ფონეტიკური ცვლილებანი თურქულიდან ნასესხებ ლექსიკაში

Author(s): Vardo Chokharadze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2019

Phonetic changes, peculiar to the Georgian language, are striking in words borrowed from the Turkish language. As a result, the borrowed words are pronounced in the same way as Georgian words, in particular:დირეღი<დირეგი (თ. დირექ-ი), ღალიბა<გალიბა... In Georgian the letter “g” is mostly pronounced as Turkish “ğ” and it is more natural for the Georgian language. Both the first letter of the word and the last consonant change.ღამაზი - (არ. gamaz - გამაზ) - ,,evil”, "Barbarian": ,,ის კაცი ღამაზია“ (იმ.)...შაფხა – (şapka) - ,,a hat”: ,,წყალში ჩაცვენილი Áუნანების შაფხები მეიცუა დენიზმა” (თ.ქ.)Thus, the replacement of consonants in the borrowed words of the Samkhruli dialects is subject to the same patterns that are characteristic of the Georgian language.

ლაზური ჩანაწერები

Author(s): Nora Kakhidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2019

ფაზარი, ძველი ათენა, ერთ-ერთი საინტერესო სოფელია ლაზეთში, დღევანდელ რესპუბლიკურ თურქეთში. სწორედ ამიტომ ავირჩიეთ ამ სოფლის მეტყველებაზე დაკვირვება სადისერტაციო თემად, სადაც უნდა გვეკვლია თანამედროვე ფაზარის ლაზური ელემენტები თურქულ ენაში. საკმაოდ მრავალფეროვანი და საინტერესო მასალა მოვიპოვეთ, თუმცა ვერ მოვახერხეთ საკითხის ბოლომდე მიყვანა, ამიტომ მიზანშეწონილად ჩავთვალეთ ეს მდიდარი ემპირიული მასალა ეტაპობრივად გამოვაქვეყნოთ აღმოსავლეთმცოდნეობის დეპარტამენტის კრებულებში. როგორც მოგეხსენებათ, ფაზარის ლაზური მეტყველება მიეკუთვნება ათინურ კილოკავს და ის დიდ დახმარებას გაუწევს ამ კუთხის მეტყველებით დაინტერესებულ მკვლევრებს.

ЦЕРКОВНОСЛАВЯНСКИЙ ПЕРЕВОД ГРЕЧЕСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ КИЕВО-ПЕЧЕРСКИМ СВЯТЫМ МЕЛЕТИЯ СИРИГА ПО РУКОПИСНОМУ ИСТОЧНИКУ XVII ВЕКА

Author(s): Tatyana Stanislavovna Borisova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

The paper deals with the Church Slavonic text of the service dedicated to the Kyivan Caves Saints, which has been preserved in a single copy dating back to the XVII century (Resurrection Monastery collection, manuscript137). The study was performed on the basis of unpublished Greek and Slavonic manuscripts by descriptive and comparative textological methods. The results of the analysis proved that the studied Slavonic text is a translation of the Greek service written in 1643 by a distinguished scholar Meletios Syrigos, who visited Kyiv as a legate of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The description of the manuscript and the analysis of the linguistic peculiarities of the Church Slavonic text revealed that this translation was done in the Kyivan Caves Monastery immediately after the Greek service was composed. Textological analysis showed that some fragments of this service were subsequently used in hymnographic complexes dedicated to the Kyivan Caves Saints, but the service itself was not included in the liturgical practice. Therefore, the creation of both the original Greek service and its Church Slavonic translation was in compliance with the policy of the Kyiv Metropolia for the church glorification of the Kyivan Caves Saints supported by Meletios Syrigos,but was not completed at the time for unknown reasons.

Obrazová příloha I

Author(s): No name Anonymous / Language(s): Czech Issue: 53/2021

Legalese Term Base

Author(s): Attila Imre,Blanka Barabás / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2015

The advent of computers resulted in a certain revolution of technology affecting our lives both directly and indirectly. In the present article we argue that globalization (internationalization) is one of the direct consequences of this revolution, leading to a revolution in the translation industry as well. At present, quality translation of specialized languages presupposes the use of computer-assisted tools, including term bases and translation memories. Legalese translation is one of the most demanding type of translation and we think that the larger the legal database, the better quality may be reached. However, certain drawbacks and impediments are worth discussing on creating a legalese term base.

On Internationalization (I18n)

Author(s): Cristian Lako / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2015

This article examines product and text internationalization within the broader paradigm of GILT (globalization, internationalization, localization, internationalization) processes. It considers perspectives from both the localization industry and academics in translation studies and demonstrates the extent to which theoretical concepts apply to the specificity of website localization and web content translation.

