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$Academic infractions of assessed work in Japanese langauge$

Academic infractions of assessed work in Japanese langauge

Author(s): Junko Winch / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Google Translate (GT) is a free on-line translation tool and accessible to anyone including students who study languages.Before the advent of GT, dictionaries have been used by language learners, which have only receptive translation function.Unlike dictionaries, GT has two translation functions: receptive and productive. This productive function of GT has been increasingly creating problems in university language assessment and language teachers with students’ cheating, plagiarism or academic infractions. The purpose of this article is to find evidence that GT has a causal effect of students’ cheating,plagiarism or academic infractions. In addition, how coherence also seems to be associated with academic infraction is discussed before the methodology. The study investigated the formative Japanese coursework essay writings of three students who have studied Japanese for 1 year but with no basic understanding or knowledge of the Japanese language at a university of South of England. It is concluded that all the three students were suspected of committing plagiarism in spite of teacher’s warning of plagiarism. The implications of this study are directed at institutions, teachers and students. Institutions should review the information gap between the websites which are written for students and the university’s official published website statement on plagiarism. Institutions may also need to mention GT specifically in the plagiarism documentation. Institutions may also consider adopting an additional cover sheet system to use as students’ declaration of plagiarism. Language teacher should be familiar with the differences between plagiarism vs. cheatings, plagiarism vs.academic infractions/offences and the components of academic infractions of the university they work. Students shouldsubmit their own work, not using GT or copying and pasting translated sentences from websites.

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Developing intercultural competence of trainee translators

Author(s): Leila Mirzoyeva,Oxana Syurmen / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Intercultural competence is one of the key aspects of a translator / interpreter competence as it contributes to better understanding of the source text and thus, its more 'ideal' conveying into the target language. The purpose of this research is to clarify the areas requiring improvement in the process of developing trainee translators' intercultural competence in the context of Kazakhstani education. Questionnaires for instructors teaching Practical English course and translation courses were used to collect data about the most problematic aspects of to-be translators' training and cultural awareness of students. The preliminary results of the research show the lack of cultural information at phonetic, intonation and grammar levels, which supposes developing of a special system of exercises and integrating two different pathways represented by theoretical courses such as lingua-cultural studies and practical courses like English for specific professional purposes

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Spark and Sparkle – „Iskra i gra”. O tłumaczeniu poezji absurdalnej na przykładzie wiersza Ogdena Nasha

Author(s): Maciej Skrzypecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2019

The article is a short presentation of a translation concept created by an American cognitivist and physicist Douglas Hofstadter included in his book Le Ton beau de Marot. The principles of the concept are presented by means of a metaphor. Translation is a game of, only partially conscious, participation in an infinite loop: words evoke images and images – words. The contact with the original text creates images in the translator’s mind that he or she translates by means of language structures into sentences/verses of the target language. This cognitive intuition is paired with a structural category of Stanisław Barańczak’s semantic dominant. This methodological, structural-cognitive pair is a starting point for the analysis of Barańczak’s translation of Ogden Nash’s The Dog. The stylistic and formal solutions (especially rhymes) used by the translator are analysed, but the main goal of the text is to capture the elusive, i.e. the analysis of the interlinguistic and ‘inter-mental’ translation of the absurd sense of humour.

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L’Italia di Paweł Hertz

Author(s): Olga Płaszczewska / Language(s): Italian Issue: 39/2020

The article is an attempt at reconstructing the remarks by Paweł Hertz (essayist, poet, translator, writer and publisher) on Italy and its artistic legacy. A short presentation of the writer is followed by a discussion of his actual journeys in Italy based on the available autobiographical material. Next, there are reflections on Hertz’s interest in Italian literature and European texts about Italy (based on essays and editorial work). Treated as a separate issue is the view of Italian art through the prism of Polish artistic work (the spheres of associations, interference and references) in Hertz’s journalism. Other issues discussed in the article cover poems about Italy, their place among the writer’s works and the main threads and motifs. The article’s final notes focus on the observations on the value of Polish reception of Italian cultural legacy and its basic aspects that Hertz regularly emphasised at various stages of his creative life.

