When Life is Beyond Canons. Considerations on Some Archival Documents

Author(s): Corina Teodor / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2015

This study complements the research made on the history of the Greek Catholic deanery of Mureș, at the early twentieth century. The period is one tense for the alienation of parishes, which were joined in 1913 to the Hungarian Greek Catholic Diocese of Hajdudorog, the disruptions of the First World War were also added. In this context, the dean Dionisie Decei remained under the ruler of Blaj and faced a series of administrative, financial, social and cultural problems. Finally, he tried to oversee the morals of the Greek Catholic communities under his authority. Based on several unpublished archival documents this study captures the moral deviations of the era especially.

Catholic Missionary Activity in 17th Century Wallachia. New Findings in Bulgarian Archives

Author(s): Alexandru Ciocîltan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The lack of a collection of sources dedicated specially to the Catholic presence in 17th century Wallachia is an important obstacle in the effort to reconstruct the missionary activity in the above-mentioned territory. As a consequence the author focused his efforts to punctual contributions to the topic, based on researches carried out mainly in Bulgarian archives.The destiny of Catholicism in 17th century Wallachia was deeply influenced by the Franciscan missionaries Andrea Bogoslavić and Pietro Paolo Bruni. Bogoslavić defected from the observant to the conventual branch of the Franciscan Order, proclaimed himself bishop of Wallachia and demanded from the Saxons living in Târgovişte and Râmnic to pay him the tithe. The parishioners refused and embraced the Orthodox faith. Only 8 families remained loyal to the Roman Church in Târgovişte. The conventual friar Pietro Paolo Bruni, who replaced Bogoslavić in 1629, got involved in a dispute with the Catholic bishop of Sofia regarding the jurisdiction over the Franciscan monastery in Târgovişte. According to the sources, the ignorance of the vernacular languages used by the Catholic parishioners was the main cause of his failure.In 1644, during his pastoral visit in Wallachia, Petăr Bogdan Bakšić, the Catholic archbishop of Sofia, offers important information regarding the attitude of the Orthodox boyars towards Catholicism.The need for native clergy in the parish of Câmpulung could be fulfilled only 20 years after the reconversion of the Lutheran Saxon community to Catholicism. In 1659, after studying 12 years in Rome, Michele de Paulis returned home to serve as a priest. Between 1659 and 1662 he witnessed the Turkish and Tatar invasion, was twice enslaved and liberated, became sick of quart fever and plague but managed to survive. Between 1670 and 1674 Martin Tobias, another Franciscan born in Câmpulung, was active as a missionary among the Paulicians living south of the Danube. He also returned home to serve as a priest.

Eros in the first century’s Christian theology

Author(s): Adrian Mircea Marica / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

For among most contemporaries, the concept of Eros seems to have nothing to do with Christianity. Sifting through the psychoanalysis of sexual fantasy, theologically it says nothing. Our study gives reasons showing that for theologians since the dawn of the Christian era, Eros-love plays a fundamental role.. The connotations of this concept, however, are different from those of today, when its sensory meaning is more restricted to sexuality. Greek theologians of the first centuries after Christ, taught the concept of Plato enshrined as a unifying enthusiasm, the attraction of inferior to superior states, as “hungry and thirsty” for something continuously higher, developing, and enriching the connotation. The work of Dionysius ((Pseudo) Areopagite, the Idea of Good, leads us step by step up the ascent of the erotically chaste, and is identified with the One-God, who is the very source of love. Consequently, Eros-love originates from God, Eros- love being not only an ascending but firstly a descending love, which calls for a reciprocal communion.

Dacic Ancient Astronomical Research in Sarmizegetuza

Author(s): Cristiana Oprea,Emanuel George Oprea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The actual Romanian territory belongs to Carpatho-Danubian Space and to Ancient Europe. The Ancient European Society was a vast cultural entity based on a theocratic, matriarchal society, peaceful and art creating. Temples of Sarmizegetusa have given rise to several theories over time, proven by historians with the most diverse arguments. The largest complex of temples and sanctuaries was founded in Sarmizegetusa Regia, the Dacian’s main fortress and ancient capital of Dacia in the time of King Decebalus. The mysterious form of settlements has led researchers to the conclusion that the locations were astronomical observation shrines. Among the places of Dacian worship in Orastie Mountains the most impressive is the Great Circular Sanctuary, used to perform some celestial observations, and also as original solar calendar. This paper had the purpose to re-discover the Dacian Civilization and Dacian cosmogony based on the accumulated knowledge upon our country’s past.

