Wojny zewnętrzne Septymiusza Sewera w ocenie Kasjusza Diona i Herodiana

Author(s): Daniel Zioła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2016

W okresie rządów cesarza L. Septymiusza Sewera państwo rzymskie zaangażowane było w liczne konflikty z sąsiednimi ludami. Kilka z tych wojen znanych nam jest ze źródeł literackich – głównie z Historii rzymskiej autorstwa Kasjusza Diona oraz Historii Cesarstwa rzymskiego autorstwa Herodiana. Pierwszy żył w okresie rządów Septymiusza Sewera i wydarzenia tych czasów opisał jako ich naoczny świadek. Jako członek rady cesarza (Consilium principis) miał możliwość zapoznać się z mechanizmem podejmowania decyzji przez cesarza. Drugi żył nieco później i wszystkie wydarzenia opisał z dostępnych mu źródeł. Obaj autorzy opisali bliskie ich czasom wydarzenia i obaj wyrazili swoje opinie i osądy na temat wojen zewnętrznych toczonych przez Septymiusza Sewera. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie ich poglądów oraz określenie źródeł wyrażanych przez nich opinii. Pozwoli to także określić, czy autorzy ci byli w stanie opisywane przez siebie wydarzenia przedstawić w sposób obiektywny.

Реториката отвъд канона: Епидейктичната теория на Менандър от Лаодикея и византийското тържествено красноречие

Author(s): Gerasim Petrinski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2017

The Byzantine eloquence is based on a strong foundation.This foundation is usually called, in spite of the absence of such a term in medieval texts, „The Canon”. This corpus of 5basic treatises, written by or ascribed to Hermogenes of Tarsusand Aphthonius of Antiochia, is prepared in the late 5th centurymostly for educational purposes in the „trivium” (grammar, rhetoric and dialectics). Nevertheless, the Hermogenian corpus doesnot include any specific directions for composing real epideictic speeches and is constantly considered insufficient in the higher educational schools of Athens and Antiochia. For this purpose teachers of rhetoric make use of another handbook written by anonymous author in the early 4th century A.D. This text is entitled„Περὶἐπιδεικτικῶν” and is ascribed to the famous rhetorician Menander of Laodicea. The aim of this paper is to present the classification of laudatory eloquence given by Pseudo-Menander,the main topoi, and the philosophical ideals of vir bonus dicendiperitus behind them.

Suarezjańska koncepcja współdziałania intelektu i woli w procesie stanowienia praw

Author(s): Jan C. Orleański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

This article issues from a critical analysis of Francisco Suarez’s deliberations regarding the acts and cooperation exhibited by human beings during the process of law-making. Its aim is to systematize the Jesuitical considerations scattered across his various works. The text is intended as a response to the lack of specialist scholarly studies in Polish in this field observable at the present time. It reflects research carried out into the following original Latin texts of Suarez: De legibus ac Deo legislatore (1612), De anima (1621) and De voluntario et involuntario in genere, deque actibus voluntariis in speciali (1629). Suarez, as one of the most refined of the Renaissance philosophers, exerted a tremendous influence on the development of ethics and jurisprudence. The subject of the article itself is both interesting and demanding, requiring as it does an understanding of the principles and forms of human powers — namely, intellect and will. In De Legibus the Jesuit considers the act of legislating as a complex human act on the part of the lawgiver. He distinguishes six acts of intellect and will consequent to which a law can then be created, as well as several indirect acts that have an influence on the process. According to the philosopher, law-making is a consequence of the mutual interactions occurring between acts of the lawgiver’s intellect as it steers both resources towards some given end and the will itself (inasmuch as the latter pursues this goal in accordance with the direction of the intellect).