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Literatura polska w oczach Chinki polonistki. Z Li Yinan rozmawiają Elżbieta Winiecka i Joanna Krenz

Author(s): Joanna Krenz,Elżbieta Winiecka,Li Yinan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2021

The article presents the dynamics, characteristics and the shifting paradigms of the reception of Polish literature in China from 2012 to 2020. The author analyses the reasons for the popularity of the most often translated and read Polish authors on the Chinese publishing market, with particular interest in Czesław Miłosz, Olga Tokarczuk and Andrzej Sapkowski. She also presents the translators – both experienced and often recognised and awarded doyens of Polish studies in China, and those from the intermediate and youngest generations to whom the oldest ones passed the knowledge, skills, passion and the sense of common mission of building cross-cultural dialogue through literature.

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Wielka sztuka niewielkiego narodu: Polska na tle kontaktów literackich Chin z Europą Środkowo-Wschodnią

Author(s): Karolina Galewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2021

In 2020, Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog published the Polish version of Chiny i Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia. Historia kontaktów literackich (China and Central and Eastern Europe. The History of Literary Contacts) by Chinese literary scholars: Ding Chao and Song Binghui. The book is part of the series Historia Kontaktów Literackich między Chinami a Zagranicą (The History of China’s Foreign Literary Contacts) which aims to become a comprehensive description of China’s cultural exchange with other countries. Volume 17 is devoted to China’s relationships with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia. In this group, Poland occupies one of the central positions due to, among other, a high interest in Polish history among Chinese intellectual elite of the early twentieth century and among the reformers of Chinese literature in that period. The article discusses the sources of the popularity of Polish themes in the formative period of modern Chinese literature and the reception of Polish literature in China today. It also attempts to familiarise the readers with the themes studied by the researchers, the goals they set for themselves and the methods they used to achieve them, and presents the benefits of publishing the book in Polish.

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Słowo o Józefi e Łobodowskim i konferencji naukowej w Lublinie z okazji 110 rocznicy urodzin pisarza

Author(s): Ludmiła Siryk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2019

The subject of reflection is, first, the work of Jozef Lobodovski (1909–1988), a Polish poet, prose writer, journalist, and translator and, second, an international conference that took place on March 21–22, 2019, at the Faculty of Humanities of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of his birth. From his infancy, the writer was associated with Lublin but spent most of his life abroad, in Spain. His attitude is characterised by universalism understood as tolerance towards nations in the cultural and religious context, as well as an uncompromising, stubborn struggle for the freedom of nations conquered by Soviet imperialism. A distinct feature of his interests is the East Slavonic problem, especially the Ukrainian one. During the meeting, 16 papers were delivered by scientists from Poland, Ukraine, and Spain. The programme of the conference included a violin concert (performed by the younger generation of the writer’s family) and recitations, performed by the UMCS students of Ukrainian philology, of works and poetic translations by Jozef Lobodovski, as well as of translations of his poetry into Ukrainian. The aim of the activities undertaken is not only to promote the artist with an exceptionally rich artistic and journalistic achievements but also to preserve the memory of him as a man of international dialogue, a humanist and a patriot, a noteworthy literary figure of Lublin during the interwar period, and a political emigrant who was banned in the Polish People’s Republic.

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Feyzullah Sâcid’in Manzum Mesnevî Tercümesi

Author(s): Yılmaz Öksüz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 44/2021

