FALSE FRIENDS: AMONG THE NIGHTMARES OF A TRANSLATOR or HOW TO BEFRIEND FALSE FRIENDS

Author(s): Bianca Oana Han / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

In the present article we aim to underline the necessity to master the vocabulary of a foreign language to the extent to which it does not backfire, due to uninspired usage of words that might appear, at first sight to be friendly but, which are, actually not just that. They are the well-known 'false friends', to be handled with care. Therefore, we intend to understand the strategies used by translators in order to cope with them in a translation. However, we are going to briefly present a succinct overview of the matter, just enough to draw a general outline intended to support our concern

Ролята на прагматиката и контекста при развитието на перфектни конструкции със съм и имам английски и български език

Author(s): Bozhil Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

This paper discusses the development of perfect constructions with be and have in English and Bulgarian. Special attention is paid to the competition between be and have in English, resulting in the ultimate demise of be as a perfect auxiliary, as well as to the rise of new have-perfects in Bulgarian. Various functionalist hypotheses have been put forward in order to explain these processes. Upon closer examination, however, it emerges that functional phenomena under investigation. Rather than being avoided, ambiguity is either resolved or it does not matter in context. It appears that earlier scholars might have put so much emphasis on such functional considerations due to a bias in favour of written language, where editing and clarity of expression are more important. If spontaneous spoken language is seen as primary, it becomes clear why the availability of more than one reading was not detrimental, but instead fostered the (re)emergence of cross-linguistically similar grammaticalised constructions, as well as their interchangeability, due to natural inferences in the course of communication, leading to bleaching and shifts of meaning/usage. Once the central role of pragmatics, including inference in context, is recognised (as is traditionally done in grammaticalisation studies), the phenomena receive a more plausible explanation.

Неопределенный артикль при имени собственном в болгарском и итальянском языках: нетривиальность и интерпретационный потенциал

Author(s): Victoria A. Lazareva,Elena Yu. Ivanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The authors of the present article compare, through the prism of the referential approach, the functions and semantics of nominal groups composed by indefinite article + proper name (anthroponym) in Bulgarian and Italian languages. The referential approach reveals complex semantic structure and functional variability of both indefinite article and proper names. The analysis allows to consider in a broader perspective the semantical role of the category of definiteness / indefiniteness for the interpretation of the utterance.

Балкански паралели при заемане от ромски: гàдже < gadžó и γκόμενα < gomí

Author(s): Birgit Igla / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

On the basis of the observed semantic closeness in Bulgarian and Greek between ‘гадже’ (gadzhe, ‘girlfriend’) and ‘γκóμεν-α/ -ος’ it is assumed that there are running parallels between the two words diachronically. While it is clear beyond any doubt that the Bulgarian word ‘гадже’ (gadzhe, ‘girlfriend’) has been derived from a Romani lexeme, the etymological research on the Greek word /γκóμεν-α/ -ος/ is far from conclusive and convincing. The paper promotes and supports the hypothesis that both words share a Romani origin.

Wymienność partnerów aspektowych, czyli kilka uwag na temat irrelewancji aspektu

Author(s): Beata Terka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2021

This paper discusses the issue of irrelevance of the aspect of the Polish verb. In specific contexts, the grammatical category of aspect, being obligatory in the Polish language, is in fact redundant. The identification of such contexts (and hence review of the most important current observations and convictions in this respect), the attempt at ordering and describing them enabled systematic material research based on a (Polish–German and German–Polish) translation. The findings presented in the paper might be a good starting point for a reflection on the reasonability of including the described issue in curricula of teaching Polish as a foreign language. Due to its reach and frequency, the phenomenon of alternation of aspectual partners should be more frequently discussed in the literature dedicated to aspect and Polish glottodidactics.

