A DALOK KÖNYVE (SI KING) FORDÍTÁSI PROBLÉMÁIRÓL

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Csibra / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1(2)/2004

This essay focuses on the analysis of the “translatability” of the 51st and the 160th poems of The Book of Songs. By a historical survey the author describes the characteristics of philological and cultural approach of classical Chinese texts and points to the main difficulties of their interpretations. These poems had been regarded — by interpretators, mostly synologists — as lyric works, however, because of the cultural and philosophical references, these literary translations generally needed further comments. By analysing the best known translations the author concludes that in understanding and recreating of Chinese poems there has always been a dilemma: saving the unity of the poems and at the same time creating a philologically exact translation or by including necessary comments overstepping the limits of literary translation.

O praktyce opuszczeń w polskiej wersji lektorskiej filmów rosyjskojęzycznych

Author(s): Maria Mocarz-Kleindienst / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXVI/2021

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony został analizie porównawczej klas leksyki, podlegających opuszczeniom w polskich wersjach lektorskich dwóch filmów rosyjskich: filmu katastroficznego Metro A. Miegierdziczewa oraz dramatu Niemiłość A. Zwiagin-cewa. Badania ilościowe i jakościowe dowiodły, że najczęściej redukcji podlegają par-tykuły i wykrzykniki nacechowane emocjonalnie i ekspresywnie, powtórzenia, rzadziej – wulgaryzmy. Zaobserwowano różnice w częstotliwości opuszczeń adresatywów oraz formuł grzecznościowych, także zdań z prymarną funkcją informacyjną. Wysnuto wnio-sek, że różnice te wynikają z cech gatunkowych filmów i podporządkowanej im strategii tłumaczy.

SAMUELIO BOGUSLAVO CHYLINSKIO BIBLIJA 2. NAUJASIS TESTAMENTAS VIEŠPATIES MŪSŲ JĖZAUS KRISTAUS, LIETUVIŲ KALBA DUOTAS SAMUELIO BOGUSLAVO CHYLINSKIO. LIETUVIŠKO VERTIMO RANKRAŠČIO FAKSIMILĖ = BIBLIA LITHUANICA SAMUELI BOGUSLAI CHYLINSKI 2

Author(s): Paweł Brudzyński / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2020

Review of: Paweł Brudzyński - Samuelio Boguslavo Chylinskio Biblija 2. Naujasis Testamentas Viešpaties mūsų Jėzaus Kristaus, lietuvių kalba duotas Samuelio Boguslavo Chylinskio. Lietuviško vertimo rankraščio faksimilė = Biblia Lithuanica Samueli Boguslai Chylinski 2. Novum Testamentum Domini Nostri Jesu Christi Lithvanicâ Linguâ donatum a Samuelo Boguslao Chylinski. Manuscripti Lithuanici imagines digitales ed. Gina Kavaliūnaitė, Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas, 2019, cxc, 429 pp. ISBN 978-609-07-0188-1

Wyspa na wyspie. Cristina Campo czyta opowiadania Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Ślarzyńska,Christina Campo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2020

This is the first Polish translation of Cristina Campo’s 1961 essay La torre e l’isola in which she discusses the Italian edition of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s short story collection Skrzydła ołtarza (Pale di altare) from 1960. Ślarzyńska has added a brief introduction presenting Cristina Campo and her relationship with the Polish writer.

Metaphor Saves

Author(s): Tomasz Paweł Krzeszowski / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2019

