CSD-Report 32 - Radicalisation in Bulgaria: Threats and Trends

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Mila Mancheva,Maria Doichinova,Lyubomira Derelieva,Tihomir Bezlov,Maria Karayotova,Yavor Tomov,Dimitar Markov,Miryana Ilcheva / Language(s): English

The phenomena of radicalisation today develop and change at high speed, with their extreme forms manifested globally. The destructive dimensions of (violent) Islamist or right-wing radicalisation have become dramatically visible in Europe posing serious challenges to European societies at large. This report aims to address a knowledge gap with regard to how and to what extent internationally observed radicalisation processes are manifested in Bulgaria. Four different forms of radicalisation are investigated, including Islamist radicalisation, right-wing and left-wing radicalisation, as well as football hooliganism. The report provides policy makers and the expert community with a systematic overview of the main risks to which the Bulgarian society is exposed, as well as of the main actors and ideas, the repertoire of actions and the groups at risk associated with radicalisation. The report outlines recommendations for improvement of the policy and institutional response with regard to radicalisation by way of monitoring and prevention measures as well as multi agency collaboration and community engagement.

Becoming Real Men in Socialist Yugoslavia: Photographic Representations of the Yugoslav People’s Army Soldiers and their Memories of the Army Service

Author(s): Tanja Petrović / Language(s): English

Most of the male citizens of the former Yugoslavia who belong to the middle and older generations share the experience of having served in the Yugoslav People’s Army [Jugoslovenska narodna armija, henceforth the JNA]. The army service was mandatory for all men after they turned eighteen and/or graduated from high school (Milićević 2006: 266). Material signs of this shared experience are photographs made during the army service, which still may be found in family albums, boxes, and drawers in virtually every home in the former Yugoslav lands. The present analysis is based on narratives and photographs collected among the number of former Yugoslav men of all nationalities who served in the JNA

Bulgarian School Hygiene at the Beginning of the 20th Century: Cultural Images, Professional Roles and Practices

Author(s): Gergana Mircheva / Language(s): English

This text examines the institutionalisation of norms for proper physical and mental status of Bulgarian school youth at the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis focuses on two interrelated issues: how certain cultural images of (un)fit body and (ab)normal mind reasoned the introduction of professional (medico-pedagogical) roles in the Bulgarian secondary schools, and how such images prescribed “health selection” in the production of individual and collective identities: “student” – “(school) youth” – “people”/“nation”/ race”).

PRAVA I SLOBODE TRANSRODNIH OSOBA: PRAVO NA SAMOODREĐENJE RODNOG IDENTITETA

Author(s): Damir Banović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Kada se govori o pravima transrodnih i transeksualnih48 osoba, ona se često poistovjećuju sa pravima LGB osoba. Odnosno, poistovjećuje se koncept ‘seksualne orijentacije’ sa konceptom ‘rodnog identiteta’. Ti pojmovi u pravnoj teoriji, pozitivnom pravu i u pravnoj praksi trebaju biti odvojeni jer se radi o različitim konceptima koji mogu ali ne moraju nužno biti povezani. Rodni identitet predstavlja jedan od fundamentalnih aspekata ljudskog života. Biološki spol se po pravilu dodjeljuje prilikom rođenja te postaje društvena i pravna činjenica. Relativno mali broj osoba doživljava neusklađenost sa svojom unutrašnjom percepcijom roda ili/i spola i onoga koji im je dodijeljen prilikom rođenja. Ljudska prava transrodnih i transeksualnih osoba su dugo vremena bila ignorisana i zanemarena, iako su problemi s kojima se transrodne i transeksualne osobe suočavaju veoma ozbiljni i često veoma specifični za ovu populaciju. Transrodne osobe upravo zbog neusklađenosti svog rodnog identiteta i spola pripisanog pri rođenju doživljavaju visok stepen diskriminacije, netolerancije i otvorenog nasilja. Iako je broj transrodnih i transeksualnih osoba relativno mali, radi se o veoma diverznoj grupi.

ŽENE IZMEĐU PRIVATNOG I JAVNOG

Author(s): Marija Mijatović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U tekstu „Feminističke kritike dihotomije javno/privatno“, Kerol Pejtmen (Carole Pateman) tvrdi da je razlikovanje i razdvajanje javne i privatne sfere središnja tema feminističkog pokreta. Možemo se složiti da, ako uopšte postoji jedna osnovna tema i problem za sve ono što čini feminizam, Pejtmen jeste u pravu: subordinacija žena u najtešnjoj je vezi s konstrukcijom podele na privatnu i javnu sferu, starom skoro koliko i antički polis. Preuzimamo ovaj njen stav kao polaznu tačku za raspravu o problemu odnosa javnog i privatnog u feminističkoj teoriji kako bismo pokušali da pokažemo u čemu je važnost i koje su posledice pomenute dihotomije. Iako problem odnosa javno/privatno, kako je koncipiran i artikulisan u mainstream političkoj filozofiji od Platona i Aristotela do savremenog doba, svakako prevazilazi okvire feminizma, ovaj tekst je primarno fokusiran na feminističke interpretacije problema i moguće strategije dekonstruisanja i rekonstruisanja pomenute dihotomije.

