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Profilaktyka zdrowotna: interpretacje, definicje sytuacji, racjonalności (przypadek profilaktyki ginekologicznej kobiet)

Author(s): Antonina Ostrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2011

Poland belongs to European countries characterized by the highest mortality of women caused by cervical cancer – a neoplasm that is fully curable if detected early enough. It happens so despite of several, broadly designed prevention actions addressed to women, encouraging them to participate in preventive screenings. Therefore, the question arises: why do women contact the doctors so late? What is the cause of their reluctance to prevention of the life-threatening disease? The article tries to address these questions looking for the answer among structural and socio-cultural variables influencing women’s approach to health and disease. The research results under discussion concern the problems of gynecological prevention among women threatened with social exclusion.

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Spór o obecność języka rasistowskiego w dyskursie publicznym. Sprawa oświadczenia posła Artura Górskiego

Author(s): Jacek Paczesny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2011

This article attempts to describe controversies caused by the use of racist language in Polish public discourse. The author’s main hypothesis investigates the interrelations between publicizing race hate speech (and labeling its users as racists) and criticisms of political correctness. The empirical evidence is based on a detailed case study of an intense media debate on the controversial parliamentary statement made by the Sejm deputy Artur Górski (member of Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) on the 5th of October 2008. The research approach of discourse analysis was applied, including, inter alia, the methodology of conversation analysis. The paper presents an analysis of one instance of the aforementioned debate, i.e. the discussion in the TV talk show “Warto rozmawiać”. Furthermore, the paper directs attention to the conditions which might enable an alternative, more productive course of media debate over racist language in public discourse. In the final part of the article, the author briefly presents the conclusions from the analysis in the context of more general issues within the discussed field.

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Ostatni bastion antykonsumeryzmu? Kibice industrialni w dobie komercjalizacji sportu

Author(s): Radosław Kossakowski,Dominik Antonowicz,Tomasz Szlendak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2011

The paper provides an analysis of socio-cultural consequences of the commercialization of football. The authors aim to show that as a result of the commercialization of sport football clubs have been detached from the local community. No longer can they perform functions of social integration in local communities, to which they were initially established. Instead, they become a part of the commercial world of show business and adopt its rules of supply and demand. This transformation involves the advent of a new type of sports consumers. In place of „industrial die-hard fan”, associated with sport for decades, the commercialized sport introduces consumers who seek nothing but entertainment in football. The industrial fans traditionally make strongly integrated „inclusive community”, typical for the modern times, while consumers of sport form an „affiliation group” which in contrast is formed and ruled by principles characteristic for the late modernity. The paper attempts to define and compare these two worlds, and to show the social and cultural consequences of inevitable collision between them. The article also sketches the main areas of dispute between the traditional world of industrial fans and commercial policy also referred to by a catchy phrase modern sport. This dispute is an example of the social „movements of dissent” against the global process of standardization and commercialization of all forms of social life.

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Imigracyjny charakter społeczeństwa hiszpańskiego

Author(s): Maja Biernacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2011

The article is dedicated to the immigrational character of the Spanish society, with the official numbers of immigrants having already exceeded twelve percent of the total population. The author presents the reversal of the tendency from massive emigration to immigration, phases of the immigrational society, current data on immigration, research on problematization of immigration and attitudes in the society towards immigrants. Immigration has shifted towards the core of public discourse, numerous activities are undertaken in order to facilitate integration of immigrants into the society, accompanied by the symbolic requirement of respecting the customs of both the hosts and the newcomers. The attitude towards immigrants is at the core of legitimacy of political positions, the major actors are expected to declare democratic attitudes and be open to otherness, as well as to initiate actions for the benefit of immigrants. However, researchers also observe antidemocratic attitudes in the society and public life which enhance in the period of economic crisis and unemployment.