W 450. rocznicę zakończenia Soboru Trydenckiego (1545–1563)

Author(s): Jan Wiśniewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2015

In the Council of Trentino, from 1545 to 1563, the last two strands: reformof the Catholic Counterreformation, because previous efforts to reformthe Church connected with the clarification of Catholic science challengedby Protestants. The papacy feared convening another Council due to thesupremacy of the Cathedral over Pope, although the first such attempt in1534, 1536, 1537, 1539 to Trento, but the last Papal Bull Laetare Ierusalemannounced in 1944, and the second was on December 13, 1945, in the firstsession was attended by few Cardinals, archbishops and bishops, but in theend of December 4, 1563, was attended by 255 of the second fathers. In sciencethe church adopted: the doctrine of justification, of original sin, indicatedon the letter and tradition as a source of faith, it was number 7 sacraments,which were found to be the source of grace, and the Holy Mass makes it clearthe sacrifice of Christ on the cross, as well as the obligation to preach theword of God. In terms of church discipline: prohibited the appointment ofcumulation, ordered to include marriage to Pastor and witnesses, the Ministerrecalled to mansion, and bishops were obliged to visit the diocese and forconvening councils, as well as the obligation to create seminars and closurehave been introduced in the monasteries and banned from broadcastingthem in command. Trentino for many centuries formed the Catholic Churchreligious, and gave it the order and shape in terms of doctrine and discipline.

INFOSFERA I JEJ WPŁYW NA ROZWÓJ PSYCHICZNY I DUCHOWY WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNYCH CENOBITÓW PRZESTRZEGAJĄCYCH REGUŁY BENEDYKTA Z NURSJI

Author(s): Olga Cyrek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2014

The paper describes the basis of the Rule of Benedict of Nursia (d. 547) datascape environment present in the community of monks living in the monastery and the ways of acquiring information. The primary source of information for them was another man, especially a monk, and contact with the laity much they confine.Important information for them was verbal, which is transmitted by word and non-verbal information, transmitted gesture and posture. They used the word only in exceptional circumstances and with dignity. Also conveyed his command charged with words, but Cenobites were obliged to listen to him in silence. If you need anything, it’s more likely to be expressed by the movements of the body. Information plays an important role in the educational process, which is facilitated by the introduction of the discipline in the monastery. Abbots used the information for teaching and imparting knowledge, but the monks did not take an active role, but rather passively absorb everything supervisor told them. In exceptional cases, they can express their views, such as the common meeting. Monks depend primarily on the spiritual peace, hence they try to create the environment around them organized. Disinformation in them did not exist, because often they read the Rule and thus keep gaining knowledge about behavior. They knew so well their duties and rights and follow the top-down schedule.

AVGUSTIN GOLITSYN ON CATHOLICIZATION OF RUSSIA

Author(s): Adam Drozdek / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2014

Książę Augustyn Golicyn spędził większość swego życia we Francji, gdzie zajmował się intensywnie publikacją źródeł historycznych dotyczących głównie historii Rosji. Publikował również prace na temat katolicyzmu i jego roli w historii Rosji oraz możliwości, jakie katolicyzm otwierał dla jej przyszłości – czym kontynuował dyskusję otwartą przez Iwana Gagarina. W tej dyskusji Golicyn skoncentrował się na trzech problemach dzielących katolicyzm i prawosławie, a mianowicie: pochodzeniu Ducha Świętego, istnieniu czyśćca oraz prymatu papieskiego. Golicyn podkreślał, że wolność Kościoła w Rosji, będącego wówczas w pełni zależnym od władzy cesarskiej, możliwa jest jedynie po połączeniu się z Kościołem katolickim.

