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Abuse of power is, on the current legal system, a concern, especially after the adoption of Decision No. 405/15 June 2016 handed down by the Constitutional Court of Romania. In short, it held that an act constituting the offense of abuse of power only to the extent that the phrase "defective" we mean "breach of law".
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The aim of this paper is to reflect on the special justificative causes on the criminal offence of violation of privacy. We intend to set forth the legal limits to which the right to privacy - a social value - is protected. Even if this right falls under the protection of the European Convention of Human Rights, art. 8, it is frequently violated.
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„Arab spring" was an aspiration towards change and democracy. It remained a dream, just so it turned into a nightmare, which replaced actors values with reserves or even both. It hoped that, autocracy will be replaced by democracy, unfettered the energies of youth and progressives people, but after five years in the area it’s a tougher autocratism, anarchy, fear and terror. In adition, the opening of the society to the democracy, it has been blooming Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, wich is the tread of global terror, virulence, migration and the revenge against Western civilization. All of them on the strengthen domination of Muslim symbol: Sharia.Well than, We wonder if „Arab spring” was or not a fail? We, the authors want to demonstrate that It was a fail and We argue. Otherwise, what remained:fanaticism, crimes, anachronistic ambitions carried out in the name of Muslims, pots of money and oil....!!!!
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Romania must strengthen its capacity for creativity and innovation from social and economic reasons, to respond effectively to the development of society based on knowledge: innovative capacity is closely linked with creativity as a personal attribute and to be fully exploited, it should be widely disseminated among the population, through education based on science, innovation and entrepreneurship
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Civil action in the criminal procedure law is the means of seeking compensation for damage caused by an offense. It covers civil liability of the defendant and the civilly liable party in order to compel them to fair and full compensation of the damage caused by the offense and moral damage repair. If framed civil action between the boundaries of the criminal trial, its definition changes due penalty in more pronounced intention of the injured party. This is a civil action in criminal proceedings or legal means by which the defendant is held civilly responsible party liability.
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One of the essential elements of civil legal act is to consent. To be valid the consent, must meet four requirements: to be externalized, to come from a person with judgement, to be expressed with the intent to produce legal effects and not be vitiated.Following the analyses and criticisms in the jurisprudence and the doctrine that they have made this vice of consent in the old regulation, the error features a new legal regime. Recognition of the Error as vice of consent in certain circumstances, the introduction of new conditions for the admissibility of the action for annulment error or her character excusable and invoking the obligation of good faith compliance with this defect are notable changes.
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Sport is the means through which society can develop fully. UE contributes to the promotions of european sporting targets, taking into account its structures based on voluntary activity and its social and educational functions of sport.
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The realm of Hungary has known a territorial expansion duringthe 12th century, which meant that Transylvania was also included on thisparticular expansion route. It was gradually included within the realm, on twoaxes: north-west and south-east. After the conquering stage, the organizationalone followed. It was during this latter period, that the practice of institutionaladministrativewriting was growing roots on a European level. The Hungarianroyal authority fully understood the importance and necessity of implementingthis practice. The present paper is an attempt to analyze 12th century medievaldocuments which make reference to the particular administrative-territorialinstitutions that were developed in Transylvania and to the personalities thatoccupied positions within these institutions.
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The order of Saint Paul the First Hermit, also known as the Pauline, and sometimes Paulite order, emerged during the first half of the 14th century as a mendicant order, settling in rural areas. Having been the only monastic order developed within the Hungarian realm, its importance for the royal policy is not to be questioned, especially during the reign of King Louis the Great. Its rural location is somehow a reason for the scarcity of written accounts, along with the most important consequence of centuries passing by, namely the destruction and disappearance of almost all architectural remains. This paper focuses on emphasizing a series of written sources, mentioning Pauline monasteries in medieval Transylvania as a first step in our research within this field of research.
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The relation between religion and politics has been a sensitive subject throughout history. The general aim of this study is to advocate for the need to understand religion and as such to make it part of the solution for achieving universally desired world peace and human security, rather than continuing to see it as a threat. In order to emphasize the need to approach the study of international relations by integrating the study of religion, we will assess the main theories of secularization and de-secularization, a body of literature well developed in the West, but rather lacking in the former Eastern states of the old cold-war divide.
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This article aims at presenting the research theme of a doctoral thesis, based on the study of communist propaganda in the Romanian rural environment, realized through the main instrument (but also place) of the communist ideology in the rural world, at least theoretically, the village hall (in Romanian language, “cămin cultural”) had a well-thought-out role by the Communists in the propaganda mechanisms used at national level, a role stipulated by law.