Myślenie bez języka — problem w ujęciu Thomasa Hobbesa i Olivera Sacksa

Author(s): Katarzyna Doliwa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Thomas Hobbes studied many issues pertaining to language, one of which was the following: is it possible to think at all, and to think abstractly, without language? He assumed that people deprived of language would be able to create their own private languages that would allow them to engage in something understood by them, in their terms, as reasoning. Three hundred years later, Hobbes’s question received an answer from the prominent neurologist and writer Oliver Sacks. Based on his experiences of working with deaf people who do not know any language (including sign languages), Sacks argues that words and other conventional signs are only needed at a certain stage of the thought process. He proves that the scope of thought is much broader than that of words, and that one can, in a certain sense, think without the latter. However, Sacks emphasizes, as Hobbes previously had, that thinking which does not use universally accepted signs is imperfect and incomplete. Such thinking will not be expressed, and so isolates the individual in relation to life in society.

Problema transcendenței în viziunea realismului critic al lui Dumitru Isac

Author(s): Ionuţ Isac / Language(s): Romany Issue: 13/2017

This study aims at analysing the issue of transcendence from the perspective of the critical realism of Dumitru Isac. The research of the results obtained by the systematic philosophy („metaphysics”) along the historical eras has constituted the constant preoccupation of the young writings of Dumitru Isac (1914–1984). Starting with his notes in The Journal of Ideas and the articles published during the period 1936–1945, these culminate with the work Knowledge and Transcendence (1943). The last work published by D. Isac on this theme, inspired by the philosophical conception of Mircea Florian, bears the title of Critical realism – Philosophical synthesis (1946). Author’s convictions are situated at the crossroads of the gnoseological idealism (transcendentalism) with the metaphysical (ontological) realism – synthesis appreciated as desirable and achievable by the future metaphysics. Our study represents a continuation of the interpretation of D. Isac main works from the perspective of the non-symbolic phenomenology, which uncovers their spiritual consonance with the transcendental phenomenology and the fundamental ontology.

Idei şi concepţii filosofice în epoca slavonă din Principatele Române (sec. XIV–XVI)

Author(s): Dragoș Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2017

The paper presents the historical context of the development of the Slavonic literature in the Romanian Principalities, the main types of Slavonic writings that circulated in the 14th–16th century in Moldavia and Wallachia, and the philosophical content of these writings. Then, the most important writing from the Slavonic-Romanian period, The Teachings of Prince Neagoe Basarab, to his son Prince Theodosie (preserved entirely in a 16th-century Romanian translation) is presented.

Pătrunderea limbii greceşti în Principatele Române

Author(s): Șerban N. Nicolau / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2017

The paper will present the historical and cultural context of the usage of the Greek language in medieval Romanian Principalities, Wallachia and Moldavia, until the emergence of higher education in Greek and teaching philosophy in Greek.

Etičko razumijevanje erosa u Levinasovoj filozofiji

Author(s): Kristina Bojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11/2016

In this paper I will analyze one of the central ideas of Emmanuel Levinas – a phenomenon of eros, and try to show why erotic relation in his thought is designated as exemplary ethical relation, and how it is associated with other ideas introduced by this philosopher. I will provide a general overview of Levinas’ philosophy, with emphasis on his ‘showdown’ with traditional Western ontology and the establishment of ethics as first philosophy, in order to come to the main part of the analysis, in which I will consider the ambiguity and paradoxicality of phenomenon of eros, and the concept of feminine as principal in erotic relation. Also, I will try to explain and differentiate some more phenomena necessary for understanding of eros, such as caress and fecundity. In conclusion I will make a concise distinction between eros in Levinas and Plato, as well as distinction between eros and agape, but also I will clarify the erotic relation as asymmetric intersubjective relation within the Levinas’ philosophical project.

Kriza modernosti – nekoliko odgovora od Liotara do Vitgenštajna i Balarda

Author(s): Irena Javorski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11/2016

Once again the crises of modernity becomes actual because of the transitive nature of current situation in contemporary art (the postmodern is still a valid regulatory principle). Comparing classical texts of Lyotard (Jean-François Lyotard) and Habermas (Jirgen Habermas), with Rancière’s (Jacques Rancière) contemporary perspectives on aesthetics and politics – I will try to recontextualise Lyotard’s thesis on the necessity of rewriting modernity (and the modern) through return to original modernity (ie. avant-garde practices) which brought Lyotard closer to Rancière’s interpretation of the avant-garde. With reference on The Philosophical Investigations of Ludwig Wittgenstein, I will also examine connection between Rancière’s aesthetics and analytic philosophy and – in the case of literature of James Graham Ballard – try to show how critique of the modern works in practice (ie. how Ballard brought concept into neo-avantgarde literature).