What is said about metaphor in the present paper will mainly concern the Christian Bible as directly or indirectly translated from the original languages (mostly Ancient Hebrew and New Testament Greek). However, unless otherwise indicated, all biblical quotations are based on New International Version of the Bible. Metaphor is conceived as a cognitive-conceptual device rather than a merely rhetorical ornament, which is consistent with basic tenets of cognitive linguistics. Among conceptual metaphors the metaphor MENTAL REALITY IS PHYSICAL REALITY stands out as one of the most productive metaphors as it generalizes the cognitive process of creating and understanding abstract concepts in terms of concrete, physical entities. The subject of religious thinking, contemplation and discourse cannot be experienced through senses, because such things are “What no eye has seen, what no ear has heard, and what no human mind has conceived” (1 Corinthians 2:9). Thus, metaphor is a kind of hyper-sense allowing us to perceive what our senses cannot perceive in all domains of our knowledge. According to the New Testament Christ himself explained to his disciples why he used parables (i.e. metaphors) in his teachings (Matthew 13:10-13). Conceptual metaphors appearing in the Bible are like a kind of a road, or a kind of a bridge, or a kind of a ladder—all leading man to God. The corruption of language connected with the original sin and manifested in using language as an instrument of deception and lying rather as an instrument of communication with God, was overcome by Jesus Christ as the Word (Logos) offered by God to annihilate the consequences of the original sin. As Christ saved Man from sin and death, metaphor frees language from its corruption, which is also a consequence of the original sin. Understood as the hyper-sense metaphor allows man to re-establish and maintain contact with God. Metaphor will not be needed when we see things as they really are. We shall also see God as He really is.

A Language Specialist as an Entrepreneur: An Educational Perspective

Author(s): Konrad Klimkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

This article is an attempt to prove the need for entrepreneurial education of the future specialists in translation.1It also tries to explain the role of the particular skills of translation service provision, as presented in EMT (2009). Finally, it aims to inspire students and teachers to train the skills by providing a selection of educational activities.

American Proverbs as an International, National, and Global Phenomenon

Author(s): Wolfgang Mieder / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2005

Proverbs as one of the smallest ubiquitous folklore genres have been collected and studied since the beginning of written records. Both paremiographers and paremiologists have been hard at work at publishing collections and treatises throughout the world. In fact, proverb scholarship has reached such a phenomenal level of accomplishment that it is difficult for the fledgling proverb scholar to deal with the plethora of valuable information (see Moll 1958; Mieder 1982, 1990, 1993, 2001). And yet, as is true for most intellectual endeavors, there still remains much work to be done in both areas of proverb studies. The varied use and function of proverbs as cultural signs and strategically placed rhetorical devices need to be investigated in much more detail by paying attention to different historical periods (Burke 1941; Seitel 1969; Obelkevich 1987; Profantová 1998). Much can also still be learned by socio and psycholinguistic approaches that look at proverbs from the point of view of cognition, comprehension, and communication (Mieder 2003a). Above all, much more attention should be paid to the continued employment of proverbs in the modern age of technology, the mass media, the internet, and general globalization (Mieder 1993). But additional proverb collections based on serious lexicographical principles are also a definite desideratum, including regional, national, and international compilations. While much is known about common European proverbs, it is high time to assemble comprehensive and comparative African as well as Near and Far Eastern proverb collections. Such compendia will eventually enable paremiographers to isolate fundamental proverb types that connect peoples through common wisdom all over the world (Mieder 1990; Grigas 1996, 2000a).

Odcienie barwy niebieskiej i zielonej w "Panu Tadeuszu" na przykładzie tłumaczeń na język włoski z 1924 roku (Clotilde Garosci) i z 2018 roku (Silvano De Fanti)

Author(s): Sylwia Skuza / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIII/2021

The article aims at analyzing diachronically and synchronously two of the Italian translations of Adam Mickiewicz's epic poem "Pan Tadeusz". The first rendition, dated on the beginning of the 20th century, when the standardized Italian had only began to form, was done by Clotilde Garosci. The second translation was done by Silvano De Fanti in the 21st century. By analyzing the renditions of blue, green and their hues in both translations, the article allows one to follow the words' transformation in the semantic field across the century.

The Law as Presented in the Polish Renditions of William Shakespeare’s "The Winter’s Tale"

Author(s): Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup / Language(s): English Issue: XXIII/2021

This paper addresses the topic of the law and legal vocabulary in William Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale and its Polish translations. Focus has been directed towards the trial scene of Hermione, one of the major characters of this play. By comparing the Polish renditions of the scene against the English original, the article attempts to present how Polish translators have reflected on the law as presented by Shakespeare and whether they have managed to recreate the law-embedded images and reconstruct the legal language of the source text in the target culture.

