The usage of diminutives in polite phrases as a way to express positive/negative politeness or to formulate face-threatening acts in Polish

Author(s): Paulina Biały / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Expressive polite phrases, namely the ones containing diminutive forms, play a significant role in interpersonal communication. According to Ożóg (1990, p. 72), they are aimed at convincing the addressee of special, and not only formal or perfunctory, attitude of the speaker towards him/her. Moreover, as it is usually the case, they are applied in situations when the speaker wants to maintain the addressee’s positive face, for instance he/she wants to express meanings such as familiarity, intimacy, or liking. Nevertheless, sometimes they may be used as acts threatening the addressee’s positive or negative face. Usually, in the case of diminutives, face-threatening acts are done off record, when the speaker wants to express irony, disrespect and pitifulness. This article aims at answering the question about the role of diminutives in polite phrases. Are they always related only to positive politeness? How is their presence in a sentence perceived by the addressees? Moreover, the comparison between Polish and English will be provided as these two languages differ significantly in terms of expressing emotions in a conversation. In order to get answers for the questions mentioned above, a short questionnaire, containing some typical expressive polite phrases, was distributed among a representative number of native speakers of Polish and English, in order to assess whether the presence of diminutives influences their impressions and reactions to these sentences.

Why Differ? – Divergent Lexical Choices in Two Middle English Prose Psalter Translations and Their raison d’etre

Author(s): Kinga Lis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The objective of the paper is to establish the motivation behind the lexical divergences between otherwise surprisingly uniform late-fourteenth-century Middle English Wycliffite Psalters and observe how it affects the etymological make-up of the texts. For this purpose the paper analyses the nominal layer of the first fifty Psalms and tries to assign each case of divergence between the texts to one of four groups of probable causes, both intra- and extratextual, prompting the variation, while juxtaposing these nominal lexical items with the corresponding data from two earlier 14th-century Psalters – Richard Rolle’s rendition and the “Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter”.

НОВЫЕ РАКУРСЫ РЕЦЕПЦИИ ИВАНА БУНИНА В БОЛГАРИИ

Author(s): Tatiana Fed / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Ivan Bunin is a famous figure for the Bulgarian culture. His masterpieces not only appeared in the Bulgarian language at the beginning of the XX-th century, but also created a new image of the Russian classic writer. The interest to Bunin’s works has been real from the first translations to our days. Such a phenomenon can be explained by the specific Russian soul and mentality, which is transferred by the Russian people all over the world. The article depicts new aspects in Bunin’s reception in Bulgaria. The author presents the materials and documents, published in Margarita Kanazirskaya’s book “After Russia. To the Problem of the Russian Emigration the Bulgaria /1920-1940/”, 2013. A few extracts from Ivanka Vaseva’s article “I. A. Bunin” are translated by the author in Russian. There is a strong bibliography of critical works about Bunin’s creative work.

РЕЧЕВАТА ДЕЙНОСТ НА ЧОВЕКА ПРЕЗ ПРИЗМАТА НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ И НЕМСКИЯ ЛЕКСИКАЛЕН СЪСТАВ

Author(s): Hristina Vihrogonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present article aims at including lexical items typical for speech activity in Bulgarian and German language, arranging them in thematic fields. Phraseological items from Bulgarian language and their closest German equivalents are basically used. The most important theoretical views concerning linguistic terms language and speech are presented. Brief characteristics of Bulgarian and German verbal world is being presented.

РОМАН ЯКОБСОН ЗА ПОЗИЦИИТЕ НА ГОВОРЕЩИЯ, ПРЕВОДАЧА И СЛУШАТЕЛЯ

Author(s): Svetla Tomanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Jacobson was one of the greatest linguists of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Prague Linguistic Circle. Later he became one of the founding members of the Linguistic Circle of New York. He taught at numerous institutions, including Harvard University. He helped to bridge the gap between the European and the American linguistics. He had a profound influence on general linguistics and on Slavic Studies. Also on semiotics, anthropology, ethnology, communication theory, literary studies and theory of translation. His famous classification of translation is part of the intellectual heritage of semiotics and translation theory.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ТЕКСТОВ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ФИЛЬМОВ (ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ)

Author(s): Ekaterina Solntseva-Nakova,Vladimir Manchev / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the main issues related to the preparation of future professionals who will work as translators of feature films, highlights the necessity of teaching the translation of film and video in the masters program at colleges and universities.

