Rzeczownikowe derywaty sufiksalne w gwarach północnomałopolskich i małopolsko-mazowiecko-wielkopolskiego pogranicza

Author(s): Beata Gala-Milczarek / Language(s): Polish

The book’s title and its methodology encourage its outcomes’ reference to, and comparison with, the results of the word-formative descriptions of general, historical, or dialectal Polish. The publication has been designed as a two-volume monograph. Part one aims at interpreting and systematizing the derivatives according to the following criteria: morphological, i.e. derivational markers within a type family, grammatical, i.e. word classes as derivational bases, and functional, i.e. word-formative and semantic categories. The taxonomy of the categories results from a paradigmatic regularity, i.e. the relations between the derivational markers, the grammatical nature of the bases, and the word-formative meaning. Of prime importance to this publication are the categories characterized by a paradigmatic regularity, cf. the deverbal nomina actionis, resultativa, agentis, desubstantive nomina deminutiva, augmentativa, professionalia, deadjectival nomina essendi, attributive, etc. The desubstantive derivatives also include the structural, tautological derivatives. The final component of the systematizing schema is the suffixal structures of no word-formative and semantic function, treated separately because of the quasi-morphological factor. With the adopted taxonomy, it was possible to highlight the derivational center, the grammatical nature of derivation, and the dynamics of deviating from the paradigm toward the peripheries with a more prominent role of the lexical factor. The monograph is based on Słownictwo ludowe z terenu byłych województw kieleckiego i łódzkiego, complemented with the data from Atlas gwarowy województwa kieleckiego. The horizontal frames between the rivers Vistula, Bzura, and Warta, as well as the geographical-linguistic criterion, sanction the adoption of the term of “the dialects of northern Lesser Poland, and of the Lesser Poland, Masovia, and Greater Poland borderland.” The lexis’s chronological caesura defined through the time of its collection, i.e. the land exploration of the second part of the 20th century and the age of the informants, born in the 19th century, points to its historical character. As regards the genetically diverse vocabulary performing different semantic functions and spread out chronologically, the inchronic method has been used, which does not decidedly discriminate between diachrony and synchrony. Inchrony does not depart from chronology seen as a historical phenomenon of placing derivatives in the past. It refers to the lucidity of the formation based on the detectability of direct relations – which stimulate categorical meanings – between derivatives and base vocabulary. Penetrating the depth of the chronological structure of derivatives is justified by their dialectal functionality, and often leads to unveiling the primary derivational act, the etymone. It serves the evaluation – from the perspective of the current function – of many semantic relations decided historically.

Kohezje w publicystyce okresu Oświecenia.

Author(s): Grzegorz Majkowski / Language(s): Polish

In this dissertation we take a problem of cohesion’s description in political commentary at the Enlightenment. I arranged the common regularities and cohesively rules for texts. The cohesion’s means are usually an explicit indexes – they are disclose in text – typical anaphoric: synonyms, hyponyms, hiperonyms, co-hyponyms and also nominal phrase and anaphoric pronouns, pronouns group. Among anaphoric’s indexes are also implicitly means in ellipse form. The overt index (question) has an influence on coherence political commentary. Near of coherence’s referencial means the cohesion is ensure by components of text, which generate functional coherence – conjunctions which every units of sentences is binding. The typical thing of structure in political commentary at the Enlightenment ages is graphics for example; italic, paragraphs. These texts which are making for analysis keep unity because they have enormous repetition’s system. We can say that repetitions made an cohesive ‘skeleton’. We can also distinguish an lexical (łac. Recurrents), synonym’s repetition, syntactic’s parallels. Although repetitions (lexical) are broad components by the information, so because of cohesive, it’s justified especially when it’s deficiency the others bonds in text. That’s why, when for example anaphoric pronoun, anaphora’s ellipsis delete an excess repetition, they are very rarely in text. In small field in the prints from the Enlightenment are characterized by hyponym’s coherence and co-hyponym’s. Generally speaking the political commentary from 18th century are not saturated external indicators. Some of the sentences units are cohesively not only one but plenty of cohesion’s means. In this way the cohesion’s focus arises in text. The cohesion’s indexes join the sentences and also they have text communicatived and stabilized typical text form. So that’s why we have many repetitions in publications where transparent and logic’s argumentation are very important. And cohesion which is realized by compensation – anaphoric pronoun and anaphoric ellipse condense text and that have influence on economics’ text, but only when they are not use so a lot of time. The political commentary which were use at the Enlightenment period by the formal form between intersentences, we have to understand them like a universal form in historical polish language. The same types of meaning are in political text in different ages. The analyses of exemplificative material allows to conclude, that in the Enlightenmentpolitical commentary is many described in this dissertation – master of cohesion from formal level, so mutual rules of cohesion and rely by them is the structure of text. The formal means of cohesion’s political commentary at the Enlightenment need to recognize as important factor in texts. The classified and described means of cohesion serve to persuade the message recipient to adopt a definite political view. They have a persuasive value and they indicate the persuasive function of the text. In the 18th century political writing certain cohesive – persuasive patterns can be distinguished e.g. cohesive – emotional (affective) or cohesive – graphic ones. The text disposition (composition) should also be noted.A text is a unit of language in use. A text is a communicative and functional occurrence.