DOKTORZY TEOLOGII Z ZAKRESU BIBLISTYKI WYDZIAŁU TEOLOGICZNEGO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLOŃSKIEGO WYPROMOWANI PO II WOJNIE ŚWIATOWEJ

Author(s): Piotr Wisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2014

After World War II at the Theological Faculty of Jagiellonian University in Cracow the dissertations in the area of the Holy Scripture were written by thirty two priests. Dissertations connected with the Bible were written at the seminar of Biblical Study of the Old Testament and at the seminar of Biblical Science of the New Testament. The priests wrote them under the guidance of the following lecturers: rev. Józef Kaczmarczyk, rev. Aleksy Klawek, rev. Władysław Smereka and rev. Piotr Stach. Twelve theses concerned issuses connected with the Old Testament, nineteen with the New Testament. One dissertation had both the Old and the New Testament connections. Most of papers were the translations from original languages with the comments of some parts of the Bible.Some of the priests with doctorates were employed at the theological departments of Polish universities and in seminaries. Doctors promoted by Theological Faculty of Jagiellonion University had great impact on the development of biblical thought and popularization of the Holy Scripture among the faithful in Poland in the second half of XX century.

„PARAFIA W PRAWIE KANONICZNYM I W PRAWIE POLSKIM”, REDAKCJA SŁAWOJ LESZEK GŁÓDŹ, JÓZEF KRUKOWSKI, MIROSŁAW SITARZ, LUBLIN [2013], TNKUL, s. 293, ISBN 978-83-7306-616-8

Author(s): Marcin Nabożny,Władysław Wyszowadzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2014

BETLEJEM – POMIĘDZY TEOLOGIĄ, HISTORIĄ I ARCHEOLOGIĄ

Author(s): Adam Kubiś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18-20/2013

The paper deals with one of the crucial places on the map of salvation geography (Heilsgeographie), namely Bethlehem. Starting with a discussion of the etymology of the city’s name, both in Biblical Hebrew (house of bread) and in ancient Akkadian cuneiform script (house of [the goddess] Lahmu/ Lakhamu), the study then analyses all of the Old Testament references (with a special focus on the oracle of Micah 5:1) and New Testament references to Bethlehem. An overview of the economic and demographic situation of the Judean small towns and villages like Bethlehem during the Herodian era supplements the analysis. There is also an attempt to dispel the false conflict regarding a proper understanding of the locus of Jesus’ birth: stable presumed from the biblical data (cf. manger) versus cave attested in patristic writings and suggested by archeological survey of the area. The exact meaning of the Lucan term katalyma, meaning living space/room and not inn (as widely followed by modern translations of the NT), is also discussed, along with a brief overview of scholarly explanations as to reasons for the lack of room in the katalyma. The study ends with a note on the history of Bethlehem in the Roman and Byzantine periods, focusing on the traditional spot of Jesus’ birth as it was transformed into a pagan, and later Christian, place of cult.

HUGO KOŁŁĄTAJ – KAPŁAN, MĄŻ STANU I POLITYK

Author(s): Andrzej Pociask / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18-20/2013

Practical attitude towards gaining knowledge to change in the eighteenth century philosophy combined with radical quest for elimination of supernatural phenomena but primarily Christian virtues became a reason for revival and development of materialism as far as the view of reality and human person is concerned. Empirical-rational approach in science and hostile attitude towards Christianity can be related to French and English Enlightenment philosophers but not Polish.Polish Enlightenment philosophers were able to combine contemporary science fascination and philosophical thinking with earnest ecclesiasticism. This was evidenced by the fact that several outstanding Polish Enlightenment exponents such as Hugo Kołłątaj, Stanisław Konarski or Stanisław Staszic were faithful Catholic priests. Hugo Kołłątaj, as a writer and social activist, belongs to the group of well-known and prominent figures in the history of Poland. A large number of works were written about him. It is worth underlying that Kołłątaj was one of the thinkers who during the Enlightenment showed exceptional interest in human person problems. Not only his social and political activity but also scientific and literary work were inspired by the quest for the good of a human being and by the pursuit to discover the truth of human being existence.This thesis is an attempt to show Hugo Kołłątaj, one of the leading of Polish Enlightenment exponents. His political, social and educational activity didnt restrain him from reaching his aims which resulted from the fact that he was a Catholic priest. His 200th death anniversary in 2012 is reason enough to present his life and his activity in many fields.