Mathnawī, one of the basic works of Islamic civilization, has received great attention since the day it was written. In addition to Eastern languages such as Arabic, Hindi, Sanskrit and Urdu, it has also been transleted to Western languages such as German, Dutch, French, English, Spanish and Italian. Feyḍullah Sājid (1892-1978) was one of the translators of the Mathnawī, many translations and commentaries of which were made into Turkish literature. Sājid translated the first book of Mathnawī in 4,118 couplets in syllabic meter and published the first thirty-four of them in Ottoman Turkish in 1928; he later published all of them in new alphabet. Thirty-four couplets, which are the subject of the present study, are successful in terms of meter, rhyme and antibacchius. They have a very simple and understandable style. In terms of rhetoric, they contain strong couplets, as well as couplets that do not exceed the average. Adopting the literary translation method, the interpreter translated the words of the source text by finding appropriate corresponding words in Turkish or using the words in common use. He also benefited from the original words of the source text to a degree that did not harm the simplicity of the translation. While he conveyed the literal meaning in some verses, he used concepts or idioms that had no equivalent in the source text. This approach was not always accurate; it sometimes added richness to the translation, while causing the meaning of the source text to be misunderstood or not to be understood. The translation is in accordance with the content of Mathnawī, except for abovementioned issues. In the part where the rise of the existence is dealt with (1-18), it is stated that ‘just as the ney is taken from the reed, man is separated from the bazm-i alast (the world of spirits), moaning constantly to reach to his homeland’. ‘The person who is addicted to this sorrow looks for a heart that has been shredded with longing to be able to express its concerns. Nevertheless, although everybody assume that they are companions of Mawlānā, nobody seeks the secret he has. His secret is not far from his cries, but not all ears and eyes have the illumination to understand him.’ Mentioning that ‘the sound of ney is fire, not wind’, Sājid lists the ‘qualities of ney’, and then expresses that ‘the days are untimely faded in sorrow and all except for the fish are deceived by the water.’ The translator, who thinks it is pointless to extend the word, concludes this part as follows: Does the novice understand the condition of the experienced/In fact, word needs to be brief now. The translator starts to the section dealing with the need to leave the world by saying that “oh my son, emancipate yourself through breaking the chains”. He then proceeds saying that “The sea that falls into a container will be exhausted in a day, and the ambitious will not be satisfied.” According to him, ‘the remedy for this trouble is love because the one whose garment is torn by love suffers no more from shame or ambition. With it, the flesh made of dirt rose to the sky, and the mountain began to dancing and watching.’ ‘The lover that doesn't burn with love is like a wingless bird’. According to Sājid, who stated that ‘without the beauty of the beloved, the beginning and the end cannot be comprehended, the secrets of love cannot be kept hidden just as the reflections in the mirror cannot be hidden. If the mirror of the soul cannot reflect, that’s because its face is thoroughly rusted.’

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Media Studies, Cross-Cultural Communication, and the Heart. Caring and Sharing in French, English, Czech, and German

Author(s): James W. Underhill / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (242)/2020

This article seeks to establish to what extent we think with the heart and express ourselves with the heart in various European languages. Working with a wide media-based corpus bringing together electronic corpora, on-line resources, literary texts, and newspaper articles, as well as interviews with students, professionals, and academics, this article explores the working hypothesis that the way we communicate is related to the heart and heartfelt expression. Beyond the politics of media studies, communication studies and cultural theory, the concept of the heart is studied in a quarto-lingual cross-cultural study of English, French, Czech, and German. The heart may not be a universal in the terms Wierzbicka and Goddard define universals. Nonetheless, the various words used in French, Czech and German to designate what English-speakers refer to as heart, support the hypothesis that the heart remains a core value in European thought with a living tradition in all the four languages investigated. Rather than fading out as an anachronistic pre-modern notion, the heart continues beating throughout various fields of contemporary life in the four lingua-cultures explored, in sources ranging from literary texts, self-help works, newspaper articles and seminars to business and marketing discourse.

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Traducere și pertinență

Author(s): Irina Breahnă / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Following its first edition in 1991, E.-A. Gutt’s work „Translation andRelevance” has become classic in translation studies during last ten years. Its secondedition in 2000 intends to bring out with new clarity the truly unique mandate of translationwhich distinguishes it from other ways of interlingual communication” (2014, p. 208). TheTheory of Relevance (Sperber, Wilson, 1995) focuses on the translator who makes relevantdecisions depending on the addressee. As it is a cognitive theory of human communication,Relevance has a power of explanation and generalization that is strong enough to account forthe cognitive aspects of translation. A particular translation theory is therefore not necessary.E.-A. Gutt insists on this point, which has been criticized many times since.In the present research the author reflects on the role of translation in the Relevanceframework as well as highlights their own account of how cognition and context shape thismode of interlingual communication

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Tibetan Buddhist masters between two lives: a closer look at the genre of bar do’i rnam that using the example of the Seventh Karma pa, Chos grags rgya mtsho (1454–1506)

Author(s): Dominik Dell / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper sets out to provide an overview of the little-researched genre of bar do’i rnam thar – an account of the experience of the intermediate state between two incarnations by Tibetan Buddhist masters. Representatives of this genre are identified, and the state of research and translation is summarised. This paper contributes to this field of research by providing an annotated translation, analysis, and critical edition of the so-far untranslated bar do’i rnam thar of the Seventh Karma pa from the mKhas pa’i dga’ ston.