Construcciones causativas «hacer(se) + Inf.», «dejar(se) + Inf.» como recurso del texto de traducción: micro- y macroparámetros

Author(s): Sergiy Fokin / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The present study focuses on some usage peculiarities of Spanish causative constructions «hacers(se) + Inf.», «dejar(se) + Inf.» in fiction texts translated into Spanish VS original ones. Though causative constructions do exist in many languages, they may show a wide number of asymmetric features (such as pronominal forms, present in Romanic languages, absent in English, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, etc.). As there are frequently no direct equivalents in the original text for the causative constructions, more subjective factors can influence the translator’s decision whether to use them or not. Particularly, it turned out that translators tend to exaggerate a «favorite» construction or to underuse some stylistic devices. A million-tokens corpus demonstrates it to be a strong tendency in translated fiction text, unlike in the original ones.

Polskie ekwiwalenty przekładowe chorwackiego przyimka usprkos

Author(s): Sybilla Daković / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an analysis of Polish translation equivalents of the Croatian preposition usprkos. Based on the corpus of contemporary Croatian literature and its Polish translations, we conclude that this preposition can be translated as: mimo (in spite of, despite), wbrew (against), na przekór (in spite of, despite), pomimo (in spite of, despite), niezależnie od (regardless of), za cenę (at the cost of). The basic translation equivalent na przekór (in spite of, despite) has been determined through frequency analysis and semantic feature analysis.

Czeskie feminatywy zawodowe i ich polskie ekwiwalenty przekładowe

Author(s): Katarzyna Dembska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article concerns the issue of translation of Czech occupational feminitives into Polish. In the Czech language, the formation of feminine forms from masculine forms is common and systemic, whereas in the Polish language, certain forms are perceived as controversial by its native speakers. This may pose problems for translators from Czech into Polish. The article presents the results of the experiment aimed at an analysis of the translations of the three selected Czech occupational feminitives: ministryně, prezidentka, and řidička. These are the feminitives whose Polish translation equivalents: ministra (female minister), prezydentka (meaning the female head of state), and kierowczyni (female driver) are encountered mainly in the profeminist media and which were officially registered for the first time in „Słownik nazw żeńskich polszczyzny” (A Dictionary of Female Nouns in Polish) published in Wrocław in 2015. The linguistic corpus INTERCORP was used for the purpose of this experiment and excerption of research material.

Polskie formy adresatywne w rosyjskich przekładach filmowych

Author(s): Anna Paszkowska-Wilk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the difficulties in translating Polish forms of address in film dialogues based on the Russian translation of the series „Tajemnica twierdzy szyfrów” (The Secret of Code Fortress) (2007). Forms of address perform a significant role in linguistic communication. In film dialogues, they additionally carry information about relations between the characters, their position, and rank. In the process of film translation, forms of address are frequently omitted to shorten the translation due to technical requirements of captions or a voice-over. The analysis of the material shows that as a result of such processes, the recipient of translation is deprived of information which is indispensable for the true interpretation of the film.

South Slavonic Apocryphal Collections

Author(s): Anisava Miltenova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian

This book represents a study of the textology, typology, sources and literary peculiarities of the so-called ’miscellanies of mixed content' in the South Slavonic tradition (from the end of 13th – the beginning of 18th c.) – less known or unknown in the Humanities. The problem is closely related to the apocryphal collections in the Balkan Cyrillic manuscripts, as the Apocrypha are a significant part of this type of manuscripts. The scope of the study is to popularize the series and texts that fill the gap in the translation and perception of the Slavonic Apocrypha. New information is presented over the sources of translations, as well as the compilation approach of Slavonic writers, which reproduces a new version of the texts. The copies of the Slavonic texts are published in the supplement. The typology of manuscripts is supported by plectograms produced in the Repertory of Old Bulgarian Literature and Letters (http://repertorium.obdurodon.org/).