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O przyszłości Podkarpacia (recenzja z: Wojciech Broszkiewicz Kapitał kulturowy młodego pokolenia Polski współczesnej. Studium na przykładzie wybranych

Author(s): Adam Dąbrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2011

review from book: Kapitał kulturowy młodego pokolenia Polski współczesnej. Studium na przykładzie wybranych społeczności Podkarpacia [Cultural Capital of the Young Generation of Contemporary Poland. A Study Based on Selected Subcarpathian Communities] by Wojciech Broszkiewicz

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Fertility desires and visions of fatherhood: individual preferences of young heterosexual men in Lithuania

Author(s): Deimantė Šėporaitytė-Vismantė,Vaida Tretjakova,Lina Šumskaitė / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

Demographic research on fertility has almost exclusively focused on women, however, men’s fertility preferences are equally important to the understanding of the processes and mechanisms that affect fertility. This article analyzes the data from the qualitative study with young (19–34 year old) heterosexual childless Lithuanian men and explores the relationship between fertility desires, visions of fatherhood and perceptions of masculinity. Our results show that independently of whether the study participants have internalized the “male breadwinner” norm, they modelled their fertility desires according to their current financial situation and perceived future income. Their visions of fatherhood were also often framed by the cultural ideal of a man who is strict, tough and is the main family provider. However, the vision of the father who actively participates in childrearing was also common.

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Tautinės savimonės ugdymas pasitelkiant reklamą: teorinis aspektas

Author(s): Lina Pilelienė,Viktorija Grigaliūnaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2014

As a result of globalization processes in the entire world, many countries feel concern about the task for protection of national identities as development of national consciousness. In scientific literature from many countries, the number of publications analyzing national identity, nationality, its protection, and national consciousness development is increasing. One of the factors that mostly affect contemporary society’s lifestyle and norms is advertising. Therefore, the question ‘How to develop national consciousness with the help of advertising?’ is analyzed theoretically in the article. As a result of scientific analysis and synthesis of theoretical findings, components of national identity and their structural relationships are determined; moreover, the possible usage of provided elements in the advertisements of national brands for national consciousness development is revealed.

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Globalizacija, migracija ir nacionalinė valstybė: teorinės įžvalgos

Author(s): Liutauras Labanauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2014

The unequal balance between unlimited power of globalization and limited power of the nation state in mediating the transformation and fragmentation of collective and individual identities renders the research on national identity issues particularly relevant. As the process of globalization impacts our contemporary world we need rethinking and finding new ways and new approaches to research globalization and transnationalism, and national identity transformations driven by these processes. This article aims to discuss the most recent and innovative research into globalization, transnationalism and national identity issues and presents the analysis of theoretical and methodological issues in researching globalization impact on national identity transformations.

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Kultūrinis vartojimas ir socioerdvinė diferenciacija Lietuvos didmiesčiuose

Author(s): Artūras Tereškinas,Apolonijus Žilys / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2014

The article focuses on cultural consumption and socio-spatial differentiation in different neighbourhoods of Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipėda. The data of the research project “Social Exclusion in Lithuanian Cities: Forms of Spatial Segregation and Polarization” (2012) demonstrate that the factors of sex, education, marrital status and ethnic origin immensely influence cultural consumption. Although an increasing number of Lithuanians have become cultural omnivores that consume both high-brow and lowbrow culture, socio-spatial differentiation is evident in the Lithuanian cities. The inhabitants of working-class style neighbourhoods tend to consume the smallest amount of both high-brow and low-brow culture, city centers and Soviet style neighborhoods occupy the intermediate position with regard to cultural consumption, and the inhabitants of suburban areas are the biggest cultural omnivores.

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Socialinės struktūros tyrimo kryptys

Author(s): Arvydas Virgilijus Matulionis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2014

The article raises some theoretical and methodological research questions of the social structure. Answers to these questions, in my opinion, could contribute to adequate analysis of the standards of contemporary society and would highlight the importance of the trends of the development of social processes and events. In my opinion, the aspect of the applied social structure research in contemporary society is particularly important since these highlighted trends could be an effective instrument (measure) for developing the social policy and reducing social exclusion. In this article, firstly, I present the version of the conception of social structure. Secondly, I emphasize the significance of the social time and environment (location) as the essential components of the definition of any social research. Further, I distinguish the main factors, which determine the development of social structure of the contemporary societies. First of all, these factors are the revolutionary brake through in the sphere of science and technology, which paradoxically increase social exclusion in the world. Finally, I characterize the main trends of the research of social structure, allotting the social institutional, social demographic, territorial, employment and social class levels.