Kulturgebundener Sprachgebrauch und Lexikografi e. Zur Relevanz einer stärkeren Kulturbezogenheitin zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern für Übersetzer

Author(s): Dennis Scheller-Boltz / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2012

Bilingual dictionaries are used for various reasons. One of the reasons is to find out what the particular word means using its equivalent in the target language. What is of great importance here, is that sometimes the meaning itself – expressed lexicographically – provides not enough information that is necessary to fully understand the particular word. Although it appears that the isolated meaning of the word is clear and understandable, its constitutional and contextual meaning in specific linguistic environment becomes unclear, confusing or misunderstood. This can be observed especially when the word and its meaning are unique and characteristic for the particular culture. This article focuses on the use of the language which is specific for the given cultural group. The phenomena of both the bond existing between culture and language as well as the use of the language within the culture are expounded upon and explored on the example of the words welcome and goodnight. The article investigates whether and to what extend bilingual dictionaries include in their microstructure the information concerning the cultural aspects of the use of the linguistic entity. The short characteristic of bilingual dictionaries and the assessment of the culture-specific phenomena serve as the theoretical background for the subject under investigation.

KULTŪROS REALIJŲ VERTIMAS Į LIETUVIŲ KALBĄ: GABRIELIO GARCÍA’OS MÁRQUEZO ROMANAS „ŠIMTAS METŲ VIENATVĖS“

Author(s): Gabija Leonavičiūtė,Dovilė Kuzminskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 18/2021

Growing interest in Spanish-speaking countries in Lithuania leads to the increased number of translations of Spanish and Latin American literature. Therefore, it is important to analyse translations from Spanish into Lithuanian and vice versa to improve the quality of translation work. One of the most difficult elements to translate are culture-specific items that reveal cultural uniqueness. The novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude” by Gabriel García Márquez contains many culture-specific items related to Colombia, that could be difficult to translate. This article aims to analyse and compare translation strategies of culture-specific items from Spanish into Lithuanian, which were used in 1972 by Elena Treinienė and in 2017 by Valdas V. Petrauskas, to translate the novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude”. Firstly, this article defines the concepts of cultural elements and culture-specific items. It also discusses the classification of culture-specific items based on the works of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmark, Sergej Vlahov, Sider Florin and Laura Santamaria Guinot. Furthermore, this article describes translation strategies of culture-specific items emphasized by Amparo Hurtado Albir, Eirlys Davies, Georges L. Bastin and Pekka Kujamäki. In this research, culture-specific items are counted and described using Santamaria Guinot’s classification, which allows to claim that there are 69 different culture-specific items in “One Hundred Years of Solitude” and they are reflected by 252 examples in the text. These culture-specific items are related with concepts of ecology, social structures, cultural institutions, social universe and material culture. The most common ones are culture-specific items from the category of ‘material culture’. The results of the research allow distinguishing six translation strategies, used in different frequency: transcription, equivalence of situations, actualisation, usage of exoticism, extension and explication, and omission. Both Lithuanian translators Treinienė and Petrauskas mainly used strategies of transcription and equivalence of situations. The analysis of the translation of culture-specific items was performed using the methods of quantitative, comparative, and descriptive translation analysis.

TRANSLATION METHODS APPLIED TO APPROACH THE INCONGRUITY OF TERMS IN POLISH AND BRITISH CRIMINAL LAW

Author(s): Anna Kizińska / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2021

The research analyses incongruent Polish and British criminal law terms. British terms are the names of legal institutions characteristic of three independent legal systems: of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. The Polish terms that have been discussed come from the Polish Criminal Code Act of 6 June 1997 (Journal of Laws 1997 No. 88 item 553). Moreover, they are legal terms pursuant to their interpretation by Morawski (1980, p. 187). The English equivalents under analysis have appeared in four Polish Criminal Code translations into English. The research aims at a verification of whether or not the classification of translation methods applied in the Polish-English translation of incongruent succession and family law terms (called civil law terms) (Kizińska, 2015, p. 175–178) encompasses translation methods used in the process of translation of incongruent law terms characteristic of criminal law into English. In the paper the translation method is interpreted according to the definition by Hejwowski (2004, p. 76). In the theoretical part of the paper the following linguistic phenomena have been presented: a term (by Zmarzer & Lukszyn, 2001, p. 9) and incongruity of terms (by Šarčević, 1989, p. 278). In the initial stage of the analysis the definitions of a given Polish term and its suggested equivalents have been compared. Next, the appearance of a given equivalent in the sources of British law texts as well as the English language has been checked to determine the translation methods used while forming a given equivalent. Finally, the list of translation methods applied has been drafted, to conclude, among other things, that the translation methods presented in the above-mentioned typology of translation methods applied in the translation of incongruent civil law terms from Polish into English are to be determined as exclusively primary or secondary.

