Państwo Boże w relacji do Kościoła i świata w De civitate Dei św. Augustyna (księgi 11–22). Teologiczno-filozoficzne refleksje na gruncie chrześcijańskiej historiozofii

Author(s): Michał Płóciennik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2015

The problem of philosophy of the history of mankind is in no way a clear and obvious perspective of reality interpretation, but rather an approach based on a certain definite ontology. One of the main categories of Christian ontology is the history of salvation, which constitutes strong foundation for the existence of the world and man as beings created through historical dialogue with the Creator. One of the first who made an attempt to express the Christian version of historic philosophy was St Augustine, according to whom the fundamental point of tension in the sense of history is the relation between the world and Church with respect to God State; it could be even more clearly seen in the eschatic reference of God State to the world and Church in their mutual perichoretic antinomy.

Феминизмът в спорта: предизвикателства пред философията на пола

Author(s): Boryana Angelova-Igova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This paper aim is to compare the different policies regarding women in sports and their criticism from the so-called "sporting feminism". In sports, as a miniature world, we can clearly see the inconsistencies between political goals and the philosophical theories behind them. The study traces chronologically the emergence of different feminist views that emerged in response to existing policies policies purporting to be pro-women.. There are polices for the inclusion of women in the so-called "male" professions, and in sports as well. But this inclusion is reduced to carrying out hard and low-paid activities, often excluding women from being able to make independent decisions in their own professional environment. Through the methods of the philosophy of sport, which is an interdisciplinary direction, the article looks for problems, benefits and opportunities regarding the better realization of female athletes.

Co to znaczy być krytycznym realistą? Dwie różne odpowiedzi: Nicolai Hartmann i Richard Hönigswald

Author(s): Iwona Alechnowicz-Skrzypek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

Iwona Alechnowicz-Skrzypek’s aim in this paper is to compare the two nonspecific Neo Kantians, admittedly both representing critical realism. Nicolai Hartmann, a follower of the Marburg School, was an idealist before becoming a critical realist, while Richard Hönigswald, a student of Alois Riehl, held on to the position of critical realism from the beginning of his philosophical career. There are many similarities between Hartmann and Hӧnigswald in terms of their understanding of the concept of realism. There are also several differences, which mostly relate to how they addressed the question of the thingin-itself. The most important difference concerns their solution of the problem of empirical data as a basis for the mental representation of objects. A comparison of Hartmann’s and Hönigswald’s approaches to this problem helps us to understand why both are considered non-specific neo-Kantians.

The Grand Economy: Nietzsche and the virtual political economy of life

Author(s): Sercan Çalcı / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Tracing the themes of political economy in Nietzsche’s thought, this article has two main purposes. The first of these is to problematize some narratives such as eternal return, will to power, and revaluation of values, which are the crucial concepts of Nietzsche’s thought, in the critique of political economy. The second is to re-read Nietzsche’s themes of political economy in conjunction with the concept of the virtual political economy of life, to link Nietzsche’s ‘grand politics’ with the overshadowed concept of ‘grand economy’ by making the move that put Nietzsche’s hammer on the idols of the established grammar of political economy. All of these themes are part of an economy of power that goes against the grasp of economics and political economy by grammatical thought. I call this political economy the virtual political economy of life.

Осемнадесета национална конференция по етика: Вяра и доверие – етически аспекти и морални ценности

Author(s): Vasil Lozanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

This paper is a review of the 18th National Ethics Conference that took place in November 2022 and was organized by the Department of Ethical Studies of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The aim of this review is to give publicity to the event by informing of the thematic panels, the titles of the reports and the names of the researchers who participated.

Нишката, станът и зависимият произход – във и отвъд линейното време (Древна Индия)

Author(s): Gergana Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The present study traces and analyzes the ideas of linear time as depicted in some of the texts of the Ṛgveda, the Atharvaveda, the Kauṣītakibrāhmaṇa and the Mahābhārata, and as presented in the texts of early Buddhism. From the thread of fate, which is the path of man, narrative, identity, through the web woven by day and night or by the two goddesses of fate, through the web of sacrifice, to dependent origination in early Buddhism, all these images and ideas are closely related with the notion of linear time. To go beyond this linear time, beyond the notion of LIFE IS A JOURNEY, is a penetration into the unspeakable, “into” the world beyond, “into” freedom.

Utopia, Sound, and Matter in Ernst Bloch

Author(s): Federico Rampinini / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Bloch’s philosophy of music is one of the most interesting of the twentieth century, particularly in the context of Marxist aesthetics. This article focuses on the various peculiarities of this thought, which seldom are highlighted. Firstly, through a new analysis of the musical sections of Spirit of Utopia and The Principle of Hope, the relation between utopia and music will be discussed in Sections 2 and 3 in order to show the originality of Bloch’s refusal of the Marxist base-superstructure model in the field of aesthetics. In contrast to the other philosophies of music, the study of music inspires theoretical speculation in Bloch’s thought and not vice versa. In order to demonstrate this connection, in Sections 4 and 5, the idea of the sound in Spirit of Utopia will be examined and compared to the conception of the matter as it is presented in The Principle of Hope, The Materialism Problem, its History and Substance, and other works. These paragraphs aim to highlight how the early conception of sound was the model for the later conception of matter.