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Mobility in the lifestyle of today’s youth

Author(s): Vladimir Menshikov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

The researchers of the Institute of Social Investigations at Daugavpils University (Latvia) carried out a project “Mobile Lifestyle of Today’s Youth” based on a new paradigm of mobilities (John Urry). The aim of the investigation was a study of the characteristics of mobile lifestyle perceived by the youth of Daugavpils. The most significant factors that contribute to the realization of mobile lifestyle are defined, the disproportions in the youth’s empowerment of its network capital are identified, the ways for the youth to optimize its mobility to increase competitiveness in the labour markets are outlined.

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Normatyvinis kartų solidarumas migracijos kontekste: vyresnio amžiaus tėvų, likusių Lietuvoje, požiūris

Author(s): Margarita Gedvilaite˙-Kordušiene˙ / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2014

The paper deals with the attitudes towards filial responsibilities and subjective care expectations of the elderly parents left behind in Lithuania. Normative solidarity is compared between two types of transnational families: elderly parents having emigrant children and those who have both emigrant and non-emigrant children. Based on the results of logistic regression, significant individual and familial predictors of normative solidarity are revealed.

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Kūrybos socialiniai aspektai

Author(s): Tomas Kačerauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2014

The article deals with the questions of creation social environment, relationship between a creator and creative society. The theses have been developed as follows: 1) any creation presupposes sociability but not vice versa: not every social environment presupposes creation; 2) a pioneer and a refiner of new art direction are two asymmetric poles in the social sense: a pioneer is asocial regarding his (her) predecessors but social regarding his (her) followers; on the contrary, a refiner is asocial regarding his (her) epigones and imitators but social regarding his (her) predecessors; 3) the more outstanding is an individual over his (her) environment the more plausible is the fact that he (she) is famous; 4) outstandingness increases the risk of sociability; 5) education of creative society plays a card of art consuming.

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Teorinis mokomosios kontrolės pagrindimas

Author(s): Rasa Sklizmantaitė,Aleksandras Velička / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2007

The same structure is characteristic to the language learning process as well as to every activity. It consists of: 1) the purpose on the basis of motivation; 2) fulfilment; 3) control on the basis of feedback. The article presents the problems connected with the teaching process control. Some kinds of control are described. The objects of control should be definite speech items (lexis, morphology, syntax, phonetics) and all four speech activities. The degree of skills development is the index of student’s speech competence.

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Korupcija bendrojo lavinimo vidurinėje mokykloje: sociologinė diagnozė ir edukacinės įžvalgos

Author(s): Valdas Pruskus / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2007

The article is about the phenomenon of corruption in a comprehensive school. It analyses the expression forms of corruption and their peculiarities and disputes the main reasons stimulating educators to take part in corrupt interchanges thus tolerate it. On the ground of empirical research in Vilnius secondary schools it discloses attitudes of teachers, schoolchildren and parents towards corruption. The research was carried out in Vilnius Salomėja Nėris gymnasium, Vilnius Mikalojus Daukša secondary school, Mindaugas secondary school, Užupys gymnasium, Antakalnis gymnasium, Naujamiestis secondary school and Stanevičius secondary school. Overall 500 respondents were questioned: 300 pupils of ninth – twelfth forms, 100 teachers and 100 parents of schoolchildren. Difficult financial circumstances were pointed out as the main reason stimulating teachers to take part in corrupt interchanges. This answer was chosen by 42 per cent of respondents. Most of them think that raising wages would reduce corruption crimes. The research data show it is an important problem in schools though 70 per cent of respondents state it is not the biggest problem in their school. Only 15 per cent of questioned schoolchildren, 4 per cent of parents and 14 percent of teachers safely state that corruption is the main problem in their school. About 20 per cent of respondents (21.4 per cent of schoolchildren, 19 per cent of parents and 21 per cent of teachers) acknowledge of making a payoff or receiving an offer to take it. Respondents state that 30 per cent of their friends and relatives made a payoff to school staff. 26.7 percent of schoolchildren and 27 per cent of parents’ acquaintances made a payoff to school staff. Only the answers of teachers did not change – 21 per cent of their colleagues were offered a payoff. Respondents in secondary schools attribute “a payoff and direct payout”, “presents seeking benefit” and “buying of tests and examinations’ questions and answers which are distributed by teachers” to corrupt actions. In the light of these research data particular measures reducing corruption are offered.