Contributions to the biography of a forgotten translator of Herodotus’ The Histories: Dimitrie I. Ghica

Author(s): Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

On September 30th, 1914, in Bucharest, around noon, a funeral procession took a silent itinerary from the street called Spătarului, number 13, towards the Șerban-Vodă cemetery. His mother, his wife and children, his close relatives, and his friends paid one last homage to Dimitrie I. Ghica. The central press included mentions of the one who had been an “ephoros of civilian hospitals; a former plenipotentiary minister; a former deputy and senator”. He passed away on September 28th, 1914, following a brief illness.

К особенностям перевода «Закона Божия» (1912 г.) на удмуртский язык: глагольная морфология

Author(s): Maria P. Bezenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (38)/2020

This article examines the verbal morphologic characteristics of the translation of “God’s Law” into the Udmurt language. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that written monuments are one of the main sources for studying the history of the language, but most of Udmurt written monuments have not yet been examined. The description of morphological characteristics in the article is based on a previous analysis of the graphic and phonetic systems of the translation of “God’s Law” into Udmurt. The main research method is comparing the linguistic material of the monument with the data of the modern literary Udmurt language and its dialects. The paper discusses in detail the categories of mood, tense and voice, which are characteristic of the modern Udmurt language, as well as non-conjugated forms of the verb, which include the infinitive, participle, and gerund. As a result of the analysis, in the monument it was discovered that a number of features characterized by the use of markers with the ы vowel in accordance with the и in the literary language and the South Udmurt dialects in the forms of the reflexive voice, the present tense of the 1st and 2nd persons, the past non-evidential tense of the 3rd person plural, present participles, formed from the verbs of the 1st conjugation. All the ы vowel variants turned out to be archaic in origin, and the и vowel variations are explained by the change of the original ы into и before the palatal consonant. In the translation of “God’s Law” only one marker was identified as innovative, this is an indicator of the gerund -чёзь (-тчозя-). Thus, the analysis showed that the verbal morphological system of the monument is archaic.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕДАЧИ НАИМЕНОВАНИЙ РЕАЛИЙ НА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ РУССКИХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ)

Author(s): Tatyana S. Davidova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The article addresses the problem of translating Russian culture-specific realia found in the works of Russian writers of the XIX and the XX centuries into the English language. Four large classes of realia are analyzed: onomastic, ethnographic, socio-political, and geographical ones. Special attention is paid to the first two classes – onomastic and ethnographic realia – as the largest and most frequently used ones. Typical techniques of translating each class of nation-specific vocabulary are investigated. Thus, the most frequent way of translating onomastic realia (anthroponyms, toponyms, ergonyms) is transcription or transliteration, and less often – loan translation and mastering (familiarization), while functional analogue and less frequently used description and transcription are generally utilized for translating ethnographic realities. The first-choice techniques for translating socio-political realia are transcription, description and (less often) functional analogue, while geographical realities are typically translated through description or generalization. The article also touches upon such translation issues as “speaking” names (charactonyms), expressive and evaluative vocabulary, relevancy of certain cases of context substitution and some variants of description of the names of Russian national dishes, garments, games, etc., when the words often lose their national flavor. It is also suggested to provide historical and cultural comments for certain socio-political vocabulary. In conclusion it is emphasized that various factors should be taken into account in order to create a proper variant of translation that would evoke the right emotional and esthetic feelings and preserve the national identity of the text.