Бележки към семасиологичните и транслатологични аспекти на употребата на лексемата „Europa“ и нейните деривати в немски език в сравнение с употребата на нейното българско съответствие „Европа“ и неговите деривати (С когнитивно-лингвистичен опит)

Author(s): Hilmar Walter / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2-3/2020

Деривационни похвати в европейската здравна терминология (съпоставка на еднословни термини в българския, полския и английския)

Author(s): Zhana Stancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2-3/2020

This paper studies the Bulgarian, Polish and English legal terminology in the field of Public health of the European Union. Only one-word-terms, which are derivatives are being analysed. The aim is to compare their word-building structure and to distinguish which derivational categories and types are the most frequent in each language. Only terms from the category nomina agentis are presented in all three languages. Affixation is the most used word-formation process in Bulgarian terminology, paradigmatic derivation – in Polish, and conversion – in English.

Phonological Patterns in the Translations of Poe’s “The Bells” into Romanian

Author(s): Maria-Teodora Creangă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Of all translation work in the world at any given time, poetry makes up just a small proportion. And of all theorists in translation, only a few tackled the issue of poetry translation for reasons that need no expatiation. The article below discusses two translations into Romanian of Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Bells,” focusing on the approaches and techniques used by the translators in what concerns the transfer of phonological patterns from English into Romanian. The aim is to determine to what extent the target-language texts are faithful replicas in terms of orchestration and aesthetic function, and, whether the outcome has suffered any meaning transformation as a result of the transfer of phonological patterns.

Sintaktička, leksikološka i stilistička raščlamba prijepisa Senjskoga statuta Vuka Ručića

Author(s): Mario Šimudvarac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2014

In the article the author specifies the syntactical, lexicographical and stylistic features of the transcript of the Senj statute of Vuk Ručić from 1701, he speaks about the translation of the transcript of the Senj statute into the standard Croatian language and gives a conclusion about the overall linguistic analysis of this old Croatian legal text.

Alcuni commenti sulla ricezione della figura di Ificrate di Atene nella letteratura latina e occidentale

Author(s): Wojciech Duszyński,Bartosz Kołoczek / Language(s): Italian Issue: 22/2019

Ificrate di Atene (c. 420 – c. 350 a.C.) è un comandante militare greco che sembra essere un esempio di una figura famosa nell’antichità, ma quasi completamente dimenticata nei tempi successivi. Ha ricoperto più volte l’incarico di stratega nella sua città natale e nel 390 ha vinto gli Spartani nella battaglia di Lecheo. È stato condottiero al servizio dei sovrani traci e del re di Persia. Molto probabilmente ha apportato innovazioni negli armamenti di fanteria: conosciute come “la riforma di Ificrate”. La sua fama è andata ben oltre il mondo greco, come dimostrano i riferimenti conservati nella letteratura latina, sovente molto utili per la ricostruzione della sua biografia. Pertanto, l’Ateniese apparteneva ai personaggi piuttosto noti tra i Romani, che probabilmente attirarono l’attenzione su aspetti notevolmente diversi dal suo ritratto nelle fonti greche. I riferimenti sorprendenti su Ificrate si trovano anche nella letteratura moderna (sia neo–latina, che sviluppata in lingue nazionali). Lo scopo di que to articolo è quello di identificare quegli elementi della biografia del comandante ateniese, che erano di particolare interesse per gli autori latini e moderni basati sulla antica letteratura latina, di determinare le fonti che hanno usato e specificare le ragioni del loro fascino.

LEV NİKOLAYEVİÇ TOLSTOY VE TÜRKİYE: TÜRK EDEBİYATINA ETKİSİ

Author(s): A. İ. Şifman / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 69/2021

In his youth years L. N. Tolstoy chose Arabic-Turkish literature as his future specialty. He enrolled in the Department of Arabic-Turkish Literature at Kazan University, started learning Turkish. In 1860’s he published a booklet called Muhammed where he spoke of the lives of the Turks. Tolstoy visited Turks in Tula who were taken captive by Russians in the 1878 Turkish-Russian war, talked to them about Turkish culture. He also talked to the Russian villagers who were captured by the Turks and then later returned to Russia about the life and moral structures of the Turks. Tolstoy corresponded with the translator Olga Lebedeva who came to Turkey in 1881 on his books’s translation into Turkish language. Tolstoy received information about Turkey from her. Tolstoy reflected the gained information on the lifestyle of Turks and Turkish culture in his works like Russian Reading Books, Reading Circle, Life Path etc. In the early 1900’s Tolstoy started correspondences with Turkish writers. Turkish writers such as Baha Tevfik, Raif Necdet, Vahdet Gültekin, Nazım Hikmet, Zeki Baştimar translated Tolstoy’s works into Turkish language. Trukish writers like Reşat Nuri Güntekin, Halit Fahri Ozansoy, Sabahattin Ali confessed that Tolstoy had a profound impact on their literary creativity.