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Pagrindiniai užsienio kalbos dėstymo principai ir teorinė jų interpretacija

Author(s): Jonas Mickonis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2007

Proper choice of the whole complex of principles of teaching a foreign language, being both pure didactic or those of methods of teaching foreign languages, enables the creation and improvement of efficient teaching strategies. Both principles play their own role in a teaching practice. In their turn, though significant, the didactic principles should not be regarded as being of optimal importance. The most important in this field are the principles of methods of teaching foreign languages which can be divided into general and separate, the latter being related to the teaching of diverse phenomena of the language taught.

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Komunikacinės metodikos taikymas mokant (-is) lietuvių kalbos kaip svetimosios

Author(s): Regina Žukienė,Vaida Buivydienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2007

One of the strengths of European countries is their multilingual nature. That was stressed by the European Council during different international projects. Every citizen of Europe should be given the opportunity to learn languages life long, as languages open new perspectives in the modern world. Besides, learning languages brings tolerance and understanding to people from diﬀerentcultures.The article presents the idea, based on the experience of foreign language teaching, that communicative method in learning languages should be applied also to Lithuanian as a foreign language teaching.According to international SOCRATES exchange programme, every year a lot of students and teachers from abroad come to Lithuanian Higher Schools (VGTU included). They should also be provided with opportunities to gain the best language learning, cultural and educational experience. Most of the students that came to VGTU pointed out Lithuanian language learning being one of the subjects to be chosen. That leads to organizing interesting and useful short-lasting Lithuanian language courses. The survey carried in VGTU and the analysis of the materials gathered leads to the conclusion that the communicative approach in language teaching is the best to cater the needs and interests of the learners to master the survival Lithuanian.

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Глобализация – локальность: возможности реализации межкультурного образования в практике многокультурного общества

Author(s): Alicja Szerląg / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2007

The intercultural education is a new dimension of experience for the subject. It is also the new dimension of the formation of its personal and social identity, especially when it proceeds in the situation of collision between two tendencies – the globalisation and the protection of locality. The function of individual at the cultural borders is possible thanks to the realisation of it is basic tasks, since it is equipped with the necessary competencies. To make this process effective it is necessary to determine it is real chances to actualise the multicultural society in practice. The dimensions where among others the nationality can prove to be the factor significantly differentiating the personal intercourses in the defined social space acquire here the special importance. Taking their range into consideration it is necessary to treat the intercultural education complexly in the school education where the attributes of family environment of students should be treated in a special way. The way to multiculturalism leads through the family, local and regional matters.

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Lokalne skupnosti in skupnostna skrb na področju duševnega zdravja: perspektiva upravnih subjektov, izvajalcev in uporabnikov

Author(s): Vesna Zupančič,Doroteja Kuhar,Majda Pahor / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 077/2014

The contribution highlights the local community’s role in community care development in the area of mental health as seen by three participating groups: municipa officials (local community/administrative entity officials), providers within the network of mental health programmes and services, and users of these services. A cross-sectional case study was carried out in the Novo mesto health region using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods aimed at evaluating the current state of care and establishing whether differences are present in the understanding of local communities’ role in community mental health care development. The findings of the study indicate opportunities for improving community care processes.

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Neenakosti starih ljudi v sodobnih zahodnih družbah kot predmet socialne gerontologije

Author(s): Katarina Štebe / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 077/2014

The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the theoretical development in social gerontology. In the interdisciplinary field of different paradigms, the most recent bring to the fore the heterogeneity of ageing and therefore the issues of solidarity and social inequality. Through our analysis of established explanations of the social aspects of ageing we expose the role of the theoretical perspectives developed in sociology for understanding the diversity of old age and the experiences of it. The main focus is on questions of social inequality in the modern welfare state, which in recent times has been responding to the challenges of an ageing population with a policy of active (productive) ageing. In seeking to answer these questions at the macro level, the most recent critical gerontology exposes the fact that the diversity of old people is tied to issues of social justice. In a field that sees itself as an advocate for old people in ageing post-industrial societies, this critical strand is accumulating knowledge that helps empower this social group and supports even marginal social groups in these populations in achieving a quality life in old age.

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