О проблеме канонических контекстов библейского перевода (на материале переводных версий Книги Иова II пол. XV–XVI вв.)

Author(s): Alla Kozhinova,Elena S. Surkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

The present article is concerned with the linguistic aspects of the Book of Job’s translations within their canonical contexts. Lexical correspondences to the Hebrew, Greek or Latin originals in Church Slavonic, Polish, and Ruthenian (prosta(ja) mova) are compared on the material of Vilnius Old Testament Florilegium (F 19–262) (approx. 1517–1533), the Radzivill Bible (Biblia radziwiłłowska) (1563), the Nesvizh Bible (Biblia nieświeska) (1568–72) by Symon Budny, Bible (Biblia Ruska) (1517–1519) by Francis Skoryna, and Ostrog Bible (1580–1581) by Ivan Fyodorov. Establishing the similitude and difference between the texts of the original biblical culture, the translators of the church culture created a new synthesis of their interpretations, including their exegetical and cultural values. On the other hand, describing translations parallel to the original Hebrew text or to the main church-canonized translation, one can see the tendency of influence and interrelation between the new translations that belong to different confessions.

Dažu vācu muzikālo tradīciju pārnese latviešu kultūrtelpā 18. gadsimta otrajā pusē

Author(s): Māra Grudule / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 41/2020

The article gives insight into a specific component of the work of Baltic enlightener Gotthard Friedrich Stender (1714–1796) that has heretofore been almost unexplored – the transfer of German musical traditions to the Latvian cultural space. Even though there are no sources that claim that Stender was a composer himself, and none of his books contain musical notation, the texts that had been translated by Stender and published in the collections Jaunas ziņģes (New popular songs, 1774) and Ziņģu lustes (The Joy of singing, 1785, 1789) were meant for singing and, possibly, also for solo singing with the accompaniment of some musical instrument. This is suggested, first, by how the form of the translation corresponds to the original’s form; second, by the directions, oftentimes attached to the text, that indicate the melody; and third, by the genres of the German originals cantata and song. Stender translated several compositions into Latvian including the text of the religious cantata Der Tod Jesu (The Death of Jesus, 1755) by composer Karl Heinrich Graun (1754–1759); songs by various composers that were widely known in German society; as well as a collection of songs by the composer Johann Gottlieb Naumann (1741–1801) that, in its original form, was published together with notation and was intended for solo-singing (female vocals) with the accompaniment of a piano. This article reveals the context of German musical life in the second half of the 18th century and explains the role of music as an instrument of education in Baltic-German and Latvian societies.

MEMORANDUM „DESPOTA ILIRSKOG“ ĐORĐA II. BRANKOVIĆA AUSTRIJSKOM CARU I KRALJU LEOPOLDU I. IZ 1688. GODINE

Author(s): Željko Karaula / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2018

This paper, along with a short introduction on the Habsburg anti-Ottoman offensive during the Great (Vienna) war (1683-1699), brings a translation of the memorandum of the Serbian diplomat and adventurer Đorđe Branković from 1688 addressed to the Habsburg king and emperor, Leopold I. In it, Branković offers his aid to the emperor in his conquests against the Ottomans and seeks the foundation of the «Illyrian Kingdom» in the area of South-Eastern Europe which was liberated from the Ottomans, under the dynasty of Branković. This kingdom would be, according to Branković, a friend to the Habsburg Monarchy and its faithful ally.

Gli anglicismi ai tempi della pandemia: necessità o esagerazione?

Author(s): Ciprian Florentin Popa / Language(s): Italian Issue: 13/2020

In the difficult time of the coronavirus pandemic, there has been an invasion of Anglicisms in the vocabulary of the Italian language aiming to describe the new reality. The brevity and the conciseness of English words prevailed over native Italian words, taking linguists by surprise. If in some situations the richness of the Italian vocabulary imposed the native word to the detriment of the English loanword, in other cases the latter was preferred. If the main vector that imposes the neologism is as a rule the speakers‟ use, in this case the Anglicisms were imposed by mass media repetitiveness, which had as a result a mass diffusion in a fairly short period of time. Accounting for Anglicisms invading the Italian vocabulary during the pandemic is also the fact that English has come to be viewed the supreme lingua franca in the field of scientific research.

Oryginalne fragmenty kroniki Wiganda von Marburg – opis źródłoznawczy, nowa edycja i polskie tłumaczenie

Author(s): Krzysztof Kwiatkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2021

The article presents a new edition of the original fragments of Wigand von Marburg’s chronicle that have been preserved. In the introduction, the author discusses its manuscript basis, taking into account its previous editions and the editorial principles. The edition includes a total of eleven fragments of the original text of the chronicle in verse, written in 1393–1394 in Middle High German. These fragments have survived as remains of two late-medieval manuscripts and in the sixteenth-century edition of Caspar Schütz’s chronicle. The original text is supplemented by the relevant extracts of the Latin translation of the chronicle, based on its new edition published in 2017.