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Effective Academic Courses in English for Real Estate and Facility Management

Author(s): Albena Stefanova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The article considers the development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and discusses the features of effective academic courses in English for real estate and facility management in terms of syllabus, curriculum design, authentic materials and key objectives. It examines the possibility to employ an interdisciplinary approach in order to optimize course content and to provide for the balanced development of all components of the functional communicative competence of the students. Honing the knowledge and skills required for successful operation in a professional context is viewed with regard to specialized vocabulary, the specific features of the real estate and facility management subject matter, specialized oral and written communication, awareness of common business correspondence, discourse analysis, strategies for coping with communication problems, etc. In addition and in light of the modern developments in information and communication technologies, effective academic courses for students of real estate and facility management should be designed taking into account the way new generations perceive, communicate and learn as well as by employing the Internet, social media, blogs, e-resources and databases in line with the scientific voices for courses that encourage student engagement and motivation through interaction, exploration, relevancy, multimedia, instruction and authentic assessment (Windham, 2005; Parsons and Taylor, 2011).

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The Celtic Languages in the Сравнительные Словари (1787–1789): An Introduction

Author(s): Mark Ó Fionnáin / Language(s): English Issue: 11S/2021

In the 1780s, a multilingual dictionary was published in Saint Petersburg in the Russian Empire, under the editorship of the German Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811). As its title— Сравнительные Словари Всѣхъ Языковъ и Нарѣчiй [Comparative Vocabularies of all Languages and Dialects]—explains, it aimed to be a comparative dictionary of almost 300 headwords and numbers in Russian and their equivalents in 200 languages and dialects from all over Europe and Asia. Amongst these are five of the six Celtic languages—Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Cornish and Breton, as well as an unknown “Celtic”—and this paper gives a brief overview of the background to the dictionary, and then focuses on the first 10 lexemes in each of the Celtic languages as they are presented in the dictionary itself, pointing out various inaccuracies, but also the historical value therein.

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PRZEKŁAD JAKO PRÓBA „PRZYŚWIADCZENIA”. WOKÓŁ WIERSZA STANISŁAWA BARAŃCZAKA PIĘĆ POCZTÓWEK OD I DO EMILY DICKINSON

Author(s): Łukasz Tischner / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2020

Stanisław Barańczak is well known not only as a poet, but also as an extremely prolific translator who became famous for translating the works of Shakespeare and British and American poets. In the 1980s, just before and immediately after his forced political emigration to the United States, he extensively translated religious poets (e.g. ‘metaphysical poets’, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Emily Dickinson). This was a rather surprising choice, given the fact that Barańczak was an agnostic, distrustful of the world of religion. On the other hand, however, it was at that time that he introduced in his own poetry (“Atlantis”, “A Postcard from this World”) phrases testing the possibility of religious “real assent” (John Henry Newman’s term). It seems that for Barańczak translation of some poets becomes not only an opportunity to broaden the scope of the Polish language and improve his own technique, but also an attempt to “assent” to the religious vision of the world, which is evoked by the lyric of the poets he admired. The poem Five Postcards from and to Emily Dickinson seems to support such an interpretation. My analyses are inspired by scholars of Barańczak’s work, as well as by those who study literature and religion: Paul Ricœur and Charles Taylor.

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DWIE EKONOMIE: PAN TADEUSZ ADAMA MICKIEWICZA I MANSFIELD PARK JANE AUSTEN

Author(s): Michał Kuziak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2020

The article presents the vision of economy as husbandry inscribed in Adam Mickiewicz’s narrative poem Pan Tadeusz. This vision opposes modern liberal economy which shaped capitalism in the first half of the 19th century. The issue is discussed in the context of Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park as well as Mickiewicz’s own economic views, as presented in his journalistic writing and his Paris lectures. Both literary texts depict landed estates at the beginning of the 19th century: in a historically Polish territory and in England. In the latter case, we are dealing with an outline of the perspective of transitioning from traditional economy to the modern bourgeois model (connected with colonial expansion); in the former – with an attempt to transpose traditional economy to the level of myth and with eschewing development towards capitalism.

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Subjectivity in (Re)Translation: The Case of Oscar Wilde’s Tales in Romanian

Author(s): Daniela Hăisan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Based on a corpus of nine tales by Oscar Wilde (making up the two well-known volumes: The Happy Prince and Other Stories, 1888, and A House of Pomegranates, 1891), along with nine Romanian versions of these texts, the present article aims at reflecting on the linguo-semantic expression of emotion (with a focus on subjective adjectives like little, big, poor etc.), as well as making an inventory of the compensation strategies used by translators, taking into account the fact that most Romanian versions are addressed to children, and also that translation criticism, just like translating itself, is a matter of instinct, taste, affinity, finally emotion.