Перевод как диалог традиций и культур («Анакреонтическая песенка» Н. С. Гумилева)

Author(s): Alena A. Ustinovskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Anacreontic Song by Théophile Gautier, translated by N. S. Gumilev, which is examined against the background of the Russian and global Anacreontic tradition. Imitation of Anacreon is rooted in antiquity: his figure became a symbol of light lyric poetry that glorified sensual pleasures. Anacreon’s own legacy is not as extensive as pseudo-Anacreontic poetry: this tradition is present in English, French, German, Italian and Russian literature. In the process of translating Odelette anacréontique by Théophile Gautier, Gumilev enters into intercultural and inter-traditional communication: his translation is a dialogue with both the French poet and the Anacreontic and pseudo-Anacreontic genre tradition. Despite the statements N. S. Gumilev proposed in his theoretical works on translation issues, which stated that it is necessary to rely on the original text during translation, and that deviations and loose retellings are unacceptable, in some cases he still departs from the original text, deliberately building the subtext of the poem that is absent in the original. Gumilev’s translation makes Gautier’s poem “more Anacreontic” than the original: Gumilev intensifies the motifs of love, pleasure, sensual pleasure that are significant for pseudo-Anacreontics, introduces the image of wine as a symbol of love that was absent in the original. Gumilev’s translation solutions considered in the article represent a kind of editing of Gautier’s text that approximated it to the complex of motifs traditionally associated with the work of Anacreon.

Смиренога Романа химна о Адаму и Еви

Author(s): / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Serbian Issue: 2/2019

DOSLJEDNOST U JASNOSTI (NEKE POSEBNOSTI IDIOLEKTA AHMEDA SMAJLOVIĆA)

Author(s): Remzija Hadžiefendić-Parić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2009

Profesor dr. Ahmed Smajlović je na arapski prevo Selimovićev „Derviš i smrt“ i usmenu bošnjačku baladu „Hasanaginica“, doktorirao je o temi filozofije orijentalizma i njenom utjecaju na suvremenu arapsku književnost (Felsefetul istišrak ve eseruha fil edebil 'arebil mu'asiri), bio vrstan orator. Sve to dalo je jak poticaj da se zanteresiram za jezik ovog naučnika, prevodioca I govornika. U radu je riječ o nekim svojstvima Smajlovićevog izraza, posmatranog kao posebnost njegovog individualnog stila. Jasnoća, i s njom u vezi jednostavnost, bitne su odlike tog stila. U ovom radu ilustrirani su primjerima ekscerpiranim iz dostupnog mi korpusa, koji čine tekstovi različitog funkcionalnog stila i žanrova.

Књига о Јестири – Књига о Естери – лингвистичке особености и текстуални критицизам масоретског текста, са преводом на српски језик –

Author(s): Nebojša Tumara / Language(s): Serbian,Hebrew Issue: 1/2014

Својом текстуалном и лингвистичком комплексношћу Књига о Јестири представља идеалан модел на основу којег ћемо покушати да изградимо својеврсну методологију превода библијских књига. Током превода, у погледу језика, настојали смо да посебну пажњу посветимо дијахроном развоју библијског јеврејског језика, док смо у погледу текста настојали да применимо најсавременија достигнућа науке која се бави текстуалним критицизмом библијског текста. Користимо минималистички приступ у погледу реконструкције места текста, за која (тренутно) не постоје текстуални сведоци који реконструкцију оправдавају.

Аспектуалните характеристики на залога в древните индоевропейски езици. (Произход и типологични особености). (Част III)

Author(s): Nikola Krastev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The Proto-Indo-European reconstructions give us the opportunity to observe mostly the formal and lexical side of the ancestor language, revealing only the main functional-semantic features of its system. In the past more than 120 years since the first edition of Brugmann’s and Delbrück’s “Grundriß der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen”, a major work in the field of historical linguistics, researchers reach a consensus on various morphosyntactic issues by way of comparisons and typological contrasts. Thе present study attempts to fit in this context, examining the systemic links between lexical aspect, the Perfect and the emergence of voice. For this purpose, the aspect and voice features of all ancient IE languages are examined and their development is traced with a view to of the registered changes in the perfect subsystem. The conclusions of the diachronic analysis are related to the possible change in the linguistic type of the IE diathesis (from ergative to nominative) and lead to the formulation of some structural relationships in the IE diathesis. Finally, a diathesis and voice typology in IE languages is proposed on the basis of semantic features such as resultative and stative.