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L'un d'entre les plus irnportants moments d'Ia vie d'i'Eglise et le synode ou le Concile (lat. concilium = réunion, assemble, conseil). Ici se discutent tous les problèmes qui regardent I'evolution passee, presente et prochaine d'i'Eglise, ou il se prend Ies décisions qui ses reîere à Ia consolidation de la foi et à l'élimination des difficultés d'Ia voie de la vie spirituelle.
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The life, activity and work of Saint Andrei Şaguna, the Metropolitan of Transylvania, are well-known due to the special academic researches led by Romanian and foreign historians and theologians. However, official archives and libraries from Romania and from abroad still possess many original sources regarding the Transylvanian Metropolitan’s life and activity that can bring clarifications about his work and will contribute to a more complete outline of his pastoral and theological activity. Our work explores two such very important documents regarding the appointment of Archimandrite Andrei Şaguna as the Transylvanian Orthodox Bishop by Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria on February 5, 1848 and his ordination by Metropolitan Iosif Raiacici in the metropolitan cathedral of Karlowitz (Sremski Karlovci) on April 18, 1848. Our research reviews these two important documents in the historical, canonical, and political context of the period.
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The process of the creation of the national states in the Balkans in the 19th century was followed by the political reforms and revitalization of church life, that had been suppressed in the Ottoman period. During the 19th century, Serbs, Greeks and Bulgarians, in different periods, have staged uprisings, waged independence wars, gained autonomy, then sovereignty, and were internationally recognized. During their liberation fight, these countries have been supported by the great European powers, above all by Russia, whose assistance was particularly directed towards Bulgaria, the Principality of Serbia and the Principality of Montenegro, aiming to emancipate the Balkan Christians. Following the 1876 – 1878 wars, the 1878 San Stefano Treaty and the Berlin Treaty, the Balkan countries were recognized as fully sovereign states.
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The author evokes several moments in the summer of 1990, namely the enthronement of bishop Daniel Ciobotea as metropolitan of Moldavia and Bucovina, and a visit in the Republic of Moldavia to his native places. The article presents church personalities of the 90’s in Romania and Molda- via.
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Cuvântul de deschidere
Address at the opening of the works of the Autumn Pastoral-Missionary Conference of Clergy of the Archdiocese of Bucharest, Bucharest, November 11-12 2019, Great Hall of the National Children's Palace, with the theme „2019 – the Commemorative Year of Patriarchs Nicodim Munteanu and Iustin Moisescu and the Church book translators in the Romanian Patriarchy”.
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This article presents the course of Lodź students' strikes, who in 1981 acted against the authorities of the Polish People's Republic (PRL) policy, concerning higher education They demanded introducing a lot of changes. Their strikes provided strong impetus for other students in Poland, who conseąuently started their own waves of strikes. The result of those strikes was establishing the first Independent Association of Students in Poland. In the first part of the article, the author outlined the communists' coming to power, strengthening it, as well as their style of ruling. That was a background for presenting the circumstances of students'strikes in Lodź, their demands, their talks with the state authorities and the Independent Association of Students coming into existance. The second part of the article presents the Catholic Church in Poland, its social role in the years of the communistic regime, which started in 1945, and Lodź Church special part during the srikesof 1981. According to the author, today, when there are trials to ignore or falsify some facts and events from the latest Polish history, it is essential to hold in reverence those wonderful episodes which reveal human's right to freedom, dignity, subjective treatment, and last but not least, to have all their rights guaranteed by the Constitution, respected by the ruling authorities. The author hopes that the present article will contribute to a long process of Polish national history cleansing and to showing it in the proper light. This article is dedicated to all of those who were involved in students' strikes, as a token of remembrance and gratitude.
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The liturgical Solemnity of Most Sacred Heart of Jesus was approved 250 years ago. This solemnity is celebrating on the Friday after the octave of the Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ (Corpus Christi). The Polish bishops Memorial of 1765 was really important document which helped in approval the Sacred Heart solemnity. That is why every Sacred Heart worshipper should read and know this document. 250th anniversary of approval this worship is the best time to do this. The Memorial presents the beginning of Sacred Heart worship history and meaning this worship for every worshipper. What is more this document shows arguments for approval of the liturgical solemnity of the Sacred Heart. Memorial shows clearly that orthodox Sacred Heart worship exist in the Church and this worship is accepted and still promoting by the Holy See. That is why this worship needs official approval of the appropriate form of the Mass, and breviary. Polish Bishops Memorial especially ask for approval of these texts for Poland. One of the reasons of it is Polish people are real Sacred Heart worshippers and they believe that this Heart helps them in every difficult situation.
