CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Doprinosi islamskih učenjaka naučnom poduhvatu u srednjem vijeku

Author(s): Maksuda Muratović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 59/2014

This article presents the contribution of Muslim scholars in development of science in Medieval age. It is considered that Muslims have not been only guardians of ancient Greek science, but have also made original contributions in all the fields of science and scholarship. Inspired by the Islamic outlook of nature and the Qur’anic instruction to “explore the nature with a tendency to come closer to God” the Islamic science and scholarship flourished. This knowledge was transferred to Eastern Europe thus playing an important role in revitalizing the learning climate and bringing scientific research methods to Europe leading it to Renesans in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

More...

Kršćanska teologija kao odgovor na islamski izazov – Historijska perspektiva

Author(s): Stefan Schreiner / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 61/2015

Od samog početka su kršćani, osobito kršćanski teolozi, Muhamedovu objavu, i iz nje proizašlo nastajanje islama kao religije i religijske zajednice sa zahtjevom na vlastitu Objavu i iz nje izvedenim odnosno na njoj utemeljenim zahtjevom na Istinu, na jednoj strani, i brzo širenje ove nove religije i područja vladavine njenih pristalica, na drugoj strani, shvatili ne samo kao društveno-politički nego, upravo, i kao teološki izazov. To se po kršćanskom uvjerenju uopće nije moglo desiti da se post Christum natum, nakon objave kroz Isusa (Mesiju) Krista, tačnije: nakon samoobjave Boga dogodi još jedna druga, nova Božija objava, kada se samoobjava Boga kroz Isusa Krista po svjedočanstvu poslanice Hebrejima dogodila “jednom za sva vremena” i “konačno” (Heb 7,27).

More...

Svjetski etos za međureligijsko i etičko učenje

Author(s): Günther Gebhardt / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 61/2015

Kad su u prosincu 2014. godine demonstracije Pegide, neprijateljski nastrojene protiv islama i stranaca, na ulice relativno iznebuha izmamile tisuće ljudi, od strane nekolicine zastupnika razboritijeg dijela društva brzo se začuo poziv da bi se to zlo moralo spriječiti već u školama a u prvom redu uz pomoć obrazovanja i odgoja. Škola je sada nesumnjivo jedna vrsta društvenog laboratorija, mikrokozmos u kojem se izazov suživota ljudi iz različitih kultura, a time često i religija, nameće posve konkretno. Taj se izazov nameće upravo ljudima koji se profesionalno trude oko miroljubivog i ljudskim vrijednostima zajamčenog suživota ljudi i koji pokušavaju stvoriti uvjete da pozitivnu i mirotvornu snagu religije možemo iskusiti i doživjeti. U kontekstu suvremenih multikulturalnih škola, on se naročito nameće onima koji predaju predmet religije, taj “mali predmet s velikim šansama”, kako sam jednoć čuo da ga naziva jedan nastavnik tijekom jednog pedagoškog seminara.

More...

ZAŠTO BI FILOZOFI TREBALI BITI UPRAVITELJI DRŽAVE

Author(s): Ivica Musić,Mate Buntić,Mate Penava / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

When we talk about the state, the key emphasis is put on its order and whether the best order is democracy, socialism or some other form of government. People tend to forget that the persons who rule are more important than the systems in which they work. Having seen this problem, Plato offered a solution that is, according to him, ideal. Namely, he believes that the state should be governed by philosophers. Of course, word philosopher is understood in its primary meaning – it refers to the people who love wisdom, people who strive for the elevated good. The paper discusses questions of societal order and the choice of the ruler, mostly through Plato's paradigms of political philosophy. Emphasis is put on the part about a philosopher's characteristics as a ruler and the reasons why a philosopher should be a ruler. The concept philosopher in this context refers not only to the people who are professionally involved with philosophy, but to all those who in their work exibit four basic virtues: wisdom, bravery, modesty and justice. In order to avoid a one-way discussion, the paper exposes also two theories that criticize the idea about philosophers as rulers. It is Kant's and Popper's notion of this problem. Based on these confronted attitudes, we conclude that there is no real rulership without an aretheistic approach to politics.

More...

