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A „jó anya” mítosza Magyarországon a reproduktív munka és a piac globális történetének szempontjából

Author(s): Gergely Csányi,Szabina Kerényi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 24/2018

Based on Foucault’s theory of the soul, as well as the methodological insights of Fernand Braudel and world-systems analysis, in our paper we demonstrate how the myths of the good and the bad mother were created by certain actors during the various cycles of the capitalist world system, and how these myths have been embedded into the logic of capitalistic accumulation. We show how these myths, on the one hand, contributed to securing the unpaid reproductive labour necessitated by accumulation, and on the other hand, supported a new market segment from the 19th century onwards. First we present an outline of the history of the myth of the good mother at the core of the world system, then we summarise the socialist myth of the good mother. Finally, we use empirical examples to illustrate the contemporary Hungarian myth of the good mother.

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A Piece of Fedora Cake: The Male-Centric Imagination of Jerzy Andrzejewski and the Scholarly Reconnaissance

Author(s): Wojciech Śmieja / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

In this article Śmieja suggests that Jerzy Andrzejewski’s male-centred imagination is rooted in the writer’s homoerotic desire. By imagining relationships between men that take place outside of the Oedipal model, Andrzejewski’s works threaten both the social order and the coherence of the subject himself. In order to stabilize his male-centred vision on a textual level, Śmieja argues, Andrzejewski draws on the model developed by Witold Gombrowicz, while on a biographical level it is Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński who fulfils this stabilizing function.

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A szerfogyasztás rizikótényezői középiskolások körében

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Elekes / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2019

The paper presents the long-run changes in tobacco, alcohol and other drug use of secondary school children based on the ESPAD surveys (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs) between 1995–2015 in international comparison. The second part of the paper discusses the effects of different socio-demographic factors (gender, school type settlement of school, parent’s education level and family structure). Finally, we examine the effects of other risk and protective factors (leisure time activities, family and peer-group integration) on substance use of the young.

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A War of Shames

Author(s): Przemysław Czapliński / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

This article presents the changing role of shame in Polish literature from the late 1980s until today. Its development is marked by three phases: 1) in the first decade literature exposes violence towards minorities – the founding shame of a pluralistic society; 2) in the following decade literature and drama deconstruct the role of shame as neoliberalism takes hold; 3) in the third decade literature shows collective subjects shaped through independent definitions of shame and pride.

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ABORTUS

Author(s): Delila Hasanbegović,Tanja Grabovac / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Pojam abortusa ili pobačaja (lat. abruptio graviditatis) definira se kao spontani ili izazvani prekid trudnoće izbacivanjem ploda prije navršenog 28. tjedna trudnoće. Tema izazvanog abortusa je tema koja se kroz povijest doživljavala kao sasvim uobičajena stavka svakodnevnog života ili pak najgora kontroverza koja direktno pogađa ljudski život. Kao takav, abortus može biti legalan ili ilegalan te se proučava kroz razne aspekte (povijesni, sociološki, kulturološki, pravni, psihološki, moralno-etički, itd.). Iako se povijest abortusa prati još od antičkog doba može se reći kako je pitanje abortusa rodno određeno, te više pogađa žene. Riječ je o djevojkama i ženama koje uglavnom same stoje pod upitnikom abortusa.

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Access to Justice: Provision of Information, Advice and Free Legal Aid in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Elma Demir / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2013

