Die Ethik des Seins oder Was für ein Mensch sollte zum Objekt der Ethik, Philosophie und der Theologie werden?
This is a research about ethics and philosophy, that valorifies the ideas of Saint Thomas d'Aquino.
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This is a research about ethics and philosophy, that valorifies the ideas of Saint Thomas d'Aquino.
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The original title of the essay consists of a play on words which is impossible to translate into English, built on the meanings of the Hungarian word for consciousness, i.e. “tudat”. Within his contribution, the author employs various etymological speculations, close readings of classical texts and original arguments in the original investigation of human consciousness. His dialogue partners are classic and contemporary authors, such as Daniel C. Dennett, Owen Flanagan, Sigmund Freud, William James, Bertrand Russell, and others. The author’s original reflections on their arguments effectively assume the form of a freestyle philosophical journal, almost written in a stream-of-consciousness style, which simultaneously exemplifies the intimate workings of human consciousness, also addressed at the theoretical level.
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The current debate on family is subject to rapid social changes which have had colossal negative impact on economy itself and on the economy of entire countries. The purpose of social and family life is not to bound, but to develop the human being. Thoughts about the future of the family are associated with education in the very sense that is pointed out by human experience. It can be said that Aristotle’s legacy is as follows: for subject, it is necessary to reflect pro futuro basic demand of how to be “together with others,” to act “with others” and, on which depends realization and completion of the subject’s being.
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Leszek Kołakowski draws attention to the fact that rationalism as a philosophical method and definitive certainty as the aim are mutually irreconcilable. Each rationalist philosophy must leave a margin for uncertainty, lest it transforms into dull dogmatism. This observation of the Polish thinker becomes a source of inspiration for Hans Albert. In his work “Science and the Search for Truth”, he agrees with Kołakowski that goals of philosophical endeavours need redefining and puts forward his own metaphilosophical proposal, which specifies what philosophy can and should achieve in the framework of critical realism. The author examines and evaluates Albert’s proposal, referring to another view of the nature and role of philosophy as the assessment criterion—the one presented by José Ortega y Gasset in his study “En torno à Galileo” [“About Galileo”] and other writings.
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Šis straipsnis apibendrintai perteikia kelių mano prancūzų kalba parašytų tyrimų, skirtų Filono Aleksandriečio egzegetinių veikalų vaidmeniui filosofinės egzegezės istorijoje, rezultatus. Siekiu įrodyti du tradicinėms filosofijos istorikų nuostatoms prieštaraujančius teiginius: 1) žydų Raštų egzegetas Filonas Aleksandrietis (apie 25 m. pr. Kr. – 45 m. po Kr.) laikytinas vienu iš filosofinės nefilosofinių tekstų egzegezės pradininkų; 2) Aleksandrijoje ilgai mokslus ėjęs filosofas Plotinas (apie 205–270 m.) veikiausiai buvo susipažinęs su egzegetiniais Filono Aleksandriečio veikalais.Už galimybę atsidėti nuodugnesniam „Teaiteto“ egzegetinės „formulės“ plėtotės platonizmo tradicijoje tyri¬mui esu dėkinga Lietuvos mokslo tarybai, finansavusiai mano vykdytą mokslo projektą „Filonas Aleksandrietis ir filosofinė graikų kultūra“ (MIP-064/2014). The article provides a survey of the results of several of my studies published in French and dedicated to the role of Philo of Alexandria’s exegetical works in the history of philosophical exegesis. My aim is to prove two statements which contradict traditional views among the historians of philosophy, namely: a) that the exegete of the Jewish Scriptures Philo of Alexandria (ca 25 BC – 45 AD) should be considered as one of those who initiated philosophical interpretation of non-philosophical texts; b) that the philosopher Plotinus (ca 205–270), who has studied in Alexandria for a long period of time, probably knew Philo of Alexandria’s exegetical works. For the possibility to consecrate myself to a thorough analysis of the exegetical development of the formula of Theaetetus in the Platonic tradition, I am grateful to the Research Council of Lithuania which financed my research project „Philo of Alexandria and Greek philosophical culture“ (MIP-064/2014).
More...Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
For among most contemporaries, the concept of Eros seems to have nothing to do with Christianity. Sifting through the psychoanalysis of sexual fantasy, theologically it says nothing. Our study gives reasons showing that for theologians since the dawn of the Christian era, Eros-love plays a fundamental role.. The connotations of this concept, however, are different from those of today, when its sensory meaning is more restricted to sexuality. Greek theologians of the first centuries after Christ, taught the concept of Plato enshrined as a unifying enthusiasm, the attraction of inferior to superior states, as “hungry and thirsty” for something continuously higher, developing, and enriching the connotation. The work of Dionysius ((Pseudo) Areopagite, the Idea of Good, leads us step by step up the ascent of the erotically chaste, and is identified with the One-God, who is the very source of love. Consequently, Eros-love originates from God, Eros- love being not only an ascending but firstly a descending love, which calls for a reciprocal communion.