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There is unique artifact of baroque art in the St. George the Martyr church of the Franciscan minor convent in Kaunas. There are 28 images of saint martyrs and confessors. In the archive of this convent we can find the earliest information about these images. There is a record of 1741 in which they are mentioned. Today they are in quite poor condition, but there is no equivalent to this gallery, even if in its unrestored condition. Every image reveals an individual way to holiness. In every painting there is a poetic inscription whose purpose is to describe a painted friar. This research is another opportunity to look at the way to holiness and the way to art.
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On 12 and 13 June 2021, the Archdiocese of Iaşi celebrated 380 years since the translation of Saint Paraskevi’s relics from Constantinople to the capital of Moldavia. The holy relics were a gift from the Ecumenical Patriarchate to Prince Vasile Lupu of Moldavia, and were laid with great honours in the beautiful, newly-built church of „The Three Holy Hierarchs” Monastery. On this anniversary, the Vigil service was officiated on 12 June and the Holy Liturgy was celebrated on 13 June at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Iaşi and the „Three Holy Hierarchs” Monastery. The services were celebrated by the two hierarchs of Iaşi Archdiocese – His Eminence Teofan, Archbishop of Iaşi and Metropolitan of Moldavia and Bukovina, and His Grace Nichifor Botoșăneanul, Vicar Bishop of the Archdiocese of Iaşi. Two more hierarchs co-celebrated the Holy Liturgy officiated on 13 June at the Metropolitan Cathedral: His Grace Damaschin Dorneanul, Vicar Bishop of the Archdiocese of Suceava and Rădăuți, and His Grace Emilian Crișanul, Vicar Bishop of the Archdiocese of Arad. His Beatitude Daniel, Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church, sent a congratulatory message on this anniversary, entitled „Saint Paraskevi «the swift helper» is a great gift to the Romanian people”. On 12 June, in the Gothic Hall of „The Three Holy Hierarchs” Monastery were organized a symposium and an exhibition of books, icons and vestments of Saint Paraskevi. The symposium was organized by „Dumitru Stăniloae” Faculty of Orthodox Theology in Iaşi, and the exhibition was created by „Dumitru Stăniloae” Library, the Metropolitan Cathedral and the „Resurrectio” Centre for Conservation and Restoration of Christian Art Patrimony. The exhibition was open for the public for a week after the vernissage. In honour of this anniversary, „Doxologia” Publishing House of Iaşi Archdiocese announced the publication of two new books: „New considerations on the translation of Saint Paraskevi’s relics to Iasi”, coordinated by Bogdan Brânză, and a mini-album entitled „380 years since the translation to Iaşi of Saint Paraskevi’s relics”.Over these two days, the faithful could venerate the reliquary containing Saint Paraskevi’s relics, set in the Metropolitan Cathedral in Iaşi.
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Although a strong church from the beginning, with special spiritual life and moral-religious leading personalities, the Romanian Orthodox Church has started late with canonisation of saints. It is the merit of Patriarch Justinian and the members of the Holy Synod of the time, in October 1955 in full Stalinist regime, that several Romanian saints were canonized, whose relics were on this land for centuries. The following were declared then saints of the Romanian Orthodox Church: St. John the Wallachian (12th of May), St. Hierarchs Elias Iorest and Sava Brancovici, Metropolitans of Transylvania from the seventeenth century as witnesses (24th of April), St. Pious Visarion Sarai and Sophrony of Cioara and pious peasant Oprea Nicolae (21st of October), St. Hierarch Calinic of Cernica (11th of April) and St. Hierarch Joseph the New from Partoş (15th of September).
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The article presents a pilgrimage of the Polish Primate, cardinal Stefan Wyszyński to the sanctuary of Our Lady Guardian of the Holy Faith in Bardo. The pilgrimage took place in 15th August 1959 i.e. in the Assumption Day. The Primate’s pilgrimage was greatly celebrated in the Lower Silesia churches, the more so because of growing intense fight of the communist authorities against the Catholic Church at that period. For the better understanding of the historical context of the cardinal Wyszyński’s pilgrimage, firstly, complicated Church history of western Poland after the second world war is discussed. It is also impossible to understand the personal and pastoral aspects of the Primate’s pilgrimage without at least cursory knowledge of his devotion to the Mother of Christ. The second part of the article is devoted to this issue. In the third one a short history of the Bardo sanctuary is presented. The four point describes the Primate’s pilgrimage on the basis available archival sources followed by the personal note of the cardinal Wyszyński concerning the pilgrimage in the final point.
