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The political marketing, as a concept and philosophy of management, with its planned-nalytical, scientific and creative componen, brings qualitatively new aspect into the confrontation of the political parties in the countries of the Developed West. The political marketing, using the results of numeous sciences highly educated people significant material means, deliberately tries' to direct an enormous electoral body toward the aim defined by a certain political party. Eventualy, the very last aim is to penetrate into the deepest layers of a human personality use all of its weaknesses, desires, needs, fers, hopes researched in detail before in order to offer it as a "political product" during the preelection campaing, Mass media play the main role, shaping the publicity and public opinion the way it wants. The application of this concept is the matter of ethic and depends on the society in concreto, and also on what the participants to the political strug gle mean by "political marketing". At the level of this approach seems unavoidable the question of manipulation, inddoctrination, narrowing the volume of the crtitical conscious, reduction of the reality to the some usually phenomenological aspect of the occurrences, which is subject of talks and scientific publications.
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The models of acting of the BiH media, first of all, due to its politically-manipulative segment, points at division of the BiH information and mediai system. That matter-off-actness complicates the whole situation in BiH before the Elections, and, also, confirms that without democratic model of mass communication there is no neither basis nor signs of democratisation of the society. Because of that, the situation in BiH will serve as a big media and communication experiment. An experiment to check out the type and the level of the correlation betwen the model of mass communication and ideological frame of its functioning.
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The national emacipation is a postulate, because that is an historical need. lt is possible along with democracy in which the equity of the nations is the Supreme Principle. Categorical Imperative ... On the other side, primitiveness, expressed through the principle that the co-existence of various nations is not possible, presents conciosness without the conscience and reaon. The historical and empirical \ struggle of the nations in the BiH multi-etnic, multireligious, multi-cultural society, in that sense is the real paradigm of our human contemporary times.
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Nation! (lat. natio - parentage, tribe, inlaws). Sounds very ''collective'', but sometimes may have outrageously exclusive meaning, in case o misinterpretation. If the essential presumption of the existence of a nation are: 1. stabile community of people, historically created, 2. common language in use within community, 3. common territory, 4. ''economic'' community, and 5. consciousness of ethnic affiliation, how they can lead to nationalism?
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During the Election Campaing, the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina have been facing very broad fan of political parties starting with disguised or covered nationalistic and extremist parties, then moderate civic - liberal parties, ending up with so called "Left Block Parties". The name of almost all of them contains the word "democratic". It is interesting that many of them have codified aims, traced from the achievements of democracy and civilisation. Meanwhile, the Connecting powers are stronger than Destructive ones, otherwise the World community would fall apart. Currently, in BiH there are "People of Hope", planted in "these times". The free elections and the freedom of our choice are, eventually, the matter of our hope and our trust in very us.
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Replacing "one" singlemindedness with three of them, did not essentially change /non/democratic picture in the territory of the Former Yugoslavia. Every single effort to build up the real democratic culture and conditions for the development of the real democracy is worth making. Therefore human being is "Being of Choice". Having no choice, it searches for choice, one way or another. In Mostar, the choice wac not to attend the elections. It is the phenomenom of the democracy par excellence in a Bosnian manner.
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The idea of the American specific quality has a long history. The first Governor of the colony in the Massachusetts Bay John Winthrop has told in 1630 to his fellowcountrymen: "We will be like the city on the hill, and the eyes of all will be fixed upon us". There is an opinion that USA, due to the circumstances under it has been established, possesses the moral strenght which is unique all around the World. That opinion keeps going and shows up shaped as "being predetermined by Destiny" which led to the expansion on the West in XIX cenury, or being shaped as efforts made by Woodrow Willson, during the First World War, to insure the Democracy in the World.
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One can say that the postcommunistic countries had the two-way destiny, namely, procreation and dying of the communism had created two ways: some of the counties i.e. Poland, Bohemia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary have been considerably paving the democratic way of their own economic and political prospetiruy while the other /Russia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and SR Yugoslavia/ are to fight for their democratic path to the future, after the blood-stained dissolution of the former federal countries, SSSR and SFRJ.
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The funding structures for the support and promotion of Gaelic in Scotland involve a large number of different organisa-tions and discrete mechanisms. It is not really meaningful to think in terms of a single budget whose components could be determined and reallocated on the basis of a single decision process. Most obviously, the funding structures for Gaelic broadcasting, Gaelic education and Gaelic development are entirely distinct. Decisions concerning broadcasting are ulti-mately made by the UK Government and the Scottish Government. Decisions concerning education funding are made by the Scottish Government, by individual local authorities and by Bòrd na Gàidhlig. The latter is a non-departmental public body (NDPB) that is responsible for the implementation of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 and also directly in charge of funding decisions for general Gaelic development. A small number of Gaelic projects have been co-funded by other organisations (public as well as private), and 2013 saw the first ever crowd-funded initiative in support of Gaelic, but the extent of such contributions is negligible in light of the overall amount required for the maintenance of current Gaelic institutions and services. By far the largest share of funding decisions for Gaelic can thus be said to be in the hands of politicians elected by Scottish voters at the local and national level, rather than chosen directly by the Gaelic community, with the members of Bòrd na Gàidhlig being appointed in a standard public appointments process.