Index alfabetyczny i index a tergo do słownictwa ludowego Karola Dejny

Author(s): Beata Gala-Milczarek,Grażyna Frank-Rakowska / Language(s): Polish

Publikowanie indeksu alfabetycznego i indeksu a tergo wyrasta z przeświadczenia o przydatności takich indeksów w badaniach nad poszczególnymi składnikami systemu, szczególnie w pracach nad słowotwórstwem (Gala, 2010). Świadomość taką i intencję wyraził autor Słownictwa ludowego w słowach „zbiór słownictwa ludowego (...) będzie (...) służył jako źródło materiałów badawczych z zakresu fonetyki i słownictwa, a po sporządzeniu indeksu haseł a tergo do badań słowotwórczych” (Dejna, 1974: 194). Słownictwo ludowe z terenu byłych województw kieleckiego i łódzkiego zostało opublikowane w „Rozprawach Komisji Językowej ŁTN”, t. XX– XXXI, w latach 1974–1986. Było gromadzone w drugiej połowie XX wieku a pochodziło od informatorów urodzonych w końcu XIX wieku i na początku wieku XX. Powyższe warunki chronologiczne wpisują materiał w cezurę historyczną. Publikowany zasób określa autor jako słownictwo ludowe, to znaczy takie, które było w użyciu ludności wiejskiej, w mowie ludowej bez rozstrzygania o jego gwarowym, innogwarowym czy ogólnopolskim pochodzeniu. Pojęciu słownictwa ludowego i jego atrybutom – wyrażania właściwości leksykalnych, morfologicznych, fonetycznych oraz syntaktycznych – została podporządkowana postać hasła. Za hasło przyjął autor „każdą synchronicznie (dla połowy XX wieku) wyodrębniającą się od innych układem fonemów, strukturą morfologiczną, znaczeniem czy funkcją syntaktyczną jednostkę słownikową, nie wyłączając takich typów jak: wyrazy z właściwością fonetyczną, która nie jest odbiciem ogólnych systemowych cech wymowy danej wsi, lecz ogranicza się do jednostkowych wyrazów (krzasło, kapalusz, kieluszek, krzept, (...) mitka, boczoń itp.; wyrazy przekręcone względnie zmienione przez etymologię ludową (nizinier, rozerwiska, (...) omętra); deminutiwa nie posiadające własnych znaczeń (koźlątko, koziołeczek); formy stopnia wyższego i najwyższego (dłukszy, nalepszy, najlekciejszy); niektóre imiesłowy (wyplety, on jest bojący); odrębne typy fleksyjne (karuzel, mysza, brwia, brzucho, tąpól, jud, paskud, nieszpór, pszenni, trzeźbi); oba człony zestawień (kozia broda, ten sam, tędy owędy); drugi człon zestawienia przyimkowego, jeśli nie posiada samodzielnej podstawy słowotwórczej (na bosaka, w dyrdy); urzeczownikowione przymiotniki czy liczebniki (złoty, młoda); formy przypadkowe w funkcji przysłówkowej (gwałtem, ławą, siła, ‘ile, wiele’); wyrażenia przyimkowe w użyciu przysłówkowym (z cicha, bez mała, na gorąco)” (Dejna, 1974: 195) itd. Taki szeroki zasób haseł przytoczony w porządku alfabetycznym, w pisowni ogólnopolskiej, w formie podstawowej z pominięciem właściwości ogólnie znanych, np. mazurzenia, rozłożenia nosówek, labializacji, samogłosek pochylonych, zmian samogłoskowych przed spółotwartymi, wyznacza formułę indeksu alfabetycznego i stanowi podstawę indeksu a tergo.