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In the context of the wave of refugees that was entering Europe in the last few years, during March-August 2016 two Romanian newspapers were studied, searching for the articles on these phenomena, to find out about the way press reflected the crisis, and the phenomenon of migration in general. A study came out, based on the analysis of two daily Romanian newspapers - Jurnalul National and Libertatea, aiming to identify the articles on migration which appeared in this period of time (six months), in order to pinpoint the rhetoric of these two publications as reflecting (covering) the phenomenon. The research method was content analysis and frequency analysis. One important result was the identification of three types of articles on migration, besides the revealing of their distribution in the studied period, and the description of the general discourse that these newspapers use when covering the phenomena of migration and refugee crisis, in order to transmit it to the general public. The study helps to show how migration is seen and understood in general, and in particular, in the Romanian society these days.
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This article is a short analysis of the necropolises with funerary ceramics from the Transylvanian intracarpathic area which are dated in the 9th-11th centuries, especially on the Middle Mureș Valley, but also on the Someșul Mic River. In terms of symbolism, the funeral vessel is the spiritual object which offers the deceased the way to enter the world beyond. Some vessels which were discovered in these necropolises are not local and have another origin. Globular vessels, amforoidale jugs and vessels with fluted neck are specific to different groups of populations who arrived in this area at the beginning of 9th centuries.
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Although military attachés have served as ―soldier diplomats for centuries, very few publications exist that discuss the roles they have played in shaping or promoting intrenal and foreign policy or the impacts they have had in the development of diplomatic relations. Military attachés can best be described as military officers assigned to embassies around the world as representatives of their national Defense Ministries. Studying this subject is important and topical, the access to archival documents allowing the reconstruction of historical table and review several issues of contemporary history.
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The article refers to the famous thesis formulated by Max Weber about the relation between the Reformation and the capitalist work ethos, contained in the book: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism as well as the dispute conducted by Weber and Werner Sombart. Sombart, a scholar today basically forgotten, is actually an interesting precursor of Weber’s numerous arguments and theoretical solutions. The discussion held by the two men turns out to be a fascinating and erudite dispute about the impact of the Reformation, or, more extensively, Christian spirituality upon one of the key elements of the modern age, i.e. rationalised Western capitalism.
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The article provides some insight into expenditure in the field of internal security in the state budget based on the example of Polish and French experience with a focus on effectiveness of expenditure in the periods of eight and ten years, respectively. The choice of the research subject was based on the assumption that the policy for maintaining public order and security should be implemented in a similar way in democratic countries, which creates more opportunities for comparison. The analysis of the sample of expenditure is to demonstrate whether consistency was maintained in the implementation of activities. For each country, a different test period was adopted, resulting from the introduction of activity-based budget. Thus, in France, the analysis begins in 2006 and in Poland in 2008.
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The objective of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of Value Added Tax (VAT) collection in Poland, in the period between January 2005 and April 2017, based on the research procedure proposed by the author. In the paper, a research method based on dynamics indices and efficiency index, including the C-efficiency index and the tax gap index, was used. The results of the research indicate that in the analysed period there are significant differences in the effectiveness of VAT collection in Poland.The worst result was achieved for the years 2013–2014 and the best for the years 2007–2008. In the case of the effectiveness of the collection in quarterly periods, the best results were obtained for the first quarter of 2007 and the first quarter of 2017. This article is one of the few articles in the national literature that analyses the effectiveness of VAT collection in Poland.
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New conditions and challenges emerging in front of the public sector require the public finances management system to be reorganized. It also applies to the finances of local government units. The authors of the elaboration, while seeking to answer the question of how to shape the system of efficient management of local finances, refer to the demands of the economic doctrine, using, in this aspect, the achievements of New Public Management (NPM), the concept of Public Governance (PG), as well as selected theoretical concepts of the model of New Institutional Economics (NIE).
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The aim of the article is to present the scale, diversity and possibilities for further implementation of investment projects by communes. An example of communes of Wielkopolska Province was used. It was assumed that the level of capital expenditure investment per capita would be an indication of the size of investment. The time scope was 2006–2015. The results are summarized by administration type. The differences between the level of development of communes and the sizes of their investments were examined using ANOVA test and Tukey’s post-hoc test. In order to show the prospects for communes to undertake further investment, selected indicators of income, financial capacities, debt and activity in obtaining EU funds were summarized. The source material came from BDL GUS.
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