Институционализирането на позицията на лекаря хигиенист в България от Освобождението до Втората световна война

4.50 €

Preview

Институционализирането на позицията на лекаря хигиенист в България от Освобождението до Втората световна война

Author(s): Veronika Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/2/2015

This paper presents the research results of a part from my dissertation „Health, Disease and Hygiene: Towards Social Construction of the Citizen Body in the Interwar Period”. In the dissertation, I conducted a study of institutionalization of hygiene through law. The focus of the article is the difficult process of institutionalizing hygienist-doctors in Bulgaria from 1878 to 1939. The final form of institutionalization is shaped by the biopolitical project of the interwar period.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Na początku był błąd…

Author(s): Monika Rudaś-Grodzka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Plato’s Timaeus, a dialogue on the creation of the world and the soul of the world, mentions a hidden mistake or defect inscribed into the structure of the cosmos. Gnostic philosophers examined this passage in the first and second centuries. In the Syrian-Egyptian writings of the Nag Hammadi Library, this mistake, on which matter is founded, becomes key to understanding the world as emptiness (kenoma). A similar perspective can be found in Isaac Luria’s Kabbalistic ideas as well as in the works of Franz Kafka. The latter’s short story ‘The Cares of a Family Man,’ a testimony to spiritual experience in which the author approaches the limits of what is human, has been variously interpreted by Theodor Adorno and other philosophers. Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem have made Odradek a reference point in their theological discussions. Rudaś-Grodzka’s anamorphic approach, meanwhile, presents a new reading of the story.

More...

О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ СИМВОЛИЗМА В СОЧИНЕНИЯХ КЛИМЕНТА АЛЕКСАНДРИЙСКОГО

Author(s): Dmitry Kurdybaylo,Ivan Gerasimov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The use of term σύμβολον in Clement’s writings is problematic because of differences between common doctrine of symbol and symbolism expressed by Clement almost theoretically, and particular examples of symbolism and allegoric exegesis, where Clement’s wording and underlying conceptions are strongly dependent on the relevant contexts. In order to bring the most instances of σύμβολον in a system we propose some classifications. Firstly, according to their function, we distinguish ‘protective,’ ‘anagogic,’ and ‘manifestative’ symbols; secondly, according to the contexts in which they predominantly appear, such as the Pythagorean tradition, Greek Mysteries, Egyptian religion and hieroglyphic script, and extracts from the Greek grammarians; finally, in the context of Biblical exegesis, where one can distinguish instances of typology, morally instructive allegory and symbolism per se. In the latter case the nature of symbol is constituted by Divine Logos who “signifies the invisible link between earth and heaven.” Such a reading clarifies the ontological importance of symbolism for Clement’s metaphysics and philosophy, and helps to explain some difficulties in Clement’s writings actual for Western theology.

More...

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФИЛОСОФИИ НА СТРАНИЦАХ «УЧЁНЫХ ЗАПИСОК КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА»

Author(s): Yuriy Nikolayevich Ivanov,Valeriy Vasilyevich Korolev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

In this article, we analyze the process of development of philosophical ideas at Kazan University during the Soviet and post-Soviet period and their reflection on the pages of the journal Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. We reveal areas of research carried out at the Department of Philosophy and make a conclusion that Uchenye Zapiski adequately reflected the level of philosophical thought at Kazan University in the given period.

More...

ПЕРЕОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ ИДЕЙ ГЕРАКЛИТА И ПУШКИНСКИХ ОБРАЗОВ С СЕМАНТИКОЙ ОГНЯ В КНИГЕ СТИХОВ Ф. СОЛОГУБА «ПЛАМЕННЫЙ КРУГ»

Author(s): Ludmila Viktorovna Evdokimova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper considers the features of interaction between philosophical and literary reminiscences in one of neomythological texts – F. Sologub’s book of poems “The Fiery Circle”. It is argued that the philosophical ideas of Heraclitus are often expressed indirectly in F. Sologub’s book of poems, through the mythologization of A. Pushkin’s leitmotif tropes with the semantics of fire, burning, as well as through the explication of their hidden meaning. The parallels between Heraclitus’ doctrine and the Greek mysteries drawn by the philosophers of the 19th century are reflected in the mysterial aspect of Sologub’s “fiery” images connected with the symbolist concept of magic art, thereby creating a new artistic reality as an analogue of the universe structure.

More...