Pripadnost bošnjačke književnosti u kontekstu egzila našeg vremena

Author(s): Srebren Dizdar / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Although the composite structure of literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina had developed under rather specific social, cultural and historical circumstances, only, and on rare occasions in the past, some authors from these parts wrtote their works in exile (Habiba Rizvanbegović-Stočević, Arif-beg Rizvanbegović), but the separation from a homeland was the topic that some of its prominent writers from all its constituent segments came back to from time to time (Šantić, Andrić, Šop, La Bohoreta, etc.). It was only during the horrible war events towards the end of 20th century, which had forced not only hundreds of thousands of people to leave their native soil, but also inspired diverse forms of literary activities to emerge in exile. Their fundamental defining element was the attempt of securing and preserving ethnic, cultural and any other form of identity in the new surroundings. The paper tries to find some answers to the basic question posed in relation to a determination of literature in/and from Bosnia and Herzegovina, more specifically in view of its Bosniak component, which has been expresed in the published collections of poetry and short stories, rarely in plays, and in the majority of cases, in novel forms – from Norway, Denmark and USA, as well as some other parts of contemporary world. It points out to the situation in the immediate neighbourhood, nowadays largely referred to as the ‘region’, where some authors have continued to write their works, although they remained deeply connected to the language, culture, custioms and identity of the ethnic background they had come from, despite the fact that, in the meantime, they became citizens of the countries of admission. They all have continued to add a characteristic exile expression to the literary output in these new homelands. A rather specific issue deals with the concurrent belonging to literatures those Bosniak authors contributed to with their works, irrespective if their books had been published originally in the languages of these places, or in their mother Bosnian tongue. The works of Bekim Sejranović, Alen Mešković and Ismet Prcić have been analysed in the paper, together with some other names, as the possible examples of either proving or disapproving the initial hypothesis on the identity duality in the Bosniak or any other literature(s) for that matter.

„Metamorfozy” Owidiusza w przekładzie Stanisława Schneidra

Author(s): Dariusz Rott / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the figure of an esteemed classical philologist, historian of literature, translator and teacher at the secondary schools in Przemyśl and Lvov, Stanisław Schneider (1858–1917). His translatorial debut consisted of “excerpts from ancient poets.” He translated Homer, Horace, Ovid and Vergil. The collected works were then published in „The Report of the Headmaster of the Imperial‑Royal Secondary School in Przemyśl for the School Year 1888”. It was the third full translation of Ovid’s „Metamorphoses” into Polish (after the 17th‑century translations by Jakub Żebrowski and Walerian Otwinowski). Moreover, the article contains excerpts from Schneider’s translation of Ovid’s „Metamorphoses”.

Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока. Том 9

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian,Greek, Modern (1453-)

𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages ​​and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.

О средневековых славянских переводах Лествицы Иоанна Синайского и их именованиях в научной литературе

Author(s): Tatyana Popova / Language(s): English,Russian Publication Year: 0

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Integrating Textlinguistics Into Translation Courses

Author(s): Esin Akyay Engin,Muhlise Coşkun Ögeyik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Textlinguistics deals with the process and development of written communication and the positions of reader and writer in mutual interaction. Günay (2007) defines the study area of texlinguistics as it investigates the organization of a text including social, intellectual, imaginary and many other constructions in it. Textlinguistics which is the scientific study of texts, deals with texts, it is connected with human interrelations (Balcı, 2009; Şenöz-Ayata, 2005).

Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока. Том 11

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Macedonian,Greek, Modern (1453-)

𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages ​​and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.

Проблематика на превода на културни реалии (по материали от „Сън в алени покои“ на Цао Сюецин)

Author(s): Nora Chileva-Xiao / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This research discusses some cultural differences and methods of translation represented in the first sixty chapters of the Bulgarian translation of 𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔, popular in the Western World mainly with its two English versions as 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 and 𝐴 𝐷𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, as well as its Russian translation 𝑆𝑜𝑛 𝑣 𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑦𝑒. The Bulgarian translation of the first 60 chapters of 𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔 („Сън в алени покои“) was published almost half a century after the English and the Russian translations at 2015 and 2016, so it is quite interesting to see if there is any resemblance in translations of cultural gaps. This study gives few examples of how cultural gaps are resolved in words and phrases concerning Chinese tea and rice dishes.

Role a využití didaktického překladu a mediačních činností ve výuce francouzštiny: Přehledová studie

Author(s): Daniela Veškrnová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This review maps the research on the role of pedagogical translation and mediation activities in the teaching of French in tertiary education. The selected research papers suggest that the use of mother tongue can be an important and equal tool for communication skills development in second/foreign language acquisition and supports interculturality in education, similarly to mediation activities in mother tongue or target language.

ЛЕКСЕМИ С КОРЕН КРАШ, ЕКСЦЕРПИРАНИ В ИНТЕРНЕТ ПРОСТРАНСТВОТО

Author(s): Anita Todoranova-Dushkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the process of assimilation of lexical units with the root crash in contemporary Bulgarian. The word crash originates from the English verb crash, which was initially associated with computer terminology and describes the unexpected halt or failure of a computer system. The paper tracks how this term, after entering the speech of young people, became the basis for the formation of new words in the Bulgarian language. Based on the analysis of its usage in social media, the paper observes the expansion of the word’s meaning beyond its original use in a technological context, as well as its usage to describe various kinds of “crash” or failure in everyday situations.