Arnold Böcklin'in Resimlerinde Fantastik Gerçekçilik Bağlamında Melankolik İzdüşümler

Author(s): Hüseyin Elmas,Burcu Acar / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 65/2021

This research aims to evaluate Arnold Böcklin's fantastical and mythological narrative through the concept of melancholy. Concept of melancholy continued to exist within the reality of each period. The concept is presented to the audience with different narratives and artistic works of the artists. The research found that the inspiration or sources of Arnold Böcklin's works in the creation process how and to what extent if reflects melancholy in its works. İn this context the emotional states of the artist's melancholy works produced through the theme of death will be interpreted.

Aventurile hiperimaginii. Reconstrucţia trompe-l’oeil-ului şi noua definiţie a fotografiei la Jean-François Rauzier şi Ileana Florescu

Author(s): Alexandra Crăciun / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 68/2019

The present paper is questioning the concept of hyperphotography starting from the experiments in the field made by two photographers: the French Jean-François Rauzier and the Italian with Romanian origins, Ileana Florescu. We would try to prove that, in the case of hyperphotography, we can talk about a new kind of radicality of the image. As Baudrillard puts forth, punctum – the ‘symbolic void that makes the power’ of photography – is currently disappearing. Punctum, a concept introduced by Roland Barthes in Camera lucida, refers to the pure absence that resides in the heart of the image. Hyperphotography suspends this inner absence. Punctum is replaced by a redundant image, the picture’s reflection, its double. This excess of the image, as well as the trompe-l'oeil, leads to the deconstruction of the photographic object. Like pharmakon in the theory of Jacques Derrida, hyperphotography generates an utopia, the utopia of a reference that is, at the same time and to the same extent, representation and non-representation, negation and assertion.

Badania nad śpiewem gregoriańskim przed Semiologią gregoriańską i po niej

Author(s): Juan Carlos Asensio Palacios / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 17/2019

The research on gregorian chant from the middle of the 19th century had their protagonists mainly in some of the Solesmes monks, but not without polemics. After the St. Pius X motu roprio, and the new Vatican edition, the Solesmes style and Methode… was spread everywhere, but some voices, from the own monastery, claimed for a new approach to the musical writing: the neumes. Dom Cardine’s Semiology was the science created to answer some of the the lacks of the Mocquereau’s theories. In this paper I’ll try to show a little history of the previous works to the Cardine’s Semiology, specially the Cardine’s own works developed from the previous researches of the Paléographie musicale.

Basic Concepts: A Cognitive Approach

Author(s): Wiesław Walentukiewicz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Batıl İnançların Korku Sinemasındaki Yansımaları

Author(s): Cumhur Okay Özgör / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 9/2020

Since the existence of mankind’s fears, helplessness, despair, loneliness has led to various superstitions. Superstitions continue their adventures even from modern times to the present day by being fed by the helplessness of human beings against nature. Outside human nature, society; heretic culture, pagan beliefs, folklore, tradition / tradition, rituals, mythology; Christianity, which is influenced by male hegemony, the dominant power in the Middle Ages, the Puritan consciousness and superstitions. While various superstitions such as black cat, evil eye and ladder reach universal dimensions, human psychology and historical events can be given as examples of the factors shaping superstitions. Psychology and psychiatry, as well as the historical origins of superstitions, have been guiding in explaining these beliefs; it will be the art that makes superstitious beliefs easier to grasp, making them immortal images. Visual arts, such as painting and cinema, are among the most important artistic productions directed towards symbolic, metaphoric expressions. This study examines the relationship between visual arts such as cinema and painting and phenomena such as rituals, mythology and superstitions. In particular, superstitions in horror cinema will be researched.

