20. Asırda Hazırlanan Kazakça Meâllerde Müteşâbih İfadelerin Çevirisi Problemi

Author(s): Daniyar Samet / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2021

The Qurʾān is certainly the last of the divine teachings and the most perfect. While this holy book has a perfect miraculous feature, especially since its rules are valid until the Day of Judgment, it also contains many unique features in terms of style and content. The Qurʾān firstly asks people to understand it thoroughly and live it in their lives. In order for them to live, they must first correctly understand the messages that the Qurʾān gave to people. In order to understand it well, they must either know the language it uses or try to understand it through translations. It is obvious that it is not practically possible for all people to know Arabic. Because people have different languages, cultures, and races due to the wisdom of Allah. Therefore, nations who speak different languages in the world have translated the Qurʾān into their own languages in order to understand what the Qurʾān means and to apply its rules to their lives. It is a fact that the Qurʾān was partially translated into different languages during the reign of Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh). As a matter of fact, Salmān al-Fārisī's (d. 36/656 [?]) (r.a.) translation of Surah Fatiha into Persian and the translation of the verses in the letters that our Prophet (pbuh) had written in order to invite communities speaking different languages to Islam can be given as an example to this situation. The Qurʾān has been many times interpreted, mealed, and translated into different languages of the world since the time it was revealed to the present day. There is no doubt that the translation of the Qurʾān will continue as long as people speak different languages until the end of the worldly life. It is mentioned in the sources that the first translation of the Qurʾān into Kazakh was made by Mūsā Jārullāh (d. 1368/1949) at the beginning of the 20th century. However, this translated work was not published and remained only as a manuscript. Another important issue is the scholars' thoughts on the language of the translation in question. As a matter of fact, according to them, the language of the translation is Tatar, not Kazakh. In this study named as ‘TheTranslation Issue of Mutashābih Expressions in the Example of Kazakh Translations Prepared in the 20th Century’ five important Kazakh translation works were examined prepared in the 20th century, named as Qurʾān Shareef Kazakhsha Magina Jane Tusinigi of Khalifa Altay (d. 1424/2003), Qurʾān Kareem Kazakhsha Avdarmasi of Azīz Akituli (d. 1434/2013) and Makash Akituli (d. 1424/2003), Qurʾān Kareem Jane Onin Kazakhsha Maginasi of Nurali Oserov (d. 1435/2014) and Jumabay Istaeev (d. 1422/2001), Qurʾān Kareem of Ratbek Nisanbayuli and Vahap Kidirhanuli and Qurʾān Kareem Kazakhsha Magina Jane Tusinigi of Vahap Kidirhanuli. First, the lives of the authors, the general evaluations of those works, the language of the published works, the problematic aspects, and technical features in terms of method and content were discussed. In the next step, how the translators translated the khabarī attributes, which are among the mutashâbih expressions in the Holy Qurʾān, into Kazakh and the problems that these translations cause are addressed. One of the most important subjects and issues of the science of tafsīr, which has an important place in the scientific tradition of the Islamic religion, is undoubtedly the issue of mutashabihs in the Qurʾān, and the subject has been discussed by especially theologians in many scientific traditions in the historical process. Allah almighty, the Creator of all realms, informs people of some of his qualities in the Qurʾān so that we can know himi and have knowledge of what kind of being Allah is. Through revelation, Allah introduced himself to his believers via an understandable language framework which includes appropriate comparisons and metaphors. This presentation has also been realized through the ḥadīths of Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh). Therefore, these two sources inform us Allah's qualities Khabarī qualities refer to those that are reported in verses and ḥadīths and that are fixed by revelation. In this article, the eleven verses in which the mutashābih adjectives that are attributed to Allah, such as yad, vach, ayn, istiwa, kabza, macī', and etā, are considered as examples. Understanding the qualities of Allah correctly is very important in terms of having a affirmative and corrective faith. This study aims to reveal what kind of kalamī view Kazakh translators use when interpreting mutashābih expressions into Kazakh. In addition, in the study, mutashābih expressions should be interpreted within the boundaries determined by the Qur'ān and the Science of Ḥadīth, with expressions that can be accepted by the human mind, without falling into simile and embody. To our knowledge this is the first study focusing on on the issue of translating mutashābih expressions in Kazakh translations made in Kazakhstan in the 20th century.

