be transmitted more effective when it unites with poster medium. In this context, the purpose of this study is to analyse poster designs, one of the print ads media including illustration in terms of creative idea, audience, problem status and graphic design regarding the impact of illustration on the audience. The study is a qualitative research and screening model was applied. A literature review was conducted. An analysis form was prepared within the framework of the collected data and expert opinion. Finally, 5 poster designs including illustration were analysed and interpreted..

Image in Thought Encoding and Explication Processes

Author(s): Olena Snytko / Language(s): English / Issue: 102/2020

The paper explores the image as a form of psychic reflection of reality in thought encoding, objectivation, and perception processes. The image is an element of the universal object code, the basis of thinking, and the underlying structure of language units. Psycholinguistic experiments prove that the semantics of language units can be reduced to a sensory image. In its actual being, the image correlative of the language sign can be compressed to a minimum, which definitely does not exclude its decompression. Apart from individual images, in the linguistic consciousness of a language community, there exist the so-called stereotypical images, serving as social standards in the cognitive process and as summarizing the empirical knowledge of language users. In the production and perception of texts, social images ensure the predictable impact on a person’s consciousness and emotions.

In Defence of a Fallacy

Author(s): Richard Davies / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

In light of recent developments in argumentation theory, we begin by considering the account that Aristotle gives of what he calls sophistical refutations (elenchoi sophistikoi) and of the usefulness of being able to recognise various species of them. His diagnosis of one of his examples of the grouping that he labels epomenon is then compared with a very recent account of the matter, which, like Aristotle, calls on us to attribute a mistake or confusion to anyone who uses this kind of argument. From examination of three other examples that Aristotle himself supplies of epomenon, it appears that there are cases of inferences of this kind that we need not, and perhaps cannot, avoid making. The suggestion is made that this is because the whole family of what Peirce calls abductions have important characteristics in common with epomenon.