KS. WITOLD JEDYNAK, „LOKALNE SPOŁECZNOŚCI PARAFIALNE W RZESZOWIE. STUDIUM SOCJOLOGICZNO-PASTORALNE”, RZESZÓW 2012, S. 393, ISBN 978-83-7338-733-1

Author(s): Stanisław Nabywaniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18-20/2013

Korekta do Nietzschego

Author(s): Stanisław Obirek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

Prezentari bibliografice

Author(s): Florin Popovici,Florin Iordache,Stelian Gombos,Radu Botis / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-03/2016

ღვინიას მონასტერი თურქეთის ტერიტორიაზე, ისტორიულ სამცხეში

Author(s): Teimuraz Khutsishvili,Nodar Aronishidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 12/2024

As is known, in modern-day Turkey, the historical Georgian provinces are united under the conditional names of Tao-Klarjeti. These parts are Samtskhe (the upper course of the river Potskhovistskali), Erusheti (only a section), Javakheti (the areas around the Lake Kartsakhi), Artani (the central part and the Posso region), Palakatsio (the areas around the Lake Chrdili), Kola, Machakheli (the upper course of the river Machakhelistskali), Shavsheti, Klarjeti (the central part, the Nigali region, and the eastern part of the Egri region), Amier Tao (the northern part of the Oltisistskali basin and the Parkhali region), Imier Tao (the southern part of the Oltisistskali basin, part of the Chorokhi Valley, the Tortomi region, and the Narimani region), Kvemo Speri. Since the 16th century, this part of historical southern Georgia (Meskheti) has been part of the Ottoman Empire. Thereafter, the gradual decline of Georgian culture in these territories began, and over time, only a few dozen Georgian-speaking villages, historical toponyms, and artifacts, such as architectural and archaeological monuments, wall paintings, manuscripts, icons, and lapidary inscriptions, have remained. In the 19th century, following the Russo-Turkish wars, important parts of Meskheti, along with the rest of Georgia, became part of the Russian Empire. Since the 1870s, with the support of the Russian Geographical Society and other organizations, research began on the monuments belonging to the Georgian and Armenian cultures in the annexed territories. Hundreds of architectural monuments from the historical regions of Georgia located on theterritory of Turkey, as well as related manuscripts and artifacts, were studied. Old manuscripts and items related to Meskheti have mostly been preserved in the storages of Georgia's antiquities. However, there are quite a few artifacts of Meskhetian culture in foreign museums. Despite years of research and exploration of Tao-Klarjeti, some questions need clarification or further study which inevitably requires the active involvement of contemporary Georgian scholars in the humanities. We consider it very important to identify the monastery complexes in the specified area. From this perspective, the present letter proposes a significant scholarly innovation, in which an interdisciplinary methodological approach justifies the identification of the monastery in the historical village of “Ghviniya,” which in academic circles, previously was known only as a church.

LAIMUTIS BILKIS: LINKMENŲ BAŽNYČIOS XVIII AMŽIAUS METRIKŲ OIKONIMAI, NEIŠLIKĘ IKI ŠIŲ DIENŲ

Author(s): Laimutis Bilkis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 90/2024

Review of: Laimutis Bilkis: LINKMENŲ BAŽNYČIOS XVIII AMŽIAUS METRIKŲ OIKONIMAI, NEIŠLIKĘ IKI ŠIŲ DIENŲ. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2023, 183 p. DOI doi.org/10.35321/e-pub.65.linkmenu-istoriniai-oikonimai ISBN 978-609-411-350-5

Bisericile Brăilei în arhiva Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice (I) Biserica „Sfinţii Arhangheli Mihail și Gavril”

Author(s): Costin Croitoru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2021

Some time ago, the documentary fund of the Historical Monuments Commission was digitized. From this huge documentary treasure, some documents related to the Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel in Braila attracted our attention. It is about the famous Questionnaire regarding historical monuments, followed by several subsequent pieces of correspondence - some of which complete part of the answers -, interesting here being the dialogue with the Minister of Cults and Arts on the subject of the restoration of the place of worship, an initiative for the completion of which is being drawn up and an estimate of works accompanied by expenses.