(English edition) Although Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has made significant progress since the conflict in the mid 1990s, it still faces significant development challenges, such as high unemployment, underdeveloped rural areas, and an under-resourced and inefficient social welfare system. The economy is at 70% of its pre-war level of development, and 20% of the population lives below the poverty line, which is very high, given that an additional 30% of the population lives slightly above the poverty line. Taking these facts into account, the establishment of an efficient free legal aid system is pall the more important given the social status of BiH citizens and poverty rates in the country. In addition, many citizens remain uninformed about their rights and a large number of unresolved legal disputes instigated by citizens is hindering the efficient functioning of the courts in BiH. Finally, the large majority of citizens of BiH throughout find that the country should have an equally guaranteed right to the minimum free legal aid (90%). Despite these conditions, the current free legal aid system in BiH is unable to provide minimum legal assistance services to all citizens in BiH on an equal basis. As such, it does not fulfill the international and European standards in this regard. The NGO Vaša prava, the largest free legal aid provider in the country, states that the current free legal aid framework “is characterized by the absence of policy planning, many deviations from the Justice Sector Reform Strategy in BiH, as well as fragmentation and different approach in dealing with issues of legal aid. Also, the role of NGOs in the system of free legal aid has been continually minimized, which led to the absolute exclusion of NGOs from the public consultation process.”Public institutions have not been proactive in organising the provision of free legal aid in a systematic matter. Several legal aid services have recently been established in Republika Srpska, Brcko District and several other cantons, but these remain unavailable in many other cantons and in most rural areas. These and other similar issues have been identified as reasons for the adoption of a national legislative framework which would provide basic free legal aid and legal mechanisms for the reform of existing laws that may be a source of discrimination against citizens on the basis of the place where they may live. This report intends to add to the on-going policy debate by providing an analysis of the legal framework and current practice relating to the provision of information and assistance services to citizens and aims to identify several viable policy recommendations. In order to address these issues and policy options, a survey on the provision of information, advice and legal aid services in Bosnia and Herzegovina was organised throughout the period from March to May 2013. The purpose of the survey was to map existing citizens information and assistance services, to identify gaps in services and to develop policy recommendations. The survey was sent to an extensive number of public institutions – including municipalities and providers of free legal aid, as well as non-governmental organizations and trade unions were contacted in order. In total, 65 organizations participated in the survey, out of which 24 were public institutions (free legal aid institutions and municipalities) and 41 are non-governmental organizations.

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Activitatea cultural-artistică de masă a minorităţii germane în timpul comunismului

Author(s): Gudrun-Liane Ittu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 22/2008

The paper is aiming at identifying the main aspects concerning the evolution of the so called mass culture from the late forties to 1989 practiced by the German minority. The communist regime insisted very much on the rising of the cultural level of the population through conferences, lectures but also through amateurs’ art forms like chorus, music bands and dance groups. After WWII the Germans had to pass a very difficult time but the first democratic Constitution from 1948 improved it to certain degree. The author identifies 4 different stages in the evolution of cultural activities due to the degree the political factor was implicated in culture. According to this criterion the late fifties and the years from 1968 to 1972 were the most fruitful for the Germans to develop the unmistakably culture of their own. The quite high migration rate from the eighties and the exodus which characterized the aftermath of the Revolution from 1989 made it impossible for those who did not leave Romania to continue their cultural life in a traditional way.

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Adolescent psychosocial development in Brno: An ELSPAC Study 2005–2011

Author(s): Stanislav Ježek,Petr Macek,Lenka Lacinová,Ondřej Bouša,Jan Vančura,Michaela Sokoliová,Aleš Neusar,Radka Michalčáková,Anna Ševčíková,Štěpán Konečný,Mojmír Tyrlík,Zuzana Sýkorová,Jiří Dalajka,Jan Šerek,Ivana Poledňová,Vladimír Marček,Martina Čavnická,Eva Beranová,Jan Širůček,Zuzana Masopustová,Jan Mareš / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2011

Our longitudinal findings are in line with published research describing current adolescence as a dynamic stage of life during which an individual‟s personal participation or influence on his or her development sharply increases. This leads, amongst other things, to higher variability of developmental changes and to an erosion of some stereotypes about the psychological and social life of adolescents. The respondents of the Brno longitudinal study (ELSPAC) represent a new generation of Czech adolescents. They were born in the time of turbulent social changes when political, economic and cultural conditions were significantly changing bringing along shifts in lifestyles, social norms and values of all generations including the parents of current adolescents. It can be hypothesised this society-wide change partially moderated the traditional inter generational conflict between adolescents and adults. We can speculate that the adults, not only the adolescents, partially spent the past two decades searching for a new personal and social identity (e.g. career changes, social security decrease, increase in personal freedom and responsibility of own life course). What was appreciated in the beginning of the 1990s as new possibilities – e.g. freedom in opinions and attitudes, opportunity to attain quality education, foreign travel, opportunities for self-actualisation etc. – is perceived as commonplace by today‟s adolescents.