Vztah těla a mysli podle Kanta. Kantova transcendentálně-logická redukce jednoho metafyzického problému

Author(s): Jindřich Karásek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 66-67/2024

The paper advocates the view that within Kant’s project of transcendental philosophy, the metaphysical problem of the relation between body and soul is reduced to an epistemic problem. The paper also aims to demonstrate the particular implications of this reduction with regard to the issues addressed in metaphysical conceptions of the relation between body and mind. Further, it is shown what conception of matter Kant develops within his reduction.

Kant a problematický pojem věci o sobě

Author(s): Jiří Chotaš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 66-67/2024

The paper discusses Kant’s distinction between appearances and things in themselves, phenomena and noumena, and the problem of affection. The difference between appearances and things in themselves is understood as a methodological difference between two manners in which an object can be viewed: either as an appearance, or as a thing in itself. The author claims that this double-aspect view is a consequence of Kant’s conception of space and time as a priori forms of sensibility. The difference between phenomena and noumena, on the other hand, cannot be explained only by the double-aspect view; Kant understands it also as an ontological difference between two different kinds of objects. The paper concludes with a discussion of the problem of affection. The author claims that this problem is a pseudo-problem if we understand the difference between appearances and things in themselves as double-aspect view. Kant had maintained only an empirical affection. Passages in which Kant seems to advocate a transcendental affection can be brought in line with Kant’s critical philosophy.

Stvoření a Setkání. Vybrané luriánské motivy v myšlení Emmanuela Lévinase

Author(s): Jakub Luksch / Language(s): Czech Issue: 66-67/2024

The paper presents some common motifs of two thinkers who, despite a historical gap of several hundred years, had common roots in the tradition of Judaism. The notion of the Encounter, as analysed by Emmanuel Levinas, and the cosmogonic process of Creation in Isaac Luria’s system of thought have a common motif in the phenomenon of the socalled “contraction” (Hebrew: tzimtzum). Despite the fact that for the first thinker it is the domain of ethics and for the second the domain of ontology, the act of a certain “self-limitation” or “withdrawal” plays in both cases a foundational role.

Gesamtkunstwerk i multimedija – između auratskog i tehničkog

Author(s): Livia Pavletić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 25/2024

The idea of the text is to question the similarities and differences between the concepts of gesamtkunstwerk and multimedia. These are terms that presuppose the search for a new form of unification of artistic forms, at different times and in different ways. The key thinker (and artist) of gesamtkuntwerk or that orientation is the composer Richard Wagner. The theoretician who was at the crossroads of the worlds of traditional art and the contemporary technical sphere was Walter Benjamin. He begins a new line of writing about art, which is supported by theorists such as Marshall MacLuhan, Vilem Flusser, Friedrich Kittler, Jean Baudrillard, Dona Harway, Lev Manovich and Maurizio Lazarato. The text will present the idea of gesamtkunstwerk and compare it with some of the views of theorists who accepted or rejected this idea.

Philosophy of Medicine

Author(s): Julia Vasseva-Dikova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Heidegger’s Political Anthropology

Author(s): Harald Seubert / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2024

The article is an in-depth review of the origin and development of Martin Heidegger's philosophical ideas with a main emphasis on his political anthropology. The basic concepts of Heidegger's philosophical system, as well as the social and political conditions of their formation and change, are examined in detail. In the text, lines are devoted both to the influence of Heidegger's philosophy and to the evaluations of it by the philosopher's contemporaries and later researchers. The idea that the story of Heidegger's life cannot be separated from his thinking is successfully defended, especially since his political ideas or delusions have a concrete origin in the social and conceptual processes of Europe in the middle of the 20th century.

„Кронос“ като ум и „Афродита“ като душа в античната антропология. Съкрушената душа в съвременното общество

Author(s): Elitsa Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

The purpose of this article is not to clarify the authenticity and various features of Pythagoreanism, but to trace whether it has an influence on different philosophical currents on how the human being is perceived as two incompatible alternatives – as a transitory form of the animal or as a divine creature. The fact is that there is no clear and consensual definition of what constitutes a person. The separation of soul and body in man as two separate entities belonging to different dimensions is also a concept inherited from antiquity. Matter as evil and soul as good has been a philosophical maxim since the time of Pythagoras. Thus, the human being remains outside the unity of nature as torn into two different entities. They relate to the being, matter and time differently. They express his different natures – the low and the high, the small and the large, matter and ether. The interpretation that soul and body are connected only indirectly and that this makes man imperfect is the root of an erroneous but established notion. In this sense, it is important to rethink from a modern perspective where human perfection lies, such as the right to choose and freedom.