Подкрепа на уязвимите групи пред държавата: ролята на гражданските организации

Author(s): Maria Doichinova,Yva Alexandrova,Miriana Ilcheva,Svetla Encheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The study analyses the mechanisms for interaction between public institutions and NGOs in supporting four vulnerable groups: persons deprived of their liberty, victims of trafficking in human beings, domestic violence survivors, and persons seeking international protection and other vulnerable foreigner nationals. Furthermore, it identifies trends in the cooperation between institutions and NGOs in assisting these communities. The report sums up the profile of the bodies and organisations involved and identifies problems in their interaction. Instruments for cooperation between public institutions and NGOs in relation to each vulnerable group are reviewed in detail, both on legislative and practical level. Correlations between identified problems and aspects of the interaction between public institutions and NGOs that could help resolve these problems are highlighted. In conclusion, recommendations are made to involve civil society in providing comprehensive support, in particular legal, social and administrative assistance, to vulnerable persons. These recommendations rest on the shared experience and opinions by public authorities and civil society, as well as on applicable foreign models and good practices.

Muži, ženy a neplacená práce v domácnosti v číslech

Author(s): Marta Vohlídalová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Chůvou od narození? Reprezentace filipínských hospodyň prostřednictvím agentur práce a médií v Česku

Author(s): Pavla Redlová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Sexuální výchova jako součást reprodukčních práv žen a mužů

Author(s): Lucie Jarkovská / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Selected Essays by Young Authors (Vol. 2)

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This is the second collection of selected essays by the authors who attended the courses and seminars the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia organized in 2005. Within the tree-year project “Building up Democracy and Good Governance in Multiethnic Communities” that is being implemented with the assistance of the European Union, twenty-four 5-day “Schools of democracy” and sixteen 3-day seminars under the common title “Life and Living in Multiethnic Environments” were held in 2004 and 2005 in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac and Novi Pazar. Over 1000 trainees attended these courses and seminars. The project is aimed at capacitating young people - by the means of attractive courses of training - not only for a life in multiethnic communities that are particularly burdened with the adverse experience of the recent past, mutual distrust and stereotypes, but also for a life in the conditions that mark a modern democracy and reflect its standards. An objective as such implies, among other things, rational perception of notions, developments and trends that are in Serbia still blurred, marginalized and subject to relativism or, moreover, to various and even misguiding interpretations. The Helsinki Committee’s experience testifies this is all about a process that takes time but is worthy of effort - the more so since young people, as evidenced by the selected writings as well, fully perceive it as an imperative need of their own.

Human Rights in the Shadow of Nationalism Serbia 2002

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The year 2002 is regarded by many as a year lost because nearly all of the political capital gained on 5 October 2000 was squandered: the coalition which had brought about the downfall of Slobodan Milošević bogged down in futile infighting and was becoming its own chief obstacle. Having been established for the specific purpose of ousting Milošević, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) nevertheless went on to shoulder the formidable task of transition, a burden its heterogeneous political makeup proved ill-equipped to bear. For all the enthusiasm which characterized the political situation in 2001, it became clear that the prevailing concept of democracy as a multi-party system devoid of proper institutions and the rule of law alone could not change the general political atmosphere in the country weighed down by the Milošević legacy, institutions mired in old attitudes and methods, and resistance to reform. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – now Serbia and Montenegro – was not admitted to the Council of Europe, nor did the DOS leaders’ promises of an association agreement with the EU materialize. Consequently, there was no appreciable headway in the domain of human rights.