Behram Beyzayi Sinemasında Kadın İmgesine Bir Bakış: “Başu, Küçük Yabancı” Örneği

Author(s): Mehmet Aytekin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 9/2020

When the social dynamics of pre-revolution and post-revolution era are examined, the existence of transition process is remarkable and it is seen that there is an uncertainty. In the ongoing process, this situation is reflected in the cinema, it is understood that “male gaze” and the efforts of patriarchal ideology to shape the cinema have a negative effect the representation of woman. Pre-revolution era, in the process of representation, the woman who put up a good fight against to exhibitionism, at postrevolution era was forced to veil oneself by the effects of Islamization movement, and thus the cinematic representation is adversely affected. In Bahram Beizai’s cinema, a oppostional reading is developed for the mainstream female myth that patriarchal ideology deals with in both periods, and this form of reading becomes continuous both pre-revolution and post-revolution era. In order to makes the claim, Bahram Beizai’s Bashu, Gharibeye Koochak (Bashu, Little Stranger - 1989) movie is taken as a sample and cinematographic analysis method is adopted through feminist literature. In this context, the counter-myths created by Beizai are embodied by the sequences supporting the narrative and the theoretical background of feminist critical discourse analysis is utilized in the process.

Between nothing and a promise of eternity. Reading Alain Badiou’s Black: The brilliance of a non-color

Author(s): Kristina Khutsishvili / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The book explores narratives of black: brings black into different contexts, compares it with white and other colours of spectrum, reflects on the underneath meanings hidden by black. It is a piece of art that is difficult to be classified by genre: it may be a collection of short stories, an autobiography, an essay. Belonging to both literary and philosophic contexts, this book is not “heavy”, both literally and metaphorically, but filled with unusual observations and reflections on meanings hidden behind the colours.

Bio/biblio-graficznie

Author(s): Stanisław Rosiek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 15/2020

The easiest option would be to ask the author of The Cinnamon Shops whether it was him who many years ago wrote in German and published in the Montenegro periodical Cetinjer Zeitung two stories: “Du bist Staub” and “Pfennig mit dem Auge.” Had he said “yes,” these two unusual narratives would be included in the oeuvre of Bruno Schulz. His literary identity would have been upheld (enhanced) and confirmed. But what is the literary identity? We know full well that the foundation of an individual identity is memory which selects and integrates the particles of a particular existence. There is no identity without memory. This, however, does not apply to the literary identity, deprived of that natural basis of each identity, both individual and collective. Its foundation is congruence, i.e. the coherence, harmony, and appropriateness of its components. Trouble begins when all of a sudden we come across a text signed with a name that already exists in the literary space, and this is exactly what happened when after one hundred years two German language stories from the Cetinjer Zeitung have been retrieved. An automatic inclusion of the stories in the literary identity signed “Bruno Schulz” seems risky for many reasons. First of all, because some stranger may invade the space occupied by the son of a Drogobych cloth merchant, the actual author of The Cinnamon Shops. Let us then defend the Schulz of Drogobych from the Schulzes who come from different parts of the world, and they are many. In the first three decades of the 20th century those were, e.g., Karl Richard Bruno Schulz (1865-1932, professor of architecture), Bruno Claus Heinrich Schulz (1888-1944, oceanographer), Bruno Schulz (engineer, fleet officer),Bruno Schulz (1890-1958, psychiatrist, genetician), Bruno Kurt Schultz (1901-1997, anthropologist, in the Third Reich an SS “race” expert), and Bruno Schultz (1894-1987, economist).