Qari Rahmatullah Vozeh and His Antology Named Tohfe-Tul Ahbab Fi Tadhkira-Tul As’hab

Author(s): Murat Akyüz / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2020

Qari RahmatullahVozeh was a poet, doctor, scientist, and statesman who lived in Bukhara in the 19th century. He was well educated, and being fluent in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish (both Chagatai and Anatolian Turkish), he wrote poems in all three languages. He has written thirteen books and his most important work was the Tohfe-tul Ahbab fi Tadhkira-tul As’hab. In the period between the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, Tohfe-tul Ahbab fi Tadhkira-tul As’hab was one of the most important works from amongst the seven poetry anthologies written in the Khanate of Bukhara. Written in a biographical form, the work has been an important source of reference to all subsequent anthological works and literary history books written after it. There are fifteen manuscript copies of this work which are available in the various libraries of Tashkent, Dushanbe, St. Petersburg. In addition, the work was published twice, first, in Tashkent in 1914 and subsequently in Dushanbe in 1977. In this study, first of all, the definition of a poetry anthology was made and the historical development of the tradition of writing anthologies in Persian and Turkish languages was examined. In the subsequent sections, this particular anthology was analyzed by giving a detailed information about the author and his work. After the analysis, the comparative text, Turkish translation and the facsimile of the anthology were highlighted. In the conclusion, the historical development of anthologies and the place and importance of Tohfe-tul Ahbab fi Tadhkira-tul As’hab in this development were emphasized.

Zu den Archaismen in Adam Pomorskis Übersetzungen der Neuen Gedichte von Rainer Maria Rilke

Author(s): Adam Gorlikowski / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2020

The subject of the article are archaisms that occur in Adam Pomorski’s translations of both parts of “New Poems” by Rainer Maria Rilke. The definition of archaism assumed in this paper encompasses the definitions of archaisms found in the monolingual Polish dictionaries edited by Stanisław Dubisz, Mirosław Bańko and Witold Doroszewski. The research conducted aims at determining the degree of the archaic nature of the words under discussion and their functions in the translations. Before the functions of the archaisms were analyzed, it was investigated if there are some obsolete words or archaic language phenomena in the “New Poems”. The majority of the archaisms identified in the translations can be classified as lexical ones; some grammatical archaisms have been found as well. By using archaisms, Pomorski stylizes the translations and creates rhymes. First of all, these obsolete words and phrases sometimes induce the readers to use dictionaries of Polish.

Tłumaczeniowa ekwiwalencja rozproszona: polskie coś ty i ich angielskie odpowiedniki

Author(s): Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

The present paper, dedicated to the memory of a distinguished Polish linguist, Professor Roman Kalisz, is an attempt at emotive interpretation of the Polish discourse markers (no) coś ty, and their English equivalents in pragmatic contexts of diffused translational equivalence. The language materials referred to are generated from the National Corpus of Polish, British National Corpus and parallel data as well as instances of use from Polish and English monitor corpora.

Z historii orientalistyki… Listy Sanisława Szachno-Romanowicza do Władysława Kotwicza

Author(s): Jan Tyszkiewicz / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2020

Władysław Kotwicz (1872–1944), eminent Mongolist and Altaist, in 1926–1939 was a Professor of the University of Jan Kazimierz in Lvov where he was a Chair of the Far East. The present article discusses the correspondence which W. Kotwicz received from Stanisław Szachno-Romanowicz (1900–1975). The letters date from 1920s. They document the development of Polish Oriental Studies in independent Poland. The correspondence consists of twenty eight letters and postcards sent by Szachno-Romanowicz from Warsaw to Vilnius where W. Kotwicz stayed while he was free from university duties.