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Profils discursifs de la combinatoire des verbes d’émotion en français et en arabe

Author(s): Safa Zouaidi / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2020

The work is at the syntactic and discursive level: the active form of the verbs affects in French and Arabic: two verbs of emotion (to rage and its equivalent [ʕaɣḍaba] and two verbs of feeling (to admire and its equivalent [ʔaʕʒaba]). These are studied from the perspective of information dynamics within the sentence (Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997). The study is based on the French journalistic corpus EmoBase (Emolex 120M word project) and on the journalistic corpus ArabiCorpus (130M words).

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Translations of Ossian, Thomas Moore and the Gothic by 19th Century European Radical Intellectuals: The Democratic Eastern Federation

Author(s): Kathleen Ann O’Donnell / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

This article will show how translated works by European radical writers of The Poems of Ossian by the Scot James Macpherson and Irish Melodies and other works by the Irishman Thomas Moore, were disseminated. Moore prefaced Irish Melodies with “In Imitation of Ossian”. It will also demonstrate how Celtic literature, written in English, influenced the Gothic genre. The propagation of these works was also disseminated in order to implement democratic federalism, without monarchy; one example is the Democratic Eastern Federation, founded in Athens and Bucharest. To what extent did translations and imitations by Russian and Polish revolutionary intellectuals of Celtic literature and the Gothic influence Balkan revolutionary men of letters?

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Przekład eklogi pierwszej, O szlachetnej miłości i szczęśliwym jej zakończeniu (De honesto amore et felici eius exitu), ze zbioru Adolescentia Baptysty Mantuana

Author(s): Elżbieta Górka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (58)/2021

The article presents a translation of the first eclogue from the 15th-century collection of bucolics Adolescentia by Battista the Mantuan (1447–1516). The eclogue, entitled De honesto amore et felici eius exitu, is supplemented by an introduction and commentary. To this day, two critical editions of the work have been published: by Wilfred Mustard (1911) in English, and by Andrea Severi (2010) in Italian. The introduction presents the author’s biography and gives a brief description of the whole collection, in particular the eclogue under discussion. The Italian poet Battista the Mantuan was a Carmelite and became Blessed of the Catholic Church. A prolific writer, he is best known for his Adolescentia, a collection of bucolics created at a young age, edited and expanded later. Published originally in 1498, Adolescentia quickly gained popularity among readers and were established as school reading. Other issues discussed in the introduction include the sources of Mantuan’s inspiration, the role of the collection in education and in the Reformation, as well as the reception of Adolescentia. It is also pointed out that the first eclogue should be seen in a wider context of Renaissance eclogues exploring the theme of marriage. The interpretation of the eclogue offered in the article draws on its biblical and ancient sources, i.e. the Book of Ruth and Virgil’s eclogues, respectively, as well as the conventions of the genre, especially of elegy, that affected its form.

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English 18th-Century Women Poets and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski: Adaptation, Paraphrase, Translation

Author(s): Krzysztof Fordoński / Language(s): English Issue: 4 (57)/2020

The paper deals with six poems of three 18th-century English women poets—Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Masters, and Anne Steele “Theodosia”—inspired by the works of the greatest Polish Neo-Latin poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. The aim of the study is to present the three authors, their biographies and literary oeuvres, and to attempt an analysis of the poems in question within this context. The biographies, social position—Chudleigh was the wife a baronet, the two others belonged to the middle class—and education of the three authoresses differ and yet they all shared the limitations resulting from the fact that they were women in 18th-century England, and were therefore denied access to academic education. The analysis of the texts and biographies has proven that it is highly improbable that either of the three women poets could translate the poems from Latin originals. All of their translations are based on earlier renditions; in the case of Chudleigh it is possible to identify the source text, that is the translation by John Norris. Inasmuch as it can be ascertained from the available biographical and critical sources and the results, the attitudes of the three poetesses towards their work varied. Only Masters acknowledged the source material in her publications. Although the current concepts of translation are different, her two poems: On a Fountain. Casimir, Lib. Epod. Ode 2 and Casimir, Lib. I. Ode 2—qualify as translations by the standards of her times. They are analysed here in detail. Neither Chudleigh nor Steele mentioned Sarbiewski in their publications. Their decision can be justified by the fact that their poems, even if clearly (though most likely indirectly) inspired by his lyrics, must be classified as free adaptations or even original poetry influenced by Sarbiewski or earlier translations and adaptations of his works.

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