Soteriologický kristocentrizmus v Hexamerone svätého Bonaventúru

Author(s): Pietro Maranesi / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2025

How to explain salvation as possibility offered to everyone and to the whole man? This question represents one of the most important subjects to which Bonaventure was turning his attention during whole of his life. Climax of this process is reached in his Hexaëmeron, the very last of his works containing twenty three conferences held in Paris, which, unfortunately could not be finished because of death of its author in 1274. Franciscan doctor presents in Hexaëmeron the figure of Triplex Verbum by which he brings to completion his soteriological cristocentrism: through the Verbum increatum everything was created, through the Verbum incarnatum everything was redeemed and through the Verbum inspiratum everything was revealed. These three moments of the Verbum expose objective dimension of the creative and redemptive speaking of God through the first and second cristological figures, and at the same time a cognitive dimension enabled by the third figure which illuminates man in his cognitive and sapiential return to the truth of God. Bonaventure was thus able to protect – against every form of antiintelectualistic spiritualism and also against rationalism closed in front of the revelation – and represent by his soteriological cristocentrism the very essential subject of his thinking: the unity of Christian knowledge in which mind, heart, reason and love are united in an intellectual and affective return to the mystery of God, who supports and includes everything.

More...

Defining Magic in the Ancient World

Author(s): Mark Geller / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Although many attempts have been made to define ancient magic, this is often made more complicated by assuming that magic can also include medicine, divination, witchcraft, and mystical speculation. I will argue that, in antiquity, each of these topics represents a separate discipline which cannot simply be included under the heading of ‘magic’ nor should they be confused with magic. Once these disciplines are treated separately, it is possible to arrive at a much clearer meaning for ‘magic’, which sets it apart from other types of theory and practice within a general category of ‘ancient science’.

More...

Deleuze, the Ritual and Magic as the Formation of Sense

Author(s): Cecilia Inkol / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

What is a ritual? A ritual is an enactment, an ordered series of actions to invoke certain states of consciousness, spiritual entities or to provoke an influence that ripples from the domain of imagination and intention to manifest spiritual, social, personal and/ or material effects. A ritual is bound up with repetition in connotation and practice; we repeat a ritual in the endeavour to induce again a particular outcome of effects. G. Deleuze’s philosophy has been productively compared with hermeticism (Ramey, 2012). If we mine the philosophical oeuvre of Deleuze, we can derive fresh insight into the nature of the ritual, what it expresses, and how it operates. For Deleuze, repetition is not what we think it is. Repetition secretly expresses difference and change: repetition is novelty. Repetition is the invocation of chaos, chaos as ordered structure, activating a non-chronological model of time that Deleuze calls the Aion. In Deleuze’s lexicon, the ritual can be conceived as a practice of magic that endeavours to create chains of resonance which energise a dimension of sense, as well as sense-experience or sensation. The inscription of sense is the generation of meaning, and creates new significations, how myth and poetry attain their valences, and is the promise of revolution or transformation. The inscription of sense is the creation of an effect, and the opening of a world. Sense creates existence through its expression, and thus is the locus of magic, as well as its invocation in the ritual

More...

The Magic of Mugham in Azerbaijan – a Synthesis of Mysticism and Philosophy

Author(s): Bogdana Todorova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Mughаm (Azerb. Muğam) is one of the main genres in traditional Azerbaijani music, part of the musical-poetic art of the Azerbaijan nation. The Mughаm combines philosophical poetry with the philosophy of music as a complement to the harmony of being. In 2008 UNESCO proclaimed the Azerbaijani Mugham as one of the masterpieces of verbal and intangible cultural heritage. Muğamat represents a collection of Makams (stations) (in Sufism, degrees on the path to the union with God), part of the Arab, Turkish and Persian traditions, which symbolises the path to perfection. It is related to the mystical-pantheistic philosophy, which relies on love as a philosophical category and is an integral part of the mysticism of Azerbaijan. This philosophy lacks radicalism or opposition between the material and the ideal, the Creator and creation, the rational and irrational. It strives to achieve human excellence while also preserving humanism and tolerance. The post-Soviet period allowed Western audience and scholars to become acquainted with the musical works of Azerbaijani masters of the Mugham and to compare their musical-aesthetic suggestion with German Romanticism. Therefore, this report is an attempt to reveal a little-known component of the contemporary life and the philosophical tradition of Azerbaijan by focusing primarily on the philosophy and magic of the Mugham.

More...

The Limits of Philological Reading – Some Observations on the Internal Limits in The Humanities

4.50 €

Preview

The Limits of Philological Reading – Some Observations on the Internal Limits in The Humanities

Author(s): Ivan Popov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The article deals with the problem of the boundaries in contemporary humanities – if “everything is a text” and the process of assimilation and interpretation of new meanings is fundamentally open and infinite, then do we have any grounds to distinguish between different kinds of understanding of the cultural phenomena surrounding us? The central thesis of the article is that precisely those claims that are theoretical in nature should be read and discussed in a way that is alien to the philological perspective. However, this is not necessarily a problem – the internal heterogeneity of humanitarian thinking may be an advantage considering the point of development reached in the “camp” of the natural sciences.