Kontaktusjelenségek az erdély magyar nyelvváltozatokban

Author(s): Attila Benő / Language(s): Hungarian

The book is a monograph on the sociolinguistic and contactological phenomena in the Hungarian language variants used in Transylvania (Romania). The work integrates the previous researches in the field and shows the new results of direct and indirect contact processes analysis based on recent empirical surveys. The means of foreign words’ integration and phrases are particularly emphasized. Romanian, as a state language, has a considerable effect on the Hungarian language variants in Transylvania. This process is structurally analyzed at different levels from morphology to syntax. The influence of English on Hungarian is also discussed in several chapters.The lexical and lexicographic sources for the research are the recognized dictionaries for Hungarian (for example: A magyar nyelvjárások román kölcsönszavai [Lexical Borrowings of Romanian Origin in Hungarian Dialects]) and recent lexical databases (Termini Online Dictionary). The description of the contactological processes also uses the findings of recent MA and PhD dissertations written at Hungarian Linguistic Department (Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj/Kolozsvár). The sociolinguistic observations also make use of the representative survey conducted by the Institute for National Minorities Studies (Cluj / Kolozsvár) in 2009. The description of lexical borrowings also covers proper names, such as surnames and toponyms. The borrowings of proper names are presented both from diachronic and synchronic approach, making use of the new database as the Database of Hungarian Surnames (ed. Vörös Ferenc).The book’s observations and conclusions can be useful both in the description of present-day Hungarian as well as in the language’s planning and policy.

Увод у фази лингвистику

Author(s): Milorad Radovanović / Language(s): Serbian

Čemu ovakav spis? Ovaj je ogled ponajviše proizvod moje lingvističke, antropološke, kognitivističke i filozofske lektire, kako one tradicionalne, tako i one novije. Presudno, rekao bih to sada po oblikovanju spisa, one lektire koja je nastajala u dvadesetom veku, i u godinama što su neposredno za nama. Matematički, formalnologički i informatički deo znanja, deo koji je takođe bio značajan (svojevremeno čak i prelomno) za u temeljenje i afirmisanje ove teme, manje će u ovom ogledu biti zastupljen. Za podrobno vlastito obaveštavanje o njemu, kao i za informisanje čitaoca u tom smeru, potrebno je obezbediti saradnju specijaliste, matematičara-informatičara, na čemu svesrdno radim, te očekujem da znakovi i rezultati tog angažovanja budu u ozbiljnijem opsegu primetni tek u narednoj sintezi ove vrste, koju planiram da sačinim u dogledno srećno vreme - sa zamišljenim naslovom: Fazi logika i lingvistika (Ka teoriji jezika i mišljenja).

Topics in Syntax and Semantics. Linguistic and Philosophical Perspectives

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Syntax and semantics are traditional areas of the study of language recognised in linguistics and philosophy of language. This overlap of research areas seems to justify publication of a volume containing both linguistic and philosophical papers on selected issues pertaining to syntax and semantics. While linguistics and philosophy of language remain distinct disciplines in a number of ways, this collection of papers attempts to demonstrate that exchange of ideas by the representatives of the two fields is not only possible: it can actually be fruitful. The major goal of this volume is to bring together the efforts of linguists and philosophers (representing different schools of thought within respective disciplines) trying to explore selected topics in syntax and semantics. The most obvious contrast between linguistics and philosophy of language – the preoccupation with the morphosyntactic distribution of specific linguistic elements in the former and striving for precise semantic analyses that abstract from language-particular morphosyntactic detail in the latter – is still visible throughout the book. Yet, one can observe some degree of openness to insights from philosophical investigation on the part of linguists and from linguistic research on the part of philosophers. This openness involves, among other things, ingesting the results of investigation in the other field, employment of terminology or even ‘borrowing’ some methods of research.