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The author firstly analyses the needs of national minorities and their associations according to their specific financial re-quirements. He substantiates and justifies these needs by pointing to the fact that the members of a national minority have a different identity from the majority population and have a desire to preserve it; their needs cannot be satisfied adequately by what the state can offer, especially in the areas of language, culture and education. In his search for standard guidelines, which grant minorities and/or their members the right to appropriate state support, the author establishes that both the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages do in fact contain the relevant calls for action to member states, but no quantifiable and enforceable rights for minorities. Also, analysis of German law and administrative practice at federal and state level does in fact reveal fundamentally positive statements on the protection of national minorities, but – with the exception of the very clear right to establish private schools in Schleswig-Holstein – no standard regulations, which would grant an adequate, enduring and legally en-forceable financial framework to an individual minority. The author recommends that minorities and their associations should present their legitimate needs effectively at a political level.
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Evoluţia migraţiei interne în România. Scopul acestei lucrări îl reprezintă analiza mişcării migraţiei interne din România. Am analizat procesele legate de migraţia internă - interjudeţeană - care au fost definitive în modificarea structurii demografice a judeţelor analizate. În perspectiva timpului am analizat mai profund evenimentele dintre recensămintele din 1966 şi 1992, prelungind analiza uneori la anul 1948. În analiza fenomenelor globale, cât şi în constatări al faptelor până la anul 1977 am folosit metodologiile şi rezultatele lui D. Sandu şi Vl. Trebici. Fenomenul migraţiei interne am încercat să interpretez în contextul celei de-a doua tranziţie demografice din Europa. Ca fenomen special am analizat mişcările migratorii legate de aria de locuire a populaţiei de naţionalitate maghiară din România. Datele de bază sunt din lucrările publicate de către Comisia Naţională de Statistică.
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The mentality - factor of influence in Romanian society transition. The paper approaches the issue of Romanian society transformation initiated in December 1989, from the point of view of relation between the attitudinal background of individuals and the institutional changes which have place in transition process. Having as point of start the assumption that the social representations of the rich and the poor is relevant as far as regard the existence of value orientation which can influence in a positive or in a negative way the reform process, the study presents the results of one opinion survey and two content analysis.
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The Managing Board of DAHR - Organization between Centralism and Diferentiation. The object of this study is the analysis of the DAHR's Executive Presidium. The inquire into the whole organizaton is a large topic, that is the reason why I discussed just the Presidium. I treated the Presidium taking in consideration two features of the organization: the organizational structure and process. I studied the structure of the Presidium through the dimensions of complexity and differentiation, formalization, centralization and integration. From the organizational processes I examined the organization's life cycle and it's conflicts. I investigated the Presidium taking into account that it is an organ of a political establishment. Understanding the functioning of the Presidium help us making statements about the logic of DAHR's work and aims.
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Codes et signes. Notions de sémiotique des images publicitaires. L’ideé d’une sémiotique des images publicitaires n’est pas suffisamment nouvelle ou inovatrice. Elle est plutôt une transposition de l'analyse sémiologique de lingvistique a l'étude du langage des images. L’étude presente les principales idées directrice et notions-clefs de la semiologie des images publicitaires.
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The Functions of Cluj-Napoca city. Present and Future in the Expectation of 2010 Year. The paper synthesizes the results of a research carried out by a team of sociologists from "Babeş-Bolyai" University for the General Urbanism Plan of the Cluj-Napoca city. Aiming to obtain a prognosis, the research evaluated the city functions in the framework of Romanian territory regarding the following dimensions: demographic, trade and business, culture, health, education and theological aspect. Also, the paper analyzes the results of an opinion survey concerning the perception of urban functions by city residents and the place of Cluj-Napoca city in a classification of Romanian cities.
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Business and Comercial Dimensions of Cluj - Napoca. This paper presents the comercial evolution of Cluj-Napoca city after 1989; the general propensity of comercial units; the state of private and public firms and also the situation of active population working in trading; the geographic area of comercial influence and possible future projects regarding the place of this dimension in the economical life of the city.
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The Geographical Environment Offer of Cluj-Napoca. This paper presents the geographical circumstances of Cluj-Napoca city evolution in time. The paper also analyzes the geographical factors that interfere with the city: the situation, the relief, the climatic resources, the pollution.
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Functional Reference Points of Health System in Cluj-Napoca City. The paper presents the main diseases which affected the residents of Cluj-Napoca city, the institutional cover offered by medical assistance system, not only at a local level, but also at a district, regional and even national level. The analytical dimension of the study is completed with a number of proposals regarding possible strategies for development of the health assistance system in Cluj-Napoca.
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Le stéréotype - forme de la communication publicitaire. L’étude presente les principales stéréotypes (méthode de réduction des données, réduction de la complexité du réel) presente dans publicité: scènes de vie, problème - solution, comparison des produits, la présentation factuale, la demonstration, la nouveauté, le consumateur commun, le présentateur expert.
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