La oposición de los verbos ser y estar con adjetivos y participios desde la perspectiva comparativa español-polaco

Author(s): Justyna Wesoła / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 19/2020

The opposition between the verbs ser and estar, being absent in Polish, is one of the most recurrent subjects of teaching Spanish as a foreign language in Poland and one of the most evident differences between both languages. This article analyzes the possible analogy between the meanings of the two verbs in their copulative uses and the information provided by the Polish category of grammatical aspect. By the usage of the confrontational method (the analysis of the existing grammatical descriptions) and, first of all, the comparative method with a translation approach (the comparison of the originals and their translations), the paper attempts to discover the regularities that rule the transfer of the ser/estar opposition in combination with adjectives and participles to Polish.

POSTPAMIĘĆ SCHYŁKOWEGO OKRESU SOCJALIZMU W POLSCE A KOMPETENCJA TŁUMACZENIOWA STUDENTÓW FILOLOGII ROSYJSKIEJ (NA MATERIALE BADAŃ PRZEPROWADZONYCH NA TERENIE PODKARPACIA)

Author(s): Dorota Chudyk,Anna ŻARSKA / Language(s): Polish Issue: 70/2021

Translation competence is not only a good command of the languages but also the knowledge about the reality, culture, and history of both communities of communication. The observations conducted during the process of developing translation competence on philological studies allow us to make a hypothesis. The knowledge about the reality, affairs, and trauma associated with the decline of the socialist period and political transformation in Poland should be stored in the young generation’s memory not only thanks to history teaching at school, but also their parents’ and grandparents’ memories. However, the knowledge is not sufficient for adequate translation from Polish to Russian. The article presents the results of questionnaire surveys conducted among primary schools pupils in the Rzeszów region and Russian Philology students at the University of Rzeszów. The young generation’s memory of the decline of Polish People’s Republic and the texts translated by students of the translation speciality are discussed.

Formas de tratamento nominais na língua portuguesa. Algumas observações de caráter contrastivo português europeu – polaco

Author(s): Joanna Drzazgowska / Language(s): Portuguese Issue: 18/2019

The aim of the paper Nominal forms of address. Some comparative observations on European Portuguese – Polish is to analyse some aspects of the system of nominal forms of address in contemporary European Portuguese. The main goal of the author is to demonstrate not only certain problems occurring in learning nominal forms of address by Polish students but also difficulties in translating them into Polish.

Korespondencja Zygmunta Haupta z redakcją „Tematów”

Author(s): Paweł Panas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2019

Zygmunt Haupt’s preserved correspondence with the editors of Tematy (Paweł Mayewski and Jan Kempka) from the years 1962-1970 consists of seventeen letters. During that time, Haupt published in the quarterly from New York his translations of three poems by Robert Frost and one by Robert Lowell, as well as one short story of his own. This correspondence, although modest in volume, is an interesting testimony of Haupt’s collaboration with an important émigré journal. It also presents the writer as someone interested in the current literary life, trying his hand as a translator of American poetry.

Ginsberg Barańczaka. Z dziejów jed(y)nego przekładu

Author(s): Oskar Meller / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2019

The article is an analysis of the translation of the poem A Supermarket in California (Supermarket w Kaliforni), the only poem by Allen Ginsberg translated by Stanisław Barańczak. In the critical works of the author of Facial Corrections (Korekta twarzy) the beatnik’s poetics is contrasted with the poetry of Robert Frost and James Merill – writers crucially important to the translator. Despite this, A Supermarket… enriched Barańczak’s anthology of American Poetry published in 1998. The translator’s key choice appears to be the use of a conversational idiom, placing the poem opposite the ‘howling’ diction from the flagship poems of the author of Howl. The testaments of a dialogue with tradition is what Barańczak seeks in it; he is most interested in the formal and semantic bows to the father of American poetry. What Barańczak makes the semantic dominant is, rather than the structure of the text or the images evoked in it, Whitman’s patronage with all its consequences.