Istorija borbe za prava žena i rodnu ravnopravnost

Author(s): Milena Karapetrović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Rodno zasnovano nasilje, seksualno uznemiravanje i podzastupljenost žena u političkom i javnom životu – teme su o kojima se danas najčešće raspravlja kada se govori o položaju žena u savremenom društvu. Izvještaje o tome dobijamo zahvaljujući uticajnosti organizacija iz sfere civilnog društva i usljed institucionalnog djelovanja na međunarodnom nivou te kroz usvajanja novih zakona i promjene postojećih zakona na nacionalnim nivoima. Imajući to u vidu, može se reći da savremene države prepoznaju negativne posljedice koje nastaju iz zanemarivanja opresije i nejednakog statusa na osnovu roda, te kroz svoje politike jednim dijelom nastoje i da riješe te probleme. Uspostavljanje formalnih okvira i razvijanje brojnih procedura za poboljšanje položaja svih građana i građanki u društvu važan je korak, ali još uvijek nedovoljan ako nema razvijene građanske svijesti o tome šta uistinu znači biti potlačen/a. To pokazuje u kojoj mjeri neravnopravnost i dalje bitno utiče na živote žena i muškaraca, iako možemo govoriti o skoro 150 godina borbe za rodnu ravnopravnost.

Před svatbou ne: Partnerské vztahy a otázky kolem předmanželského sexu u mladých v věřicích žen

Author(s): Marie Galatíková,Lenka Lacinová,Stanislav Ježek / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V předchozích kapitolách jsme přiblížili podobu života současných mladých dospělých a popsali řadu faktorů, které ji ovlivňují a které lze svým způsobem pokládat za „nové”. I dnes však na mladé lidi mají vliv letité instituce, pro něž jsou tradice a dodržování pravidel z nich vyplývajících zcela zásadní. Jednou z nich je římskokatolická církev, která lpí na tradicích a vyzdvihuje například ideál rodiny. Uzavření manželství patří dokonce mezi jednu ze sedmi takzvaných svátostí, a proto církev trvá na dodržování takzvané „předmanželské čistoty”, tedy zákazu sexu před svatbou, což většinová společnost považuje za překonanou tradici. Jak jsme uvedli již dříve, doba uzavírání sňatků se v současné době posunula téměř o celou dekádu. Mladí lidé déle studují a zakládání rodiny je krom jiného spojeno také s řadou ekonomických nároků. Mladé věřící ženy se tak ocitají ve zcela jiné životní situaci než jejich matky a babičky. Jak se s těmito protichůdnými vlivy vyrovnávají? Na zodpovězení této otázky a seznámení se zkušenostmi některých mladých věřících žen se zaměřila kvalitativní studie, jejíž výsledky přináší tato kapitola.

Normativni I institucionalni okvir rodne ravnopravnosti

Author(s): Amila Ždralović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Formalno-pravne aspekte rodne ravnopravnosti u BiH nužno je posmatrati kroz dva nivoa - međunarodni i nacionalni, koji imaju svoje refleksije i na ostale nivoe uključujući i najniži nivo - lokalnu zajednicu. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja, a s obzirom na važne refleksije na lokalne zajednice, u međunarodnim pravnim dokumentima posebno se izdvajaju CEDAW konvencija (Konvencija o ukidanju svih oblika diskriminacije žena, 1979.), Pekinška deklaracija i Platforma za akciju (1995.), Rezolucija 1325 (“Žene, mir i sigurnost”, 2000.) i Konvencija Vijeća Europe o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja uporodici (2011., tzv. Istanbulska konvencija). U odnosu na domaće zakonodavstvo nužno je istaći značaj Zakona o ravnopravnosti spolovau BiH i Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije u BiH.

Socijalna perspektiva ekofeminizma

Author(s): Ivanka Buzov / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Thanks to the feminist movement, women’s civic activism within the environmental movement, and the development of the theoretical discourse of feminism, polyphony developed in relation to contemporary environmental problems, known as ecofeminism or environmental feminism. The ecofeminist ethics is promoted here, based on partnership in its nature, liberated from the dualism of Western intellectual thought and gender bias on woman and nature. The social ecofeminism puts the thesis on the connection between woman and nature in the context of socially constructed patriarchal society, oppression and domination over woman, reinforcing the feminist critique of the patriarchal society, social dominations and hierarchies. It also accepts the basic principle of social ecology according to which domination naturally comes out of man’s domination over man, thus being the primary goal in society. Social ecofeminism connects the domination of woman and nature with race and class domination, and supports a radical opposition to the existing social institutions founded in this domination system. The problem of human inequality and affirmation of social justice is now being regenerated through social drifts of ecofeminism that connects the vision of gender, class, race and liberation of all those who do not fit the common social normality norms with affirmation of degraded and inferior space of in human nature.