Николай Данилевски за ценността на славянския културно-исторически тип

Author(s): Rosen Rachev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

This article examines some of the Slavophilic views of Nikolai Danilevski on the relationship between Russia and Europe. The article presents the Cultural-Historical Types theory as the foundation of the natural historical system classification. The author’s main arguments that the West and the Western civilization are in decline, in contrast to the Slavic cultural-historical type, which is on the rise, are articulated. The vision of the future is formulated through the idea of the all-encompassing unity of the Slavic world where Russia has a leading role. This unification can and must be implemented along four lines – religious, cultural, political, and socio-economic activities. Their organic consolidation is the prerequisite for the emergence of the Slavic Type as the axis of global history and supreme value for the development of mankind.

Обектът res in se като непознаваем по Бъркли

Author(s): Hristiyana Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The report deals with the visible and material world that could prove its existence only via the perception of a specific consciousness and sensorium. The text also refers to the reality of knowledge that can be collected from various material epistolary or graphic monuments, and it is the professionalism and labour of persons of science who struggle to decode the hidden valuable information. This information is seen as knowledge of great capacity and needs to be conveyed from past to present with a focus on the future. This worth-it knowledge could be carried over via material written “monuments” or via spoken, viva voce, means which is filmier but still a method.

Dispositifs pulsionnels et économies de la subjectivation: actualités de Nietzsche au prisme de Pierre Klossowski

Author(s): Thibaut Vaillancourt / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

This article aims to reposition Nietzsche's thought within contemporary fields of research through the prism of its reception by Pierre Klossowski. Our analysis makes use of Klossowski's unpublished manuscripts, allowing us to better articulate and situate Nietzsche's thought within Klossowski's thought, which is nourished by a dialogue that goes beyond his work devoted to Nietzsche and develops an analysis that is particularly amenable to updating. In developing a Nietzsche-informed general economy of subjectivation, Klossowskian theory tends toward various aspects of theoretical explorations present in media thought and the posthumanities. In doing so, we show that Nietzsche's thought, as approached by Klossowski, allows for unprecedented connections that shed light on the genealogy of the posthumanities, conceptually enrich research in Media archaeology and Science and Technology Studies, and anticipate the crucial role of affect and information in contemporary processes of subjectivation.

The Concept of Education of Paweł Smolikowski CR (1849–1926)

Author(s): Dominika Jagielska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Paweł Smolikowski CR was a priest, missionary, doctor of theology, as well as a philosopher, historian and writer. A member of the Resurrectionist congregation, he is still regarded as one of the main representatives of Resurrectionist philosophical and pedagogical thought at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He left behind a rich legacy. His concept of education fits in with the Resurrectionist educational system that was introduced in many places in Europe. In this article, I would like to present the main elements of Paweł Smolikowski's concept of education with emphasis along with its anthropological foundations.

Nietzsche's Labyrinth(s)

Author(s): Yvanka Raynova / Language(s): English,German Issue: 1/2024

Editorial for the Special Issue on Nietzsche by Yvanka B. Raynova

Международный Научный Семинар «Трансцендентальный Поворот В Современной Философии — 9: Метафизика, Эпистемология, Теория Сознания, Когнитивистика И Искусственный Интеллект, Теология»

Author(s): ANNA SHIYAN / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2024

This text provides an overview of the International Scientific Workshop (Conference) “Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy — 9: metaphysics, epistemology, theory of consciousness, cognitive science and artificial intelligence, theology”, held in Moscow on April 11–13, 2024, at the sites of the State Academic University of the Humanities and the Russian State University for the Humanities. The review examines both the reports on Kant’s transcendental metaphysics, made at the session “How metaphysics (as a science) is possible: on the way to transcendental metaphysics”, dedicated to the 300thanniversary of I. Kant, and reports on phenomenological problems, which were heard at the sessions “The Transcendental subject: Plato, Kant, Husserl”, “Transcendentalism and Phenomenology — 1:consciousness and cognition”, “Transcendentalism and phenomenology — 2: consciousness and reality” ,“How is transcendental theology possible?” and “Transcendentalism, cognitive science and the problems of AI”. The author analyses the reports of the seminar participants, grouping them around topics and problems, to certain extents covered in these reports: the project of Kant’s transcendental metaphysics, the peculiarities of the phenomenological approach to consciousness, the status and understanding of reality in phenomenology, the concept of a transcendental subject in a historical and philosophical perspective, etc. This approach makes it possible to present the current field of work of modern transcendentalists and phenomenologists and identify areas of future possible research.