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Adopcja dzieci na tle handlu ludźmi

Author(s): Angelika Gajek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

The paper presents the legal bases for adoption and the threat for children whose parents do not want or cannot bring them up. It also discusses possible ways of fighting the violation of minors’ rights. For the common benefit, the policy of cooperation among different institutions was implemented, which were specially founded to guard the legal order. However, in times of globalization, the action taken by a single country would not be sufficient. Thus, the cooperation among the other countries has become indispensable. The legal basis for this, ratified at the beginning of the 20th century, are international agreements, commonly worked-out legislation and relevant procedures, which can be effective in the battle against the violation of the basic human rights, especially those of the children.

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Affective Censorship

Author(s): Grzegorz Niziolek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

This article outlines the notion of censorship in affect as a principle structuring the realm of visibility of homosexuals in Polish theatre. Niziołek explores the relationship between society’s homophobia and ways of establishing the national community. This project attempts to deconstruct Poland’s dominant paradigm of national theatre by tracing counter-public queer performance in public theatre shows.

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AGAINST THE EMPEROR. ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENT PROTESTS EVOLUTION DURING THE REIGN OF HAILE SELASSIE I (1960-1974)

Author(s): Pablo Arconada Ledesma / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Contrary to popular belief, African populations have been able to force, through social protest, numerous changes in their societies. One such example is Ethiopia, where its last emperor, Haile Selassie I (1930-1974), faced fierce opposition in the streets during his reign, specially the one boosted by students. This study focuses on how student protests in the country have evolved since 1960, what were the causes of their development and what impact they had on the government of the Ethiopian negus. Finally, it will be analysed whether the protests against the emperor were connected with the 1974 Revolution and the military coup that provoked the coming to power of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia, popularly known as Derg. In order to carry out this research, a detailed review of the bibliography has been conducted as well as an analysis of the period's newspaper and graphic material related to student protests.

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Alienation and Dislocation versus Homeliness and Norm in Patricia Highsmith’s Strangers on a Train and The Talented Mr Ripley

Author(s): Joanna Stolarek / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2018

The aim of this article is to scrutinise the problem of alienation and dislocation in the context of homeliness and norm in the United States after World War II in Patricia Highsmith’s (1921-1955) Strangers on a Train and The Talented Mr Ripley. The author examines normality and oddity with respect to the main characters’ home environment and their relations with other protagonists. The emphasis is placed on the analysis of Charles Anthony Bruno from Strangers on a Train (1950) and Tom Ripley from The Talented Mr. Ripley (1955), psychopaths and killers, depicted as unfulfilled artists, marginalized by their community, mostly due to their homosexual inclinations and extravagant behaviour. The author of the article is going to show how Highsmith’s protagonists, being homosexuals and strangers, are exposed to the suspicious examination of an orthodox society that hounds them. As a lesbian, the writer was imbued with a feeling of social non-conformity and her status as an American living in Europe also marginalized her, making her as much of an outsider in her chosen home as she had been in her country of birth (Fort Worth, Texas). The author of this article is going to prove how Patricia Highsmith’s living in deeply conservative American society affected her depiction of fictional homes and the creation of the characters who operate outside the norm and live on the fringe of society.

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Alkoholio vartojimas: socialinis ir aplinkos kontekstas bei vyriškosios lyties tapatumas

Author(s): Vylius Leonavičius,Almanė Pakrijauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2019

In modern society, alcohol consumption is part of culture associated with a sense of pleasure, stress and anxiety, but at the same time an unwanted form of harmful behavior with many negative consequences (diseases, accidents, violence, crime, health risks, etc.). For these reasons, the use of alcohol in scientific discourse is studied in various ways. This paper introduces to the Socio-environmental Context Model (SECM) (Ward 2011), which is based on the widely used Theory of Social Norms. SECM allows identifying the environmental impact of alcohol consumption and social norms related to it. Social norms are distinguished into two types: injunctive norms (acceptance of behavior in a particular group) and descriptive norms (behavior specific to a particular group). The influence of the various environmental factors identified by SECM is revealed in four dimensions: physical-geographical, temporal, social and personal-historical, which interacts simultaneously. Other aspects of relgion, social and economic status, and the formation of an individual’s gender identity can be easily integrated into SECM. Therefore, this paper aims to further expand approach to social norms by including a personal identity factor. Personal identity, especially for men, can be an essential part of alcohol consumption. The purpose of this paper is to construct a theoretical model based on SECM and the theoretical approaches of male identity, which would allow revealing a more comprehensive approach through various aspects of the environment and male identity.