2006-2015 Yılları Arasında Bulgaristan’da Çevrilen Romanlara Kısa Bir Bakış

Author(s): Ayra Şen Tilki / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

Turkey and Bulgaria became neighbors with each other for many years and they are two countries with common history. There is a need for a thorough investigation of the literary world of these two countries which have cultural, political and literary characteristics. Undoubtedly, it will be more accurate to do research on the novel which is the most translated genre during this period. In the years mentioned, selected and translated novels were evaluated. Between these years, the number of translated novels has been determined, and the subject and genre has been examined. In this research, the traces of Turkish literature in Bulgaria have been extensively researched and revealed with chronological data.

21ST CENTURY GEORGIAN-RUSSIAN TRANSLATION: PRIORITIES AND INNOVATIONS IN INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE

Author(s): Irine Modebadze / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Translation is an integral part of intercultural communication and one of the most actual forms of exchange of spiritual values. The evolution of literary traditions and associated changes in translation norms have a substantial impact on perceptions about the adequacy of translation. Serious fluctuations in translation priorities are fixed in post-soviet space.This article will provide the results of research carried out for the first time that deals with the specificity of modern translation strategies through the analysis of five new translations of Shota Rustaveli’s poem. Analysis has proved that the postmodern mentality of translators at the end of the 20th century seeks to give the reader comprehension of the original – here the priority is attributed not to domestication but to hermeneutical interpretation of the text. A tendency of synthesis is outlined towards translation and publishing innovations, the main goal of which is translation of an original with preservation of the specificity of its cultural alter and decoding of a text from the position “other” is not “stranger”.

3. Проблема стихового перевода

Author(s): Yuri M. Lotman / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1964

Вопрос о возможностях стихотворного перевода, как правило, не вводится в классическое стихосложение. Он рассматривается, чаще всего, в рамках общей теории перевода. Между тем, по аналогии с развитием лингвистики, априорно можно сказать, что сопоставление структур оригинала и перевода и установление критериев их адэкватности может стать отправным пунктом при определении своеобразия поэтической структуры вообще.

95 години от рождението на Микола Демянович Малярчук

Author(s): Olha Soroka / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2013

A barlanglabirintus gyomrában. Ökonómiától az ökológiáig a színházi fordításban

Author(s): Yvette Jankó Szép / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: VIII/2021

As a translator and researcher of theater and drama specializing in Finnish contemporary auteur-theater I am often faced with difficulties not only in finding ways to translate Finnish theater texts into Hungarian and to make them performable, but also in finding ways to think and speak about theater translation within the bounds of the existing terminology. In the present essay I try to find answers to the question how theater translation studies can offer ideas for a sustainable theater exchange between peripheral European theater ecosystems.

A bíborvörös tanulmány esete

Author(s): Ágnes Kata Miklós / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2017

A Bilingual Digital Edition of La Belle et la Bête and its Russian Translation by Kh. Demidova

Author(s): Alexei Lavrentiev,Liubov Kurysheva / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2021

This paper presents a digital edition of the manuscript of the first Russian translation of Leprince de Beaumont’s The Beauty and the Beast fairy tale (1756), aligned to its French original. The translation was made in 1758 by a twelve year-old girl, Khionia Demidova (1746-1792), and dedicated to her elder brother. Its original manuscript is conserved at the scientific library of Saratov State University (no. 456). This document is interesting from several points of view: the “naive” translation made by a young girl allows us to understand how the French literature was perceived in the 18th century Russia, what aspects of the French language and socio-cultural phenomena of the Western Europe were difficult to understand, and how the socio-cultural phenomena of the Western Europe were perceived. The peculiarities of Khionia’s spelling and punctuation provide data on her knowledge of Russian grammar and orthography. The digital edition includes a multi-layer transcription of the source document aligned with a digital fac-simile and the original French text. It is published online on the TXM-IHRIM web portal (https://txm-ihrim.huma-num.fr). The workflow of the edition Microsoft Word, Oxgarage and TXM may be reused for similar editions and text corpora.

A BLATTOLÓ FORDÍTÁS SZEREPE A KÖZJEGYZŐI OKIRATOK FORDÍTÁSÁBAN

Author(s): Krisztina Sárosi-Márdirosz / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

This paper deals with a specific form of simultaneous interpreting that is called sight translation, meaning that the interpreter reads a text elaborated in a language not understood by the signee of a document and which therefore must be translated for that person. This kind of translation is considered to be a form of simultaneous interpreting because it is an on-line or real-time rendering of a written text in oral form (reading in language B a text written in language A).