Metodologie językoznawstwa. Od diachronii do panchronii

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The volume brings eight studies concerned with different aspects of linguistic methodology. Authors present several important issues in Polish historical linguistics, corpus and quantitative linguistics, legal language, axiology, cultural linguistics, and panchrony. They focus on traditional problems in linguistic analyses and suggest new and innovative solutions.

Императивът в съвременния български език

Author(s): Krasimira Angelova Chakarova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The subject of the scientific analysis in the present book is the Bulgarian imperative – the only subjective modal grammeme which has not been examined in a separate monographic study. The main purpose of the author is to find a plausible answer to some of the most complex problems associated with the semantic meaning of this grammeme, with the specifics of its formal expression, its relation to the other grammaticalised meanings of the Bulgarian verb, its usage in various functional styles, as well as to compare it to the imperative paradigms in the other Slavic languages and to thoroughly describe the whole scale of alternative means for expressing volition within the periphery of modality (lexical, morphological, syntactic, etc.).

Various Dimensions of Contrastive Studies (całość)

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The collective monograph entitled Various Dimensions of Contrastive Studies contains nineteen articles written by researchers from university centres in Poland and other European countries. The authors analyse mainly data from English and Polish, including also linguistic material from other Germanic or Slavic languages, as well as from Romanic, Celtic, Altaic and Finno-Ugric languages. The chapters that make up the first part of this volume discuss the theoretical issues of the phonological, morphological or syntactic system of the languages being compared. The chapters in the second part focus on lexical issues, referring, among others, to the mechanism of conceptual metaphor and specialist terminology. The third part contains chapters on academic discourse, on the relationships between culture and language, and on the process of acquiring a foreign language. The monograph presents a variety of research problems in the field of contrastive linguistics. It is also an illustration of the variety of research methods and theoretical assumptions adopted by the authors of the texts. The book is addressed to linguists engaged in contrastive research (in various theoretical approaches). It can also be useful for philology students and other readers interested in language contact and linguistic diversity.

A contrastive perspective on figurative language

Author(s): / Language(s): English

In recent decades, linguistics has witnessed a rising interest in figurative language. The inspiration for this kind of research may be connected to the rise and development of cognitive semantics, which has made metaphor one of its key notions. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, in their seminal work titled Metaphors We Live By (1980, modified and republished in 2003), denied the conviction that figurative speech is an aberration or anomaly that speakers use only in a limited number of special contexts. Lakoff and Johnson postulated that metaphor, together with metonymy, are actually pervasive ways of thinking and common cognitive tools that motivate a remarkable amount of our language (2003/1980: 3). Their findings have been developed by numerous authors, who have contributed to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory with both empirical research into various languages, as well as elaborations on the theoretical issues.1 Furthermore, it has been observed that metaphors and metonymies may vary among languages: the ways speakers use non-literal language is not universal, but to a large extent it depends on the culture, including the background of the speaker, or the specific context of language use (Kövecses 2005: 292–294). The aim of this volume is to present various examples of research into figurative language from the cross-linguistic perspective. However, first, we want to focus on the notion of figurative language as such, and notice how its understanding in linguistics has changed over the past decades. Next, we will focus on the cross-linguistic research into figurative language in contemporary linguistics. Finally, the topics undertaken in the subsequent chapters of this volume will be shortly presented and discussed. (fragment of introduction)

Słownik językowego savoir-vivre'u

Author(s): Małgorzata Marcjanik / Language(s): Polish

A collection of polite phrases most frequently used by Poles at the turn of the 20th and 21st century, and their classification based on functions (greetings, wishes, salutations, farewells) and the reactions produced by them. Arranged into encyclopaedia-style entries, the phrases used by various generations become, through tradition, fixed in a specific form, recalled by language users from memory. The form, analyzed from historical perspective, evolves. Modifications of familiar phrases systematically created by young generations, often functioning very briefly, later lose their expressiveness, disappear and new ones emerge.