Što nas je Engels naučio? Prilog marksističko–feminističkoj kritici braka i obitelji

Author(s): Petra Kurtović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Reflecting on the contemporary society from a Marxist-feminist angle with a focus on the question of women’s oppression, one of the key questions that must be tackled is the structure/nature of the family and marriage. Because of the very significant, if not pivotal, role of the family in capitalism, contemporary conservative currents insist on family more than anything as a nuclear unit of society, where monogamy (of course, only for women) and heteronormativity play major roles. In addition, traditional marriage is the only desirable form of marriage. The position of women in society can be seen from their position in the family, that is, the position of married women. To illustrate this, in this paper we will try, mostly by using Engels’ findings, to explain when and why monogamy and marriage occur and how the family developed. After that we will try to show, based on the work by some socialists and anarchists, and further on Engels, the social basis of the subordination of women in marriage and the family. Finally, through authors like Barret, point out that family is not essentially and naturally given, it is not always the same, on the contrary – it depends on specific social relations. From such historicalmaterialist point of view, marriage and family are revealed as social rather than natural units and as bourgeois ideals.

Work, Care, and Gender: The science of (un)happiness

Author(s): Piotr Michoń / Language(s): English

“This book is not addressed to the learned, or to those who regard a practical problem merely as something to be talked about,” with this sentence English philosopher Bertrand Russell began The Conquest of Happiness and it has become an inspiration for me and a starting point for my analysis. Staying true to Russell's ideas, I have written a book which—I believe—can be addressed to all (scholars as well) who are interested in happiness and how it can be achieved. I have placed my considerations on happiness in the areas we all know: family, marriage, children and gender. When writing the book I surfed through Internet forums and analysed the results of scientific studies in order to scrutinise Russell's seven causes of unhappiness: competition (when investing in children), boredom (of doing housework), fatigue (of double shift), envy and comparisons of mothers, males’ sense of sin, persecution mania and new fathers’ fears of public opinion. Let's be honest: my findings are not always nice. Not infrequently, the results of scientists' work contradict what we believe. Read it only if you are ready to face new and unexpected.

Ridley Scott’ın Bıçak Sırtı Filminde İnsan Arayışı

Author(s): Mahinur Gözde Kasurka / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Ridley Scott’ın yönettiği Bıçak Sırtı (Blade Runner 1982) bilimkurgu türünde önemli eserler vermiş olan Philip K. Dick’in Androidler Elektrikli Koyun Düşler mi? (Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? 1968) romanından uyarlanmıştır. Film, 2019 Londra’sında distopik bir evrende geçer. Filmin yalnızca son sahnesi haricinde hiç güneş ışığı görünmez. Bu sebeple tüm film karanlık bir evrende geçen olaylar bütünü olarak değerlendirilebilir. Sürekli yağan yağmur, neon ışıklar, kitleler halinde gezen insanlar da bu karanlığa eklenince filmde sunulan distopik dünya tasviri güçlenmektedir. Filmin başlangıcında Tyrell şirketinin Nexus 6 kopyaları-nın üretimiyle birlikte robot devrimini gerçekleştirdiği bilgisi verilir. Bu kopyalar “kendilerini yaratan genetik mühendislerinden güç ve çeviklik anlamında üstün ve en az onlar kadar zeki’’ olarak üretilmiştir (Blade Runner 02:10-02:50). Üretilen bu kopyaların dünya dışı gezegenlerin kolonileştirilmesi için köle olarak kullanılması filmdeki insan-kopya ilişkisini çözümlemek adına önemlidir. Bu duruma isyan eden Nexus 6 kopyaları illegal bir şekilde dünyaya giriş yaptıkları için polis memuru Rick Deckard bu kopyaların peşine düşer. Deckard’ın görevi, zamanı geldiğinde bu kopyaları “emekliye ayırmak’’ (retire) yani öldürmektir (Blade Runner 02:48- 02:50). Filmin terminolojisinde kopyaları öldürmenin emekliye ayırmak ile eş tutulması kopyaların varoluş amacının insan merkezli kapitalist sistemin ön gördüğü düzende çalışmak olduğunu ima eder. Böyle bir sistemde kopya olarak var olmak ancak insan faydasına çalışmakla özdeş olabilir. Aksi takdirde, insanların perspektifinden kopyaların var olmasına gerek yoktur.

DOPRINOS AKADEMIKA IVANA CVITKOVIĆA RAZVOJU SOCIOLOGIJE RELIGIJE (POVODOM 75. GODIŠNJICE ŽIVOTA)

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,English,Croatian,Slovenian,Serbian,Montenegrine

1. Sociolozi o Cvitkovićevom doprinosu sociologiji religije 2. Kritičari o knjigama Ivana Cvitkovića 3. Bibliografija radova

NORME PISANIH RELIGIJSKIH AUTORITETA

Author(s): Dragan Šimović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Review of: Ivan Cvitković "Društvena misao u svetim spisima".