CROSS LINGUSTIC EQUIVALENCE. THE PARTICULAR CASE OF THE METAPHOR OF LIGHT

Author(s): Mihaela Marieta Damian / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Language of perception is common to all humans within a similar cultural background. Its conceptualization, from a semantic standpoint, is however language specific. With this view in mind, this study aims at investigating, from a cognitive linguistic perspective and from a Descriptive Translation standpoint, the transfer in meaning of conceptual properties assigned to the visual metaphor of ‘light’, in a small scale, English (source language) - Romanian (target language)investigation, seeking to provide a better understanding regarding the nuances implied in the cross-linguistic equivalence of such metaphors, its secondary aim being that of validating these preliminary results through a cross linguistic investigation of similar matters on larger corpora.

AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF CHINESE CULTUREMES – CARRIERS OF THE MOST SUBTLE CULTURAL ALLUSIONS – EXCERPTED FROM CHINESE CONTEMPORARY NOVELS IN ROMANIAN TRANSLATION

Author(s): Iulia Elena Cîndea Gîță / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Culturemes are the markers of the source culture, which can reach the reader in the target language through the ability of the translator, who must, in fact, be a great connoisseur of the most hidden cultural details. For the transposition of a foreign culture into a new culture, for a proper communication between them, a loan is needed, retrieval and processing of information so that it is accepted. The motivation behind this study is to provide an overview of how to approach culturemes in the translation of works of contemporary Chinese culture in Romanian, works characterized by great linguistic and extra-linguistic generosity. In order to achieve this goal, we followed the stages of identifying the culturemes from thirty-one Chinese contemporary novels translated in Romanian; followed by creating a corpus based on fourteen categories and five equivalence methods to ensure the cultural equivalence, coherence and homogeinity of Chinese works recreated for the Romanian reader. Finally, we performed an in-depth study of a selection of culturemes from each category, with the aim of showing their distribution in the Romanian translation of Chinese fiction. The study intends to provoke but also to help raise the awareness that translations are not only transpositions (by this we mean moving from one linguistic register to another without operating the text as part of a cultural whole, approaching it externally to all of its sources of influence from the culture in which it has been created) of a work in another language, but they have the primary role of enriching knowledge about one's culture, civilization, literature - i.e. China's cultural heritage for the present study. Culturally-aware literary translations are the most effective and most stable manner of intercultural exchange, of international prosperity of culture, of understanding and acknowledging the cultural specifics of one nation. The intertextual references - the culturemes - studied are part, as it will be presented, of all cultural spheres, from those denoting the daily life of the Chinese, the food and basic needs, to those denoting holidays, toponymy, units of measurement, history but also those that are politically motivated, while are also spiritual, subtle, erudite, which one close study, extensive knowledge and diligent work can drive the translator to find and transfer them to the target reader.

IN MEMORIAM LEON LEVITCHI: A LIFE OF EXCELLENCE

Author(s): Elena Carmen Bobocescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

For Romanian Anglophiles as well as for many alumni with a degree in English Letters at the University of Bucharest, the year 2018 appears to be important in more than one way: not only does it mark the centenary of the Great Union and the coming into existence of modernRomania, but it is also the year we commemorate the birth centenary of a prominent cultural personality - Leon Levitchi. Born on August 27 1918, the former professor at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures directed and contributed to the development of the Department of English during the difficult years of the communist regime. Professor Levitchi was a model of accomplished scholar as he combined teaching, translating, academic research and extensive publishing; he authored some of the best English-Romanian dictionaries, the first handbook for Romanian translators into English and detailed grammar books which guided generations of Romanian students into the learning and teaching of English. One of his major achievements is the translation of George Călinescu‘s History of the Romanian Literature published in 1989 which offered West-European scholars the chance to find out more about the literary history of a country behind the Iron Curtain.

REPRESENTING MIGRANTS AND REFUGEES AS “OTHERS” IN THE ROMANIAN ONLINE MEDIA

Author(s): Valentina Marinescu,Ecaterina Balica / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The article analyzes the Romanian media’s headlines coverage of the 2016 refugee crisis. The sample used in the study included all the articles identified in the online media that dealt with the refugee crisis and were published between June 2015 and October 2016. Our results showed that the vocabulary used in the headlines was very simple, without internal variations. Also, the articles included in our sample had appealed less to “primary defining terms for the situation”, being as such less normative in approaching the topic of interest and more emotional in their approach to the issue.