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In this short paper I will argue that theology, or at least Platonist theology can be done with the scientific method, but that, perhaps paradoxically at first sight, this does not prevent the role of religion, nor the necessity of a dialog between science and theology (making it in part into a dialog internal to science) or between science and religion, seen as possible applied theology. It is important to keep in mind that science, well understood, has at the start something common with (some) religion, which is a humility and modesty attitude. Science is born from the doubt, lives with the doubt, and never abandon the doubting attitude in any of its possible conclusion. We just don’t know, in science, and can only make our beliefs/ assumptions/theories as much precise as possible so that we make higher the possibility of refuting them, so that we can abandon them or improve them. Theology, once made with the scientific attitude is no exception, and (re)making theology into a science, consists in reintroducing genuine doubts in the heart. Only bad faith can fear reasons. Only bad reasons can fear faith. When fundamental science forget this, it becomes a kind of pseudo-religion.
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In the article the author discusses the messianic hopes associated with childbirth. He contrasts the enthusiastic expectations for salvation associated with childbirth with Derrida’s concept of desert messianism, of hope without hope. The author then shows how the appearance of the child carries with it the promise of death, using the Greek myth of Kronos and the philosophical considerations of Georges Bataille. Next, the author focuses on the phenomenon of the loss of visions for the future, which he calls the “stillbirths of modernity”, and attempts to explain this reluctance to create the perfect world of tomorrow. The last part of the article is an interpretation of "Huba" ("Parasite", 2014), directed by Anna and Wilhelm Sasnal, which represents in this context an attempt to abstain from forced (re)production.
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The subject of this article is the concept of the masses in the social theory of Rosa Luxemburg.In this approach the masses are a big collective and a subject of social transformation,and the revolution. These masses also possess a specific wisdom (social andpolitical instinct) and they act spontaneously. In this article I also present the positionsof Luxemburg’s critics and my own opinion about the meaning of her theory. It is myopinion that Rosa Luxemburg’s concept should be viewed as a „transistional moment”,and as a necessary requirement for a marxist theory of ideology and social consciousness.
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Communist Party of Poland was clearly indifferent to the matter of polish independency.In order to describe and explain the attitude of polish communists movement directlyafter the first world war one may look at the heritage of Rosa Luxemburg. In the article itis shown that her hostility to the independency of Poland is bound to her resistance to thenationalistic ideology of PPS. The whole discussion between PPS and Rosa Luxemburgis presented in details. At the end author showed that attitude of Rosa Luxemburg wasmore reasonable in given context.
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At the turn of the century. Socialist ideas were very popular, especially among youth. Itwas no different among Poles living under occupation. Young Józef Pilsudski socialistconcepts associated with the possibility of fighting for independence of the Republic.He read socialist literature, the Capital of Karl Marx, whose content is not treated as theonly interpretation of the understanding of socialism. We can assume that he doesn’t fullyunderstand Marx’s proposed economic solutions. Certainly he wasn’t one of the theoristsof Marxism. Socialism for Pilsudski was not a goal but a means to implement the mostimportant of target – Independent Republic.
More...Ideologia i walka klas u młodego Zygmunta Baumana
This paper shows the analysis of the Zygmunt Bauman’s thought in his marxist period (1960s). Article starts with Bauman’s statement on importance of social sciences andhumanities in the building of socialist Poland’s Peoples Republic. Then author analyzescategory of „ideology”, a four main modern ideologies: conservative, liberal, ideologyof christianity and communist. Next chapter is focused on the issue of class warfare.This paper contains also general characteristics of terms „alienation” and „commodityfetishism” in Marxian thought. Young Bauman was communist and radical follower ofthe marxism. In conclusion, author in short underlines, that ideology could be helpful inscientific enterprise, but only, if thinker is consciously choosing ideology and knows itsstrong and weak sides.
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The main goal of the paper is to show, that Marxist vocabulary can still be relevant in thedebate on Polish transition and helpful to establish new recomposition of the workingclass, that will be more effective as political subject. Political recomposition of proletariatis treated here as a main condition of ability for Polish society to make history it’s ownsubject again. The paper also contains: some methodological insights on the conditionsof Marxism’s relevancy today; overview of some narratives on Polish transition fromMarxist perspective; and my own proposal to treat the transition as a part of new wave ofglobal enclosures, which is the essence of neoliberalism.