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Alt kültür gruplarında suç ve toplumsallaşma ilişkisi: Karaman Çingeneleri örneği

Author(s): İsmail Güllü,Kerim Yildirim / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2016

In this study, the relationship between crime and the socialization process in Gypsy subculture is examined. This is is a qualitative study analysing the relationship between crime and the socialization process among Gypsies in different parts of Karaman between the years 2014-2015, especially the “Yeni” neighborhood known as Abdali district. In-depth interviews helped us to group Gypsy families into four different family types. It can be said that during unique socialization process of Gypsy subculture, Gypsy individuals’ attitudes to crime is shaped in the context of its unique dynamics through their families, relatives and friends. Unlike other social groups, the Gypsy subculture allows forming a habitus conducive to be involved in crime. Although they have common social characteristics with Gypsies living in different parts of Turkey, Gypsies in Karaman have a distinctive lifestyle and habitus due to their unique socialization process.

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Alternatív életstratégiák értékvonatkozásai és azok integratív szerepe

Author(s): Ágnes Kapitány,Gábor Kapitány / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2016

During the research, 241 interviews were made between 2007 and 2011. The interviewees were members of different social, gender, and age groups, with different world-views, social status and political attitudes. Their common denominator was the representation of any alternative life strategies compared to the profit- and success-oriented mainstraim. The hypothesis of the authors was that these ˮalternative” people have further common attributes, which play an important role in the social integration process, too. The article summarizes the typical (integrative) values of these alternative life strategies.

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ALTERNATIVNE KRIVIČNE SANKCIJE – ZA I PROTIV

Author(s): Nebojša Macanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 1/2016

The postindustrial society is more developed society in the economic andtechnological point of view, but it is not significantly new society in termsof freedom and equality of people. Although, there is a lot of talkabout the progress of science and the development of society in thepost-industrial period, there is not enough talk about the status of thecommon man and his position. Particularly significant is the attitude ofpost-modern society against those who violate its values and laws, and wewill therefore pay particular attention to this problem. This paper is aimedat highlighting the problem of how many are actually alternative criminalsanctions in post-industrial society efficient and helpful, and the extentto which such sanctions could affect the re-socialization of offenders andreducing the rate of recurrence.

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ALTERNATIVNE SANKCIJE PREMA MALOLJETNICIMA

Author(s): Lana Petö Kujundžić,Emir Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 1/2016

In order to prevent violations, consequently juvenile crime in general, we are trying to find different models and approaches to the application of alternative sanctions in case of minors. The article presents the possibilities of introducing alternative sanctions to minors who have committed offenses, in order to achieve the purpose of these sanctions and that is that minors do not make future violations or criminal offenses. The system presented is the Netherlands system that started with the implementation in 1981 in Rotterdam as a system that was to deal with the problem of vandalism of minors. In the paper is also presented the pilot program implemented in Zagreb and Velika Gorica in order to improve system through its implementation from 2012 to 2016.

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ALTERNATIVNE SANKCIJE U NEONATALNOM INKUBATORU

Author(s): Goran Jovanić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 1/2016

Overloading prison capacity, lack of professional and technical personnel, the absence of individual and group rehabilitation penal treatment of convicts fact informal system of direct and indirect consequences of isolation and segregation of the family, the local community and from work, the high recidivism of prisoners and deprivation as a result of such a situation in the prison system, with a chronic lack of funding, forcing the country to initiate activities towards practical implementation of alternative criminal sanctions in legislation and practice in Serbia during the first decade of this century. Additional impetus was a request for equalizations punitive responses with the countries of the European Union as one of the preconditions for the start of accession talks. Legislative amendments introduced the possibility to start with the imposition and execution of alternative sanctions, but the first step when the trouble in the form of non-cooperation of institutions and organizations in which it took that these sanctions are enforced. A couple of years of persuasion was needed to ensure the acceptance of sentenced to a term of community even in those communal activities which is operated by the State, establishing trust office was going pretty slow because it was necessary to train future commissioners (probation experts) to provide minimum objective assumptions mind space, means of transport, communication techniques, and in particular the purchase and training of staff for electronic surveillance. It can be argued that the alternative sanctions "came into the world" or as if they are weak premature baby that is struggling to survive and advance, would not cost you a day on their feet. The situation is still not improved significantly, and this paper will point out the basic problems that the practice of execution of alternative sanctions meets and will probably still some time to burden the achievement of equal status with other criminal justice sanctions in our country.