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Naučni odbor je pripremio autorske referate za učesnike Okruglog stola “75. Godišnjica Trećeg zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a: uloga Trećeg zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a u društvenom i političkom razvoju Bosne i Hercegovine” za štampu. Program Okruglog stola sastojao se od uvodnih obraćanja i 14 referata. Redoslijed radova u ovom zborniku u najvećoj mjeri slijedi redoslijed izlaganja referata pripremljenih za Okrugli sto, koji se trebao održati krajem 2020. godine, međutim zbog nezahvalne epidemiološke situacije izazvane virusom COVID-19, nije bilo mogućnosti njegovo održavanje. Akademik Ivo Cvitković je naglasio da većina pripadnika pokreta nisu bili komunisti, ali su oni bili organizatori antifašističke borbe. Postavio je sljedeća pitanja: za šta se borio NOP, politika NOF-e; uvođenje zvanja vjerskog referenta, primjeri odnosa narodnooslobodilačkog pokreta prema slobodi religije, sloboda vjeronauke i osnivanje “vjerske komisije”? Posebnu pažnju je posvetio religiji i crkvi na Trećem zasjedanju ZAVNOBiH-a i pitanjima: vjerski službenici, diskusije u kojima se kritički osvrtalo na religiju i religijske zajednice, biranje sveštenika u ZAVNOBiH, gdje je pošlo “ukrivo”, zašto je došlo do promjena odnosa prema religiji i crkvi i začeci netrpeljivosti?
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In der Geschichte der protestantischen Graduale in Ungarns chlägt das 17. Jahrhundert ein neues Kapitel auf. Während aus dem vorherigen Jahrhundert nur drei fragmentarische handschriftliche Überlieferungen und zwei Drucke erhalten geblieben sind, bietet das 17. Jahrhundert einen großen Reichtum liturgischer Bücher. Woher kommt dieser große liturgische Reichtum in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts? Und wie verhalten sich die Stoffe der aus vielen Orten stammenden Handschriften zum Inhalt des Großen Graduals? Der Vortragversucht diese Fragen durch den Vergleich des überlieferten Materials anhand folgender Themen zu beantworten: 1. Die Herkunft und der Aufbau der handschriftlichen Graduale und des Großen Graduals. 2. Die Feste in den handschriftlichen Gradualen und im Großen Gradual. 3. Die liturgischen Anlässe inden handschriftlichen Gradualen und im Großen Gradual. 4. Die liturgischen Gattungen in den handschriftlichen Gradualen und im Großen Gradual. 5. Die Texte der liturgischen Sätze in den handschriftlichen Gradualen und im Großen Gradual. 6. Die Melodien in den handschriftlichen Gradualen und im Großen Gradual; sowie die Notation in den handschriftlichen Gradualen und das Drucken der Melodien im Großen Gradual.
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The Serbian Orthodox Church in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) 1941–1945
In the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) from its establishment only days after the German attack on Yugoslavia in early April 1941 until its fall in May 1945 a genocide took place. The ultimate goal of the extreme ideology of the Ustasha regime was a new Croatian state cleansed of other ethnic groups, particularly the Serbs, Jews and Roma. The Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC), historically a mainstay of Serbian national identity, culture and tradition, was among its first targets. Most Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries were demolished, heavily damaged or appropriated by the Roman Catholic Church or the state. More than 170 Serbian priests were killed and tortured by the Ustasha, and even more were exiled to occupied Serbia. The regime led by Ante Pavelić introduced numerous laws and regulations depriving the SPC of not only its property and spiritual jurisdiction but even of its right to existence. When mass killings stirred up a large-scale rebellion, a more political and seemingly non-violent approach was introduced: the Croatian regime unilaterally and non-canonically founded the so-called Croatian Orthodox Church in order to bring the forced assimilation of Serbs to completion. This paper provides an overview of the ordeal of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the NDH, based on the scholarly literature and documentary sources of Serbian, German and Croatian origin. It looks at legislation, propaganda, the killings and torture of Orthodox clergy and the destruction of church property, including medieval holy relics. The scale and viciousness of some atrocities will be looked at based on unused or less known sources, namely the statements of Serbian refugees recorded during the war by the SPC and the Commissariat for Refugees in Serbia, and documents from the Political Archive of the Third Reich Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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