Procesy nominalizacyjne w zdaniach wyrażających relację przyczynowo-skutkową

Author(s): Jakub Lubomir Banasiak / Language(s): Bulgarian,Polish

The study is devoted to nominalization processes in sentences expressing the causal relation that can be paraphrased using pure causatives (verbal exponents of the causal predicate). The causal predicate itself is modelled according to Stanisław Karolak’s theory of aspect. Considering that this work is not theoretical in nature, its main merits lie in the description of linguistic facts. The application of predicate-argument structure theory enables a comprehensive description of syntactic and pragmatic features of discrete causative predicative expressions. The study formulates strict rules which govern their use and verifies certain claims concerning such issues as the distribution of a “raised” object and the semantic category of time. Each predicative expression is given its functional equivalent in the other language.

Mikrotoponimy i makrotoponimy w komunikacji i literaturze

Author(s): / Language(s): Slovak,English,French,Russian,Czech,Polish

The monograph Microtoponyms and macrotoponyms in communication and literature presented to readers, is a second publication issued as a part of the Nomina loci project under the auspices of the Slavic Onomastics Committee by the International Board of Slavists. The whole series is the outcome of deliberations started during the 18th International and Polish Onomastics Conference “Microtoponyms and macrotoponyms” (Łódź, October 27 – 29, 2012).

Международната научна конференция „Поп-култура, поп-политика: дигиталният обрат“, посветена на проф. Ивайло Дичев

Author(s): Niya Neykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2024

44 scientists participated in the International Scientific Conference dedicated to Prof. Ivaylo Dichev, on the topic: Pop-culture, Pop-politics: The Digital Turn. Interdisciplinary Analyses Of The Intersectionality Between Media, Cultures And Politics. The conference concludes the research project "Pop-culture, pop-politics: The digital turn. Interdisciplinary analyses of the intersection between media, cultures and politics" of the Sofia University. The conference was implemented with the help of the Cultural Studies Network, the journal "Seminar_BG", the Department of "Radio and Television" of the Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, and the Department of "History and Theory of Culture" at the Faculty of Philosophy, together with scientists from the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Woodcut Illustrations to the Gospel Text in Early Printed Cyrillic Liturgical Tetraevangelia. Part 1: Lviv editions.

Author(s): Jerzy Ostapczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Le présent article se concentre sur les cycles d'images narratives de l'Évangile, présents dans les premiers Tétraévangiles liturgiques imprimés en cyrillique et publiés à Lviv. Les sept éditions des Évangiles publiées par l'imprimerie de la Confrérie de Lviv, ainsi que celle publiée par Mykhailo Slozka, comportent de nombreuses illustrations narratives placées en lien direct avec les versets qui décrivent les scènes représentées. Une étude approfondie de ces cycles évangéliques d'images narratives, ainsi que les changements que les illustrations ont subis dans chaque édition, nous permettent de classer les modèles de représentation en trois groupes, et de diviser les huit Tétraévangiles de Lviv en deux groupes. Deux annexes présentent toutes les images narratives gravées sur bois dans les éditions des Évangiles de Lviv. Le premier appendice contient des représentations d'événements évangéliques dans les Tétraévangiles de Lviv, tandis que le deuxième appendice présente les illustrations narratives de l'édition de Mykhailo Slozka.

Le portrait dans les anciens livres roumains imprimés.

Author(s): Policarp Chițulescu / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2024

The painted, engraved, or sculpted portrait is an attempt to immortalize a person and preserve their memory. Often, portraits served both didactic and aesthetic purposes, particularly in religious texts. In Orthodox books, portraits typically depicted saints rather than individuals contemporary with the time of the book's publication. It is exceedingly rare for an Orthodox book to include the portrait of a person who was alive at the time of publication or who had passed away relatively close to that date. While the practice of including portraits of individuals associated with a book was common in the West, it is a notable exception in the history of Romanian engraving and printing tradition. In this study, we have sought to identify the individuals and volumes printed in the Romanian Lands up to the nineteenth century in which such portraits appeared. We have also examined the motivations behind the inclusion of these portraits, whether engraved in wood or brass. This research was inspired by the portraits of Elder Paisios of Neamţ († 1794), printed in books by his disciples. We will analyze these representations of the great hesychast and then explore several other portraits we have identified in Romanian books thus far.