ECONOMIC NOUN-ANGLICISMS IN ROMANIAN ONLINE MEDIA

Author(s): Elena Tălmăcian / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The focus of the present paper is on the more and more numerous economic noun-anglicisms in Romanian online media as well as their adaptation degrees. The theoretical part of the present paper is supported by various contexts containing business noun-anglicisms and demonstrating the fact that noun-anglicisms outnumber the other types of anglicisms (adjective-anglicisms, verb-anglicisms or adverb-anglicisms). The present study also tackles upon the necessity or its absence (although the distinction may be very difficult sometimes as there are several factors that have to be taken into account) when it comes to the use of economic noun-anglicisms and tries to offer several translation solutions that could avoid eventual communication difficulties or misunderstandings of the messages in which such terms/ expressions appear.

DIE ÜBERSETZBARKEIT DES DEUTSCHEN PRÄFIXOIDES HEIDEN- INS RUMÄNISCHE. KONTRASTIVE SPRACHVALENZEN

Author(s): Nicoleta Gabriela Gheorghe / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2016

The article is about the translatability of the prefixoide Heiden-, part of many augmentative formations of the German present language. The positive and pejorative meanings that the reinforcement is expressed vary depending on the context and the speaker's intention. The analysis of the Romanian linguistic valences is carried out taking into account the following criteria: morphological, stylistic, semantic, pragmatic and syntactic and shows lexical meanings in the Romanian press language. Synthetic vs Analytical are the poles of the proposed elativic meanings of the German augmentative formations mentioned in the article.

DEUTSCHE AUGMENTATIVA DER EGENWARTSSPRACHE UND IHRE ÜBERSETZBARKEIT INS RUMÄNISCHE: EINE KORPUSBASIERTE (KONTRASTIVE) UNTERSUCHUNG. ÜBERSETZBARKEIT DER PRÄFIXOIDE MIT SUPERLATIVER BEDEUTUNG AFFEN-, BÄREN-, BLITZ- IN DIE RUMÄNISCHE SPRACHE

Author(s): Nicoleta Gabriela Gheorghe / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

„Where do most of the super-rich live?"„On the death of Hans Riegel: the man with a ravenous hunger"„Emancipation is a devil of a job for men" „Windows 7 – a mega success" These are examples from the broad corpus-based linguistic research in my PhD thesis, where I analyse the translatability of some highly used German superlative prefixoids (wordinitial segments resembling prefixes) into Romanian. The multifaceted analysis is based on pragmatic, morphological, semantic, structural, stylistic and etymological criteria.

Postmodernul „Mereu verde...”

Author(s): Raluca Daniela Mihai / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Literature has always taken the shape of a manifest, the indulgement of thoughts, feelings, phantasms and uprising, times and often expressing that inner courage to take a step, say something, unravel with writing being the entity that completes it through the transfer of thoughts and ideas in the best possible way. Literature is on a path of continuous change and its` cycles have the urge to always bring something new, a new way of thinking, this being the set in which postmodernism came to light, a cosmopolite phenomenon that brought along a denial to the majority of the techniques used in literature, this giving literature a new face in a new and original way by studying people in their everyday life not by creating an exact copy of reality but rather by generating a fictional world to represent reality. Slovak literature has seen remarkable changes when, at the end of the nineteenth century, it has entered a new stage, creating adequate conditions conducive to modern literature, given the changes in the social condition of the writer. Literary life will undergo a major change on the topic of literary works, but also the method of creation, which is destined to highlight the artistic virtues of the writer and altogether satisfying taste reader. Among those who contributed to the development of good translations in English, which broke into the phenomenon of postmodernism, have brought attention writings literature, facilitated change the image of their own people, the spirit, contributing to the evolution of literary canon in Slovakia was writer Pavel Vilikovský, slovak writer, journalist and translator. It has become increasingly known as a literary figure major post-communist period in Central Europe.

The problem of Slavic Vlachъ and Medieval Latin „Blachus”, which ethnic group(s) do these forms refer to?

Author(s): Sorin Paliga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Autorul reia cu noi date un studiu recent (Paliga 2015), pornind de la mult citatul fragment din Anonymus, Gesta Hungarorum; într-adevăr, muitl citat dar, din păcate, eronat tradus de mulți autori, români și maghiari. Numele etnic Vlachъ, în latina postclasică și medievală Blachus, pl. Blachi, de asemenea Blasi a avut conotații variabile. Sensul de bază a fost „(orice) grup etnic romanizat”, ulterior s-a referit, cel mai adesea, fie la italieni, fie la români. În textul lui Anonymus însă, în cazul menționat, se referă – fără doar și poate – la populația romanizată din Pannonia (cultura arheologică Keszthely). În alte părți, textul se referă într-adevăr la români (pastores Romanorum and Blasi).