A brief introduction to two manuscripts of Bodhisattvāvadānakalpalatā found in Tibet

Author(s): Zhen Liu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

There are two Sanskrit manuscripts of Kṣemendra’s Bodhisattvāvadānakalpalatā preserved at Drepung Monastery in Tibet. The earlier one (according to the colophon) contains all the 108 avadānas comprising the whole text, while the later one only includes the last 61 avadānas. In this paper, we compare and analyse two paratextual elements of the extant versions, namely, pallava-endings and prologue, in order to know how frequently the translator Shong ton Rdo rje rgyal mtshan and the redactor Zha lu lotsāva Chos skyong bzang po used these two manuscripts

A BRIEF STUDY OF RETICENCE IN ESP CLASSES

Author(s): Mirela Costeleanu / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2020

As a complex phenomenon, reticence has been proved to exist in foreign language classroom, affecting the learning of the target language. Students’ low proficiency, their fear of being corrected by their teachers or laughed at by their peers are two of the factors that lead to their unwillingness to take part in classroom activities, especially in speaking activities. The compulsory nature of the second language course may exacerbate the problem by negatively influencing students’ motivation to participate in communication activities. Students rarely volunteer answers and even clear-cut answers may be followed by periods of silence. Given that language primarily exists to facilitate communication, interaction in English has an important role to play in developing learners’ ability to use English effectively and correctly. Since interaction will not happen spontaneously, it is teachers’ responsibility to find the right methods to encourage students to increase their involvement in classroom discussions.

A Bruta Animalia latin fordításai: Antonio Cassarino és Lampugnino Birago

Author(s): Balázs Gaál / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2020

Plutarch’s lively dialogue Bruta animalia ratione uti was translated in the course of the 15th century by three different persons whose works are only extant in manuscripts. For establishing the connections between these translations a thorough study of the texts of the codices is needed. In a previous article, we have dealt with Giovanni Regio’s translation, which is the latest in time (1488), and found traces of the latter’s dependence from the translation of the Milanese Lampugnino Birago (c. 1465–1470). The aim of the present paper is to inquire into the text of the earliest translation by the Sicilian Antonio Cassarino (c. 1440–1445) in parallel with the text of Lampugnino Birago’s translation which followed it after two and a half decades. The different translation methods and devices used by the translators provide ample space for comparison. Whereas Cassarino’s approach is more in keeping with the humanist ideal of ‘translation by sense’ (ad sententiam), Birago as a rule follows a principle of ‘translation by word’ (ad verbum), keeping close to the letter. Beyond the questions of translation theory in general problems relating to the textual tradition of the Latin codices, the possible Greek sources of the translations, and a number of lexical matters are discussed.

A Bruta animalia latin fordításai: Giovanni és Raffaele Regio

Author(s): Balázs Gaál / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

Plutarch’s dialogue Bruta animalia ratione uti mainly reached popularity in humanist circles through a Latin translation made by Giovanni Regio, a young Paduan, in the year 1488. The text of this translation, which is preserved in a paper codex Ms. 958 of the University Library of Padua, was revised and posthumously put into print by Raffaele Regio, Giovanni’s older brother, in the year 1508 in Venice. A comparison of the text of the manuscript with that of the printed version has so far been neglected in philological research. With a detailed analysis, we wish to ascertain how far changes have been effected to the original translation during the revision and try to get an insight into the methods and skills of the young translator. Thereby we shall even be able to trace if there is any further connection of the text with the other two translations of the dialogue, those that were made a few decades earlier by Antonio Cassarino and Lampugnino Birago.

A Byzantine Epigram in the Pictorial Cycle of Akathistos Hymn for the Virgin from the Narthex of Kremikovtsi Monastery St George (1493)

Author(s): Tsvetan Vasilev / Language(s): English Issue: 16-17/2017

The research paper presents an unpublished inscription in Greek language from the narthex of the Kremikovtsi Monastery St George near Sofia – an epigram of the famous Byzantine poet Theodoros Prodromos, who lived at the court of the Komnenian Dynasty in the twelfth century. Being part of the scene Flight into Egypt and – more precisely, – being written in the scroll of a female figure – a personification of the city, no parallel of this inscription has been attested so far in post-Byzantine art. The only other scroll like this has been discovered in the church of the Seslavtsi Monastery St Nicholas near Sofia, but the text there is probably just a decorative detail. A complete study of the preserved part of the damaged inscription is conducted, together with a discussion about its linguistic and literary specifics in the context of the high Byzantine poetry and the Biblical exegesis. The aim is to outline and to describe the raison d’être of this religious epigram (ἱερὸν ἐπίγραμμα) as an expressive instrument for direct communication with the audience through its main stylistic feature – the dialogue between the Saviour and the layman, between the divine and the human nature of Christ. The poetical form chosen by Theodoros Prodromos immediately draws the viewers’ attention and it compels them to reflect upon the scene. Theodoros Prodromos’ epigram in the Kremikovtsi Monastery offers an exceptional and significant proof that the connection of Balkan art to the achievements of the Christian culture of the former Byzantine empire was still alive in the fifteenth century.