Despre rostul şi utilitatea filosofiei în concepţia lui Mircea Florian

Author(s): Sabin Totu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Istraživanja povijesti srpske filozofije

Author(s): Lino Veljak,Mirko Mlakar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/145/2017

This paper presents works from Serbia dealing with the history of Serbian philosophy, whose roots began century and a half ago (the first overview was printed in 1868). Throughout the 20th century there were several detailed overviews, i.e. the histories of Serbian philosophy, but neither the teaching nor the studying of Serbian philosophy stabilized. Since the beginning of the 21st century the number of books published in Serbia on the aforementioned subject increased greatly. The systematic work of Ilija Marić stood out. Also, two books with the title Istorija srpske filozofije [History of Serbian Philosophy] were published, one by Slobodan Žunjić and an anthology edited by Irina Deretić. Among other things, the paper warns about many factual errors, and other mistakes which weaken the useful value of worthy monograph by Slobodan Žunjić, a competent researcher.

Komplementarność polskiej średniowiecznej antropologii filozoficznej i teologicznej

Author(s): Krzysztof Bochenek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14-15/2008

Egy testfilozófia alapvonalai

Author(s): Zoltán Gyenge / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 11/2018

Márkus tudomány-hermeneutikájáról

Author(s): Csaba Pléh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2017

Gașca lui Platon

Author(s): Adina Ștefănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2019

De ce fugim de femeile pe care le iubim?

Author(s): Adina Ștefănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 03/2019

A îmbătrânit Platon degeaba?

Author(s): Adina Ștefănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 04/2019

Romanul, un american de altădată

Author(s): Adina Ștefănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05/2019

On Not Taking the World for Granted: E. L. Mascall on The Five Ways

Author(s): William Haggerty / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Considered one of the leading proponents of natural theology in the 20th century, E. L. Mascall (1905–1993) taught philosophy and theology at King’s College London for most of his career. Unlike many of his contemporaries, he insisted that classical theism, embodied in the writings of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas, could be successfully revived for a modern audience. Known for his vigorous defense of neo-Thomism, Mascall offered an unusual interpretation of The Five Ways. While modern scholastics typically read the proofs as syllogistic exercises, Mascall maintained that God’s existence could not be deduced from premises, but must be grasped by means of a unique type of “metaphysical intuition” which he called “contuition.” In my paper, I will re-examine his position, explore his reasons for adopting it, and finally raise several questions concerning its significance for the history of neo-Thomism.

Jan Hus as a Philosopher: The Topic of Universals in Two Theological Contexts of His „Sentences” Commentary („Super IV Sententiarum” I, dist. 19 and 33)

Author(s): Ota Pavlíček / Language(s): English Issue: XXIV/2018

After a brief summary of the literature on the topic of universals in Hus’s writings, the present study continues with a summation of our knowledge of Hus’s commentaries on Aristotle, and a presentation of those of Hus’s other treatises which are the most relevant to the topic of universals. Although the topic of universals is fundamentally philosophical, a significant source for our understanding of Hus’s position is his theological works, particularly his Sentences commentary. Based on an analysis of Hus’s Super IV Sententiarum I, distinctions 19 and 33, the study shows (in the theological contexts of the divine properties and a comparison between God and a universal) that Hus was persuaded about the reality of universals understood as formal components of the essence of individual substances, which are different from these substances by means of a formal distinction. Besides providing further details on Hus’s philosophical realism, the study demonstrates that similarly to his position concerning the divine properties, which is based on Thomas Aquinas, Hus understood his realist position as the opinio media. Hus also agreed that there are many similarities between God and a universal, although, as Hus puts it, it would be devious and false if someone would want to see this likeness in all the aspects..