The Manufactory of Old French Psalters. Part 2. The Genetic Stratigraphy of Douce MS 320 (Continuation) and Its Links with the Maidstone and Orne Fragments.

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei,Chapel Alessia,Lendinara Patrizia,Delattre Corentin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Le présent article s’inscrit dans la continuité de celui qui a été publié en 2023 dans la même revue (The Manufactory of Old French Psalters: Part 1…). Ce deuxième volet comprend d’abord une section de addenda qui complètent certaines parties du précèdent article. S’ajoutent ensuite les érasures dans diverses formes verbales, suivies par un recensement des corrections liées aux préfixes ex– et es–. D’autres séries d’érasures concernent différentes parties du discours: articles définis; pronoms personnels; pronoms réflexifs; formes possessives; démonstratifs; avec une étude de cas sur les choix de traduction du génitif eius, dont plusieurs documentent l’existence d’un antigraphe. Il s’agit souvent d’une hésitation entre les formes faibles et fortes. Des sections com-plémentaires sont consacrées aux érasures des pronoms relatifs et de la conjonction que; à l’adjectif pronominal toz / tuit; aux prépositions; à la conjonction é; aux signes de ponctuation; et aux particules négatives. L’ana-lyse des érasures du manuscrit d’Oxford, Bibliothèque bodléienne, Douce 320 se termine par un examen détaillé des corrections liées à différents phénomènes lexicaux. L’article porte ensuite sur les rapports entre le manuscrit Douce et les fragments de Maidstone, dont la transcription a été publiée dans le premier volet. Suivent une transcrip-tion des fragments de l’Orne (Paris, Archives Nationales, dossier AB xix 1734) et une étude sur l’origine de ces derniers et sur leurs liens avec le texte de Douce. Les choix de traduction pour le latin numquid documentent les liens entre Douce, Arundel (Londres, Bibliothèque britannique, Arundel 230) et Orne. Les choix de traduction du latin exaltare permettent en partie de restituer le texte latin de la source de Douce. Les différentes stratégies de traduction d’Orne, de Douce et d’Arundel semblent être des réécritures d’antigraphes similaires. Toutes ces ana-lyses montrent que Douce, Arundel, Orne et Maidstone proviennent de deux ou plusieurs gloses vernaculaires apparentées. L’article propose ensuite une perspective globale sur les approches vernaculaires de la traduction des psaumes en Angleterre jusqu’au xiiie siècle, qui documente l’interaction des langues vernaculaires anglaises et françaises avec les textes (et l’exégèse) latins. Il se termine par une discussion (appuyée sur deux exemples du xiie siècle) concernant le double pliage du Douce, lié sans doute à sa circulation et à son emploi dans la réalisation des psautiers bilingues à deux colonnes. Le troisième volet du présent article est prévu pour 2025. Il comprendra la transcription du texte de Douce (avec l’accentuation originale et l’emplacement des érasures), ainsi que plusieurs études complémentaires.

Echoes

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English,French Issue: 8/2024

Българските народни песни с мотив „Девойка спасява Малта“ – публикации, изследвания, въпроси. Част 1

Author(s): Snezhanka Gencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article summarizes the concepts of historicism of the folklore-poetic works established in our science at the end of the last century. It reviews the recordings and publications of Bulgarian folk songs with the motif "A Virgin Rescues Malta" and examines the research and opinions concerning them. The article also analyses the metadata, associated with the already published versions, throwing more light on the context of their existence at the time of their recording in written form.

Концептът „родина“ при завърнали се българи

Author(s): Tanya Matanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The present text includes a brief review of the publications and research on the theme of the motherland in Bulgaria and abroad. In the context of the contemporary migration movements some possible aspects and ways of studying motherland concept are also presented. By analyzing the attitudes of the Bulgarian expatriates coming back, the author presents the relation and the images associated with the motherland – i.e. the native home, the coziness of the home, the well-known nature, as well as some fragrances and feelings.