Белая церковь и темные храмы как символические образы в поэзии Александра Блока

Author(s): Tatiana A. Koshemchuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2024

The symbolic image of the church/temple is considered one of the integrating images in Blok’s lyrics, revealing the poet’s connection with the religious aspects of culture. The characterologically significant images of the white church on the hill and the dark St. Petersburg temple are analyzed in different facets of the author’s three poetry books. A visual image in the background landscape — the white church in the midst of the vast Russian expanses — appears as a bright landmark in the lyrical plot of the poet’s path, and is connected with the theme of awaiting the Beautiful Lady. This is a high-frequency image (about 50 uses), which has appeared in Blok’s work since 1899. All its connotations manifested in 1901, and 1902 marked the culmination of its unfolding. Initially, the image of the church/temple appears as a dual one; the light dominant element of the poetic landscape is coupled with fog and inner darkness, and is not a sense-generating center of the lyrical theme development in poem structure. The situation of standing on the threshold or at the entrance to the temple and the general obscurity of the image symptomatically reflects the character’s incomplete involvement in the temple’s inner world. Only in a few poems does the image of the white church convey light that affects the outcome of lyrical dynamics. The symbolic image of the church/temple reveals the poetic features of the “antithesis” within the very “thesis” of Blok’s work and retains irresistible spiritual duality up until his latest creative works.

IPOSTAZELE OBIECTULUI ARHITECTURAL PRE ȘI POST CONVERSIE INTER-RELIGIOASĂ Transformări sacre: biserici - moschei

Author(s): Mihriban OCALAN / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 16/2024

This article aims to address one of the most controversial aspects of converting sacred spaces: the takeover of a place of worship by another religion while maintaining its original function as a place of worship. This type of conversion is perceived as a loss by those who originally claimed the space and as a victory by those who take control (Coomans et al., 2012), creating a situation where a space exists simultaneously in two states: as a lost space and as a gained space. The pre and post-conversion states of the architectural object will be analyzed in order to provide a comprehensive perspective on the architectural changes that occur as a result of the conversion process. Highlighting the different states of an architectural object facilitates a deeper understanding of said object and explores the relationship between architectural form and its impact on the user and the way it is perceived. In this context, the article aims to address the phenomenon of inter-religious conversion of sacred spaces and the states it generates, particularly focusing on the impact that this type of conversion has on how the space becomes a symbol in the collective mindset and how individuals relate to it. The study will adopt a qualitative research approach, drawing on theories, text and image analyses, case studies, interpretations, and asking open-ended questions. The approach will be interpretative, with the final goal being the exploration and understanding of the phenomenon of inter-religious conversion of sacred spaces.

Versko izobraževanje konvertitov v obdobju med obema vojnama na Slovenskem

Author(s): Gašper Mithans / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/2018

The paper will present the practice of the Catholic priests at the requests of non-Catholics to enter into Catholicism. In Slovenia these converts were in the interwar period originally often Catholics who converted into another religion and then wanted to “return" into the Catholic Church. The paper will research concrete examples of different groups, reasons and conditions for their crossing and re-conversion. The key requirements all candidates had to fulfill were the “lesson about the Catholic faith”, with an emphasis on the differences between the Catholic faith and the faith they wanted to withdraw from, and penance. For instructions on how to proceed and to obtain authorization for the admission of candidates in the Catholic Church, they had to turn to the competent bishop. In religiously mixed marriages the priests demanded a contract on the catholic education of children. Among candidates were also foreigners, especially shortly after World War I we fin d a lot of Russians among them. We note, that in the 1930s the requests of the Ljubljana diocesan office had tightened in comparison to the previous decade, and also the number of applications increased, namely in proportion to the increased number of exits from the Catholic Church.