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Questions about the specifics of bulding of socio-political sphere phenomenon, lied at thedawn of countless attempts of systematization of knowledge over this subject, and of constructingthe axioms, responding to efforts to enucleate of algorithm, ruling the dynamicsof this sphere. One of such examples is discoursive research orientation. It was an effectof series of transformations inside social sciences during XXth century. Nonetheless, itsprogram was not completely utilized by researchers achivements. I would like to expressthe conviction that primary catalogue of inspirations derives from rich achivements ofMarxist thought. As node points of those considerations I take four inspirations: socialpractices, ideology, power and the political, outside of institutionalized politics frames.I do not treat these cathegories separately – because its reach intertwines, often as a consequences.Focusing on such subject of the following article, I therefore try to point out
More...Myśl marksistowska w twórczości Brunona Jasieńskiego
In my article I present a short, historical overview of the literary works of Bruno Jasieński,put in a chronological order and seen from the Marxist perspective. I refer to the statementson Jasieński’s oeuvre made by Polish Marxist critics both before and after WWIIand present their judgments about his books. I adopt a three-part division of Jasieńskilife and works proposed by Krzysztof Jaworski. Firstly, I focus on what can be called asa futuristic and salon socialism period. In this part I analyze Jaśnieński’s poetical debut –But w butonierce, a volume widely seen as being strongly influenced by the Russian Ego- Futurism. I also present a brief overview of the role played by Jasieński in the unificationof Polish futurist movement. Finally, I refer to Pieśń o głodzie, a narrative poem in whichJasieński combined futuristic and socialist inspirations, effectively inventing a new kind
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The author argues that modern literary studies and university teaching of literary subjects are tending towards so-called “interesting topics”, which are similar to the popular idea of “interesting men”, who are interested in women, wine and playing cards (respectively, gender and sexual issues, altered states of mind, contingencies). The results of this tendency of popularization are numerous, but all lead to a blurring of the distinction between scholarly works and works of fiction.
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The title of the reviewed collection quotes Aristotle's ΠΕΡΙ ΨΥΧΗΣ, however, the book compounds 37 contributions that give insights to the notion through a large scale of sciences: philosophy, psychology, cultural studies, linguistics, etc. The Soul is examined as a notion, but also as an entity in common practices, concerning other objects and contexts, or exemplified by myths and literary plots.
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The article reconstructs and critically discusses the energetic metaphysics of Dimitar Vatsov, which may be regarded as an important event in the philosophical life in Bulgaria. The article consists of two parts. The first part situates Vatsov's project in the context of the contemporary development of metaphysics and presents the evolution and logic of its realization, emphasizing the central ideas of actuality, energy, and codification. The second part presents a series of critical observations on the realization of the project, related to conceptual ambiguities and problematic theoretical moves. It is argued that the modal aspects of energetic metaphysics need conceptual clarification and theoretical justification. The article also aims to provoke a broader discussion on the state and future of metaphysical research in Bulgarian philosophy.
More...(за природата на желанието в древноиндийската култура)
The present article examines two narratives from the epic Mahābhārata (MBh), focused on the topic of desire (kāma) and the relationship erotic – ascetic (kāma – tapas). The first one is about the horned ascetic Ṛṣyaśṛṅga (MBh, 3); the second – about the teaching of God Kṛṣṇa Vāsudeva to the king Yudhiṣṭhira, culminating in the "Song of Kāma" (MBh, 14). Both narratives are interpreted in the perspective of Hindu ethics, whose foundation is dharma, a key concept of Hinduism. The epics propagate an ideal dharmic code of conduct, based on the so-called four life goals – puruṣārtha. One of these four life goals is kāma – the realm of desires, emotions and sensual pleasures.
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In this paper, at the example of Anthony Radyvylovskyi creation, we examine the impact of Aristotle’s works on the philosophical component of Ukrainian church sermons from the Baroque period. The culturological approach and methods of hermeneutics and comparative analysis were used in the research. The source base of this article was the texts of the Ukrainian preacher Anthony Radyvylovsky, who worked in the Baroque era. Separate texts of Aristotle were used for comparative analysis. The objective of this study is to investigate the usage specialties of the Aristotle’s texts by Anthony Radyvylovskyi in his own writing. The result should help to better understand the ideological influence of ancient philosophy on the formation of national philosophical tradition of the Baroque epoch. The ideological content of borrowed from Aristotle’s texts and mechanisms are traced to the use by the preacher. The list of Aristotle’s texts from which Radyvylovskyi quoted is provided. It is also shown that Radyvylovskyi uses the authority of Aristotle during moral teachings and philosophical thinking about the characteristics of human nature. The conclusion about the creative way of using the Aristotle’s ideas by Anthony Radyvylovskyi is given and significant philosophical component in the preacher’s written legacy is noted.
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