BIOSEMIOTISKA INFORMĀCIJA: JĀKOBS FON IKSKILS UN GREGORIJS BEITSONS

Author(s): Toms Stepiņš / Language(s): Latvian / Issue: 1/2020

A tendency in the contemporary field of biosemiotics, following the so-called informational turn in philosophy, is an attempt to explain the fundamental nature of communication by abstracting from mere organic processes to the more basic phenomena of information processing. This informational reduction has turned out to be a critical theoretical move in different fields of technological sciences as well as in some parts of life sciences. However, the scope and role of this reduction in semiotics and biosemiotics remain controversial; the question whether a sign and semiosis – in art or life – is reducible to abstract information processing and whether this reduction has an explanatory value remains open. The first two parts of this paper are dedicated to an examination of the two most important sources of inspiration for the informational analysis of signs: first, the concept of the surrounding-world (Umwelt) and the model of functional circle devised by the Kantian biologist Jakob von Uexküll and, second, the concept of cybernetic information introduced by the Kantian anthropologist Gregory Bateson. These concepts are used to describe the behaviour of simplistic systems, both artificial such as Braitenberg vehicles and biological such as moths, showing that they capture the interaction between an agent and its environment on a functionally basic level that involves what might be called ontogenetic information, and at the same time implies the curious double signification between the agent and environment or what might be called phylogenetic information. The examination of these notions and the descriptions they allow is completed with a synthesis of both von Uexküll and Bateson’s ideas that yield a minimalistic concept of biosemiotic information (or Uexküll-Bateson information) – a concept that, albeit minimalistic, can be considered a fundamental part and a point of reference for further and more complex elaborations on the topic of biosemiotic information. The last part of this paper explores the utility of the concept of Uexküll-Bateson information briefly examining its methodological implications that might rule out an anthropomorphic bias, and, on a more critical note, draws attention to its explanatory power that, due to the concept’s abstract and somewhat metaphysical nature, might turn out to be insignificant, hindering any attempts of informational reduction in biosemiotics stemming from this or essentially similar concepts.

Brand Semiotics and Media Pedagogy

Author(s): Dinko Jukić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

The paper uses the application of semiological analysis to consider the idea of the role of parents in three different media. Since the brand encompasses the concept of idea and symbol, it is analysed from the aspect of marketing semiotics. The paper is based on Barthes' myth theory which we compare with Kapferer's theory of the brand. The significance of the identity construct in the digital game Life is Strange 2, the drama A Doll's House and the graphic novel A Distant Neighbourhood are discussed. The paper compares and interprets marketing with sociology, and semiotics with media pedagogy in an interdisciplinary way. The brand was analysed at the message and sign level. The paper discusses the meaning of the consumer and the meaning of the brand and shows the hidden meaning of the search for identity. All three media will serve as proof that in their discourse they have built brand recognition precisely on the existential and psychological development of the protagonists. It is concluded that marketing communication indirectly influences the formation of consumer perception.

Budismi semiootika I - Tartu-Moskva koolkonna panus: Pjatigorski ja Mäll

Author(s): Andres Herkel / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 17/2020

The article examines Buddhist studies within the Tartu–Moscow school of semiotics. At the beginning of Tartu semiotics there was a pleiad of orientalists and indologists using the semiotic approach for Buddhist studies. Alexander Piatigorsky and Linnart Mäll were important contributors. Piatigorsky and Mäll refrained from using theories and terminology from Western philosophy to interpret Buddhism. However, they used semiotic tools to describe such basic problems as: the hierarchies of thestates of mind; personological classifications; the difference between psyche and consciousness; Buddhist metalanguage and terminology; the term dharma; the impact of texts on the mind; the mechanisms of the production of new texts; zero and infinity as symbols for texts and sates of mind, etc. Their several articles in Tartu semiotics have timeless value for Buddhist studies. With the help of semiotics they were able to successfully deal with texts corresponding simultaneously to different states of consciousness and different levels of interpretation.

Bufniţa - simbol al înţelepciunii - siglă a Bibliotecii Judeţene Mureş

Author(s): Maria-Magdalena Fall / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 5/2006