A chi assomiglia Elena Ferrante? Un profilo stilometrico aggiornato

Author(s): Michele A Cortelazzo,Arjuna Tuzzi / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2020

Based on a corpus including 150 novels by 40 authors, a stylometric survey was conducted to assess which modern authors were similar to Elena Ferrante, the pen name used for eight novels, including "My Brilliant Friend" (Tuzzi & Cortelazzo 2018a and 2018b). The survey proved that Elena Ferrante’s writing style is remarkably different from that of the other main contemporary Italian novelists with the notable exception of Domenico Starnone. Follow-up studies (Cortelazzo, Mikros & Tuzzi 2018 and another under way) show that non-fiction works signed by Elena Ferrante may be attributed to different authors, i.e., Anita Raja, Starnone again, and a collective author including the staff of the E/O publishing house. This study complements the results obtained by previous research by assessing Elena Ferrante’s role in modern Italian fiction following the publication of her latest novel, "The Lying Life of Adults". In addition, the analysis of her similarities to Domenico Starnone was enhanced by means of a larger corpus of his novels, thus corroborating the outcome of previous research.

A Clown’s Journey: 3 X 7

Author(s): Natalia Afeyan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

A clown travels through times and identities. A personage is handed over to different creators and audiences. A voice changes its purpose. This article observes the metamorphoses of Pierrot from Commedia dell’arte through the romantic malheureux, the decadent Dandy to the perpetual loser and peace-seeker of the turn of the century, following the works of three authors: Giraud, Hartleben, and Schönberg. When and where is this journey going to end? – We don’t know.

A co, jeśli przeszłość powróci? Tłumaczenie dawnych tekstów dla teatru jako performowanie resztek

Author(s): Ewa Bal / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/2019

The article is an attempt to transfer into the field of translation studies selected theories of performance and of performative strategies of establishing relations with the past. The author seeks to define the act of translating old theatrical texts – a fragmentary trace of the Italian dell’arte, a theatrical practice which is forgotten yet paradoxically still reproduced based on specific principles – as “performing remains”. The term is borrowed from Rebecca Schneider, an American performance scholar who introduced it into contemporary humanities in her book Performing Remains. Art and War in Time of Theatrical Reenactment (2011) to describe the theatrical reconstructions of historical events and artistic transformations of historical performances. The tensions between the material and non-material traces of the past and the possibilities of their contemporary transformation in performative actions, as described by Schneider, provide a point of departure for reflecting on the act of translating as an epistemological tool for constructing knowledge about the past and, at the same time, for making the past present in a performative way.

A Cognitive Approach to Metaphorical Expressions

Author(s): Attila Imre / Language(s): English

The present book tries to offer an insight regarding metaphorical expressions containing the following prepositions or verbal prefixes:over, through, above, across in English, prin, peste in Romanian and át,keresztül, felett, felül in Hungarian. the study constitutes the Ph.D.dissertation of the author, and the corpus is based on recent and representative dictionaries of the three languages involved: the shorter oxford English Dictionary, Dicţionarul explicativ al limbii române (the Romanian explanatory Dictionary) and A magyar nyelv értelmezőszótára (the Hungarian explanatory Dictionary).

A Cognitive Approach to Methods of Data Analysis in Classes of Consecutive Interpreting

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Author(s): Ina Sîtnic / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl./2017

In the globalised society that we live in, given the technological development that we have to catch up with, interpreting becomes more visible and more relevant as it is perceived as a means of connecting languages, people and cultures and, more recently, as a means of uncovering the psycho-cognitive subtleties of the mind of the person performing the act of interpreting. The present article is meant to be a study with didactic implications. Students in the Department of Translation, Interpretation and Applied Linguistics (TILA) at Moldova State University have classes of ConsecutiveInterpreting (CI) in the second and third academic year. In this study, we will focus, particularly, on this mode of transferring information from the source-language (English) into the target-language (Romanian) and will take a closer look at the most appropriate methods used to determine if and to what extent students’ behavior and reactions to various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors that they experience while performing interpreting activities affect the product of interpreting.

A COGNITIVE APPROACH TO THE COMPILATION OF TEST MATERIALS FOR THE EVALUATION OF TRANSLATOR’S SKILLS

Author(s): Elena Berg,Mark Kit / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2016

This paper discusses the importance of a cognitive approach to the evaluation of translator’s skills. The authors set forth their recommendations for the compilation of test materials for the evaluation of translators’ cognitive ability.