More...

Синтетично-диеретичната аргументативна грешка: логика и логос в Аристотеловите трактати Реторика и за Софистическите опровержения

4.50 €

Preview

Синтетично-диеретичната аргументативна грешка: логика и логос в Аристотеловите трактати Реторика и за Софистическите опровержения

Author(s): Gerasim Petrinski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The present study focuses on the so-called ‘fallacy of combination and division’ or ‘synthetic-dieretic fallacy,’ as discussed by Aristotle in his treatises‘Rhetoric’ and ‘On Sophistical Refutations.’ Despite significant scholarly interestin these manipulative maneuvers over the last two decades, there is no agreementregarding the notable discrepancies observed in the two works regarding defini-tions and the examples the philosopher employs to illustrate them. The thesis to bedefended is that these are not two entirely different phenomena but rather two dis-tinct approaches applied by Aristotle to refute the paradoxes used in the Megarianschool of philosophy to seemingly disprove the concept of the static (εἶναι) natureof being and ‘prove’ their idea of an eternally changing dynamic world (γίγνεσθαι).A new approach will be proposed towards the specific argumentative fallacies and linguistic means underlying the logic-linguistic phenomena described by Aristotle.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Pride, Reason and Salvation. Reflections on the Meaning of Thomas More’s Utopia

Author(s): Svetoslav Malinov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The aim of this paper is to recover the original intention of Thomas More in creating the fictional island depicted in his book Utopia. Drawing on Erasmus’ 1519 letter, the author suggests beginning with Book II and analysing it separately from Book I. This approach allows for an exploration of the tension between its eutopian and dystopian aspects. The claim that through its unique institutions (notably the abolition of private property) Utopia has successfully eliminated pride, deemed the root of all social evils, is scrutinized and revised. While Utopians are neither perfect nor sinless, their religious evolution offers more grounds for optimism than disappointment.

More...

Pasja poszukiwania sensu życia w ujęciu Barbary Skargi

Author(s): Wacław Branicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 69/2025

The main research question is: what factors allowed Barbara Skarga to maintain a sense of life during her ten-year captivity in a Soviet camp, as well as after returning to her homeland. The method of existential and ethical analysis was used. The reconstruction of her experience and philosophy of life was made on the basis of her letters, autobiographical memories, interviews and essays. Attention was paid to those factors that were important for sustaining and deepening the meaning of one’s life. The most important factors that make it possible to experience the meaning of one’s life are a high level of self-awareness, the ability to constructively experience ontic solitude, the experience of oneself as a unique individuality, the ability to maintain moral agency, the experience of moral values as objectively existing, the experience of gratitude for the gift of being, the practice of unselfish thinking, the awakening of the desire to understand other people, and the experience of goodness as an ideal reality made present in the physical world.

More...

ATTRIBUTES OF GOD IN THE WORK OF LEIBNIZ – AN ORTHODOX AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Sorin Benescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

The research aims to identify the divine attributes in Leibniz's work and highlight his closeness to Christianity. The study begins with a brief characterization of the author, after which I move on to the analysis of Leibniz's work and philosophical conception, where I highlight the main lines of his thinking. In the third part of the work, I demonstrated the existence of divine attributes in his works. Finally, I concluded with a chapter of conclusions.

More...

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE FOUNDATIONS AND EVOLUTION OF CODICOLOGY

Author(s): Ştefan Lifa,Alexandru Fodor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

The article aims to provide a systematic and concise presentation of the main issues related to codicology as an auxiliary science of history. Greater attention is paid to the evolution of codicology as an independent science. Unlike many other auxiliary disciplines, in the case of codicology, uncertainties regarding the definition of its object of study have persisted for a long time. There are two diametrically opposed trends in this regard. One, prevalent until the beginning of the 20th century, included codicology in the field of study of paleography. The interdisciplinary approach that has gained more and more ground in recent decades has made this trend return with force towards the end of the 20th century. The other, in tune with the tendency towards specialization of positivist historiography, has drawn clear demarcations between codicology and paleography, representing the dominant paradigm for most of the last century.

More...

MULTIPLE RELIGIOUS BELONGING – CONCEPTUALIZATIONS, TRENDS, PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): Irinel Ciobotaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

A significant phenomenon generated by the experience of religious plurality is multiple religious belonging or hybrid religious identities. This reality can take diverse forms, ranging from a fragmented combination of elements from several religious traditions to a selective integration of specific teachings and practices driven by a set of normative principles, often anchored in one or another of these traditions. The article aims to explore this new trend of multi-religious identity.

More...