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ALTRUIZAM, FILANTROPIJA I HUMANIZAM – pojmovnoistorijski aspekti solidarnosti –

Author(s): Todor Kuljić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2016

This paper presents two main versions of altruism: the filantrophy and the humanism, their most developed historical forms and ways of legitimation. It is shown why private property, market and profite maximization are not inconsinent with the philantrophy and why it is not in accordance with the humanism. One should consider the role of philantrophy in the apology of capitalism.The paper compares two clasical writings: Marx-Engels’ „Manifest of the Communist Party” and Andrew Carnegies essay „The Gospel of Wealth”. In addition, it explores historical development, main features and the limitations of solidarity both in humanism and in philantropy in religious and in secular life as well as the types of philantrops and humanists and the contemporary philantrocapitalism in USA and Germany. There are two kinds of the philantropy criticism: (1) Non systemic one, which warns on the different abuses of philantrops, but which doesn’t deny the system’s foundations, and (2) Systemic one, which does’nt separate the criticism of philantropy from the criticism of capitalism itself. Special attention is dedicated to the usage of symbolic capital in the philantropy and to different doubts about the sincerity of benefaction.There is difference between apstract humanism which only comdemn the inhumanity, on the one side, and the theory of real humanism, as the lever by means of which one should put down exploatation and oppression of human beings. One is able to differentiate between ideological explanations of charity, philantropic and humanistic attempts in the epochal consciousnesses of the different historical ages from the antiquity to neoliberalism. Humanism prevailed during the Cold War in socialism, whereas philantropy has become hegemonic since the collapse of European socialism. Humanism was rooted in critism of the private property, while philantropy serves to promote and the bouergoies values. The conclusion is that the philantrophy relieves misery on the level of distribution, while humanism tries to annihilate the misery on the level of production.

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American Jewish Altruism in Support of International Humanitari-an Intervention and Kosovo Peace-building

Author(s): Samet Dalipi / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

At the end of 20th century, parts of Europe get caught again by xenophobia’s which were hidden under the rug of the Cold War. Balkans was again at the heart of eruptions of nationalistic ideas and hegemonist aspirations. In resolving the last unsettled Kosovo case in the Balkans, west democra-cies corrected the mistake made at the beginning of the same century. In this direction gave input the Jewish community of USA. “We need to come out in defense of the defenseless victims ... can-not let people like Milosevic to continue killing men, women and children. We had to do this earlier, but not later or now”, said Elie Wiesel, the most prominent Jewish Nobel Prize winner, in a meeting with Holocaust survivors and veterans. This was not the only voice of the Jewish members in defense of Kosovo Albanians. A significant number of elite American-Jewish prominent politicians and diplomats, senior U.S. administration, from public life, have been cautious in pursuit of developments in Kosovo before the war. Altruism within Jewish elite influenced or advised U.S. policy makers on the necessity of intervention in Ko-sovo, to prevent scenarios prepared by the Serbian regime to de-albanize Kosovo. They decided and implemented the diplomacy of dynamic actions in stopping the repetition of the similarities of holocaust within the same century. What prompted this perfectly organized community in the U.S., with distinctive culture and other religious affiliations to people of Kosovo to support them during exterminating circumstances? Which were the driving factors on influencing the policy of most pow-erful state in the world in support of Albanians? This paper aims to illuminate some of the answers on the raised question as well as analyze the activities of most prominent American-Jewish personal-ities, some of their philanthropic actions that are associated with emotions, their principles and be-liefs to prevent human suffering and exodus of Kosovo Albanians, similar to their holocaust but with different actors.

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