Die Eule gehört zu der Vogelgruppe Strigiformes, und zur Zeit gibt es ca. 215 bekannte verschiedene Arten auf der ganze Welt. Die Eule wurde schon von Aristotel beschrieben aber die erste wissenschaftliche Beschreibung hat Plinius gemacht. Der unverwechselbare Merkmal einer Eule ist das Eulengesicht, das durch den dicken Kopf, die großen, nach vorne gerichteten Augen, den großen Gesichtsschleier und einen kräftigen Hakenschnabel gekennzeichnet ist. Dieses Gesicht lässt sie uns sehr menschlich erscheinen. Sie ist dämmerungs- und nachtaktiv. Sie sind vorzüglich an die nächtliche Lebensweise angepasst, durch den geräuschlose Flug, das scharfe Sehen und das ausezeichnete Hören. Die Eule fasziniert uns, aber löst bei uns gleichzeitig Angst aus. Sie wurde verehrt, gefürchtet, bewundert und vervolgt. Deshalb stellt sich die Eule in Mythos, Volksglauben und Symbolik aller Völker und über alle Zeitepochen in vielen widersprüchlichen und abergläubischen Bilder dar. In Griechenland war die Eule gut angesehen und galt als Weisheitsvogel, ausgewält von der Göttin Athene, der Beschützerin Athens und Göttin der Weisheit. Auf den griechischen Münzen - Tetradrachmen - war der Kopf der Athene auf der Vorderseite abgebildet und auf der Rückseite eine Eule mit Ölzweig. Diese Münzen wurden kurz „Eule“ genannt. In Mytologie und Volksglauben aller Kulturen galten die Eule oft als Dämonen oder Unglücksboten. Von den Angehörigen eines Sterbenden wurde der Nachtvogel als Totenvogel gesehen, der kam, um die Seele des Toten zu holen. Bei den Indianern Nordamerikas, in Teilen Afrikas und Arabiens, in Australien und China wurde die Eule positiv als Mittlerin zwischen den Welten mit der Seelenwanderung in Zusammenhang gebracht. Die Eule kommt auch in Kunst und Literatur vor. Sie wurde gezeichnet, gemalt und bildhauerisch gestaltet von mehreren Künstlern zum Beispiel Michelangelo, Albrecht Dürer, Hieronymus Bosch, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Celestino Piatti, Heide Dahl und andere. Sie kommt in Literatur auch vor, zum Beispiel bei Shakespeare, Homer und Brüder Grimm. Die Eule wird häufig als Symbol der Weisheit mit Doktorhut und Talar oder auch auf Büchern sitzend dargestellt. Viele Schulen, Universitäten, Bibliotheken, Buchhandlungen und Buchverlage haben die Eule als Emblem gewält, so auch die Kreisbibliothek Mureş (Biblioteca Judeţeană Mureş).

Cartographies of the mind: Generalization and relevance in cognitive landscapes

Author(s): Sergio Rodríguez Gómez / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The problem of relevance, at individual agent scale – or how we decide what is adequate for our interpretation of the signs we encounter in the world – is a question that keeps reappearing in semiotics and other disciplines concerned with meaning. In this article I propose an approximation on relevance that conceives meaning as a trajectory across a cognitive landscape. Unlike conventional accounts on relevance, which presuppose mental processes built on feature-based representations, my proposal suggests conceiving cognition as a fluid and emergent field of attractors basins that become specified and modified when experiences appear, and conceiving meaning as a trajectory across the cognitive field. Consequently, I suggest that when cognitive landscapes better fit world experience, agents’ categorizations will be more relevant. My proposal is mainly supported by two approaches: the enactivist notion of structural coupling and the theories of dynamic neural populations of Walter Freeman III.

CLARITATE PRIN GÂNDIRE CRITICĂ

Author(s): Radu Aurelian Panait / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: Summer/2020

For the better part of the pandemic, through exercises in prudence and usefulness, I have stumbled upon the realisation that, more often than not, a wellraised question weighs more than an unhinged or lackluster answer. Thusly, my utmost intention is that of delivering a recourse to clarity, logical reasoning and socratic wisdom. Although a bare dilettante of wiseness and critical thinking in general, I find myself in an equally opportunistic and imperative environment. As a sophomore, my knowledge and impact are equally insufficient. However, human consciousness is such that, even in dire straits, it is capable of digging through the most strenuous of circumstances. My efforts have made the thread of the article take you through, and over, what I consider to be, the two most important barriers that stand in the way of a cohesive and efficient fightback, guided all the while, by the erudition of some of the brightest minds of humanity. From Antiquity to 20th century Modernity. I designated my efforts to specifically outline the threats I consider to be of infamous impact. Incompetence, delusions of grandeur, immorality and logical fallacies, to name a few. I inquired into the specificity of philosophical language and its shared similarities to journalism, as well as their crippling asymmetry. Moreover, I emphasize the necessity of realizing one’s intellectual limits and urge my peers to anticipate and become aware of our sporadic shortcomings. Lastly, I target the paradoxical idiosyncrasies of philosophical vocabulary and how, in its exigent intentions, it unwillingly envelopes its audience in sheer fluster.

Code biology: A bird’s-eye view

Author(s): Marcello Barbieri / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2020

Biosemiotics is the synthesis of biology and semiotics and its founder, Thomas Sebeok, was a student and a strong supporter of Charles Peirce, which explains why biosemiotics has been, since the beginning, a field firmly based on Peircean semiotics and Peircean philosophy. In the history of biosemiotics, however, there has been a brief period – between 2004 and 2012 – when a serious attempt was made to build an ‘extended biosemiotics’, one that was not confined into the straitjacket of the Peircean approach. Eventually, however, that attempt was officially rejected by the majority of the biosemioticians, and the result was that in 2012 a small group of people broke away from biosemiotics and founded the new research field of code biology.

Comparing Axiomatic Theories of Truth

Author(s): Mateusz Łełyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Comunicarea Prin Muzică șI Nuanțele ei. Studiu de Caz: Maynard James Keenan

Author(s): Radu Aurelian Panait / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 5/2020

This essay is an analytical and descriptive perspective on the ways in which communication can be achieved through music. I expand on this point of view by taking into account the direct (verbal) as well as the indirect communication, in the instances in which it appears in the context of music. As follows, I set out to present the genealogy of the creative process behind the American singer Maynard James Keenan, as well as the projects in which he is involved. I will take into account the appropriateness of semiotic principles on the subject at hand, as well as the different aesthetic and philosophical levels relevant to the topic. To begin with, I propose a brief introduction into Keenan's life. Next, I explore the communication and aesthetics of his lyrics in two different ways (corresponding to the main musical projects that he is part of). Finally, I highlight his relevance and influence by means of artistic and philosophical insight.

CONSTRUCȚIA SOCIALĂ A REALITĂȚII

Author(s): Constantin Mireanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 04/2021

Defining reality and the mechanisms people use to perceive it is a difficult and challenging task in this age of post-truth, where everything is relative, interpretable and dynamic, without generally accepted norms. However, there is a close relationship between the individual and the social environment. This binomial is a construction that integrates the human mind, body, spirit and environment. The continuous interaction between the individual and the social environment creates the reality that manifests itself as a continuous process of coding and decoding. The way we interpret a situation determines the consequences of our actions and even the way things can evolve, so starting from the wrong premises, from a wrong interpretation of a situation, people behave accordingly. Therefore in this paper I shall review the main aspects of the social construction of reality starting with the way the representation of the individual about the environment, society, world is formed from the perspective of neuroscience, social psychology, cognitive sociology.

Content and Meaning Constitutive Inferences

Author(s): MARIA GARCIA-ARNALDOS / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Cutting down the Porphyrian tree: Objective reality as created by the innerness of living beings

Author(s): Anton Markoš,Jana Švorcová / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2020

The concept of hierarchy has been shown to be extremely useful in many areas of human knowledge, and parsing the world into higher and lower, more or less complex, developed, or intelligent units is a heuristic tool we commonly use in order to understand the world around us. A scala naturae extending from rocks to humans to angels to God, or nowadays from elementary particles to humans to galaxies, is integrated into the fabric of our worldview. The concept is especially useful in biology, where it features either in its static form in biological systematics (Linneaus), or in the historical, evolutionary dimension such as we find in the works of Darwin and Haeckel, but also in cladistics and other fields. Markoš and Das (2016) argue that the term “domain” would be more appropriate for classification of living beings because it does not assume a hierarchy. When considering communicational processes within biological systems, a heterarchical concept indeed seems more appropriate (Švorcová 2016; Bruni, Giorgi 2015).