MISJE KATOLICKIE W JAPONII. HISTORIA I WSPÓŁCZESNOŚĆ

Author(s): Łukasz Krucki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2014

Christianity reached Japan as late as the 16th century. The rst missionary in the Land of the Blooming Cherry-Tree was St. Francis Xavier. For two years, from 1549- 1551, he preached the Gospel to the native inhabitants of the Japanese Islands, after which he left for China with similar intentions, but died on the way in Continental Asia (2 or 3 of December, 1552). The work of Francis Xavier was continued by the Jesuits, who propagated the Catholic faith with the help of missionary accommodations. The mission’s development was stopped before the end of the 16th century by repressions introduced by shogun Toyoto Hideyoshi. Christian persecutions lasted for almost three centuries and cost the lives of thousands of Christians. It is from this period that we have a list of 42 saints and 393 blessed Japanese martyrs. The period of tolerance in Japan began only in the Meiji period (as of 1868), and actually, from the time of the declaration of the Edict of Tolerance in 1873. This made it possible to carry out orga- nized missionary activities, mainly by Europeans. The development of the missions in Japan, however, occurred only after the 1930’s, among others thanks to the activities of St. Maximilian Kolbe and Brother Zenon Żebrowski, who undertook educational, printing and charitable work. Meanwhile, the so-called Japanese Niepokalanów was built. After the II World War, the work of Polish missionaries continued, particularly in the area of school education at its various levels. In 2011, the Land of the Rising Sun numbered 445,927 Catholics, which comprises 0.3% of Japan’s population.

KONTEKSTUALNY WYMIAR PISARSTWA HISTORYCZNEGO INSPIROWANY MISJĄ WERBISTÓW W CHINACH

Author(s): Andrzej Miotk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2014

The study aims at showing the dependency of missionary work based on various contexts in China as a mission country. The problem is displayed on four incidents from the mission of the Divine Word Missionaries who within a span of 67 years (1882- 1949) sent 543 missionaries to China. The incidents highlight the role of geographical, political, social and religious setting of China for missionary work. The first incident focuses on the role of the river Huang He, called “the sorrow of China” in winning lot of conversions to the Catholicism. The second incident was the murder of two SVD Fathers namely Francis Nies and Richard Henle in 1897 in South Shandong. This gave a pretext for the German’s occupation of Jiaozhou Bay. The third incident was in 1929 in Loshan. The missionaries there were perceived by the Chinese mainly as the agents of imperialism and a threat to the Chinese cultural identity. Finally, the last incident which occurred in Mingkiang discusses the case of breaking the ban on the participation in the worship of ancestors. This particular incident points to different factors which played a decisive role in the de nitive condemnation of the China rites through the decree Ex quo singulari of Benedict XIV (1742).The conducted study stresses the importance of contextualizing historiography. The mission’s historian in the times of an already global Church must ask himself about the relevant and fruitful perspective of a research being conducted. The rst basic step in the process of research is to examine the different contexts of the subject of historical research. Addressing the contexts allows the historian to nd the most inspiring and valuable research questions and to avoid reductionist interpretations. Christianity is becoming less Western and more and more global in its nature, and this leads to new research questions. The SVD China-mission exempli es the need for an interdiscipli- nary approach to the subject of historical research in order to satisfy the complexity of the missionary situation and to expand the categories of interpretation. An interesting problem will be the possible hierarchy and correlation of contexts. The complexity of the historical subject requires from the historian never to assume that the reader really knows what he means. Therefore, the rst fundamental duty of the historian is the effort to understand and clarify the contexts in which the subject of research is intertwined in order to make the text more readable and instructional. At the same time the historian himself should be aware that he perceives the facts through the prism of his personal circumstances such as family, environment, and education. In the process his historical writing becomes subjective.

OD KOŚCIOŁA EUROPEJSKIEGO DO KOŚCIOŁA RODZIMEGO. MISYJNE NAUCZANIE PAPIESKIE XX WIEKU

Author(s): Jan Walkusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2014

The Catholic Church’s missionary activities, particularly from the period of great geographical discoveries, was set on the socalled “plantatio Ecclesiae” and for several centuries was based on the system of colonization and the so-called Right of Patronage. Even though many initiatives of the Holy See at that time aimed to remove politics from the missions and make the peoples the subject of the missions, it was only the fall of the Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires, primarily the First World War, that generated the need for a completely new form of Evangelization processes. These principles – in the context of full awareness and precisely de ning missionary goals – were clear- ly formulated in of cial Church documents beginning with Benedict XV through the decree of the Second Vatican Council, ending with the work and teaching of John Paul II. Such documents as: Maximum illud by Benedict XV, Rerum Ecclesiae by Pius XI, Evangelii praecones and Fidei donum by Pius XII, Princeps pastorum by John XXIII, and the decrees Ad gentes or Redemptoris missio by John Paul II unanimously speak on behalf of the need to create native Churches while respecting the culture and traditions of the nations undergoing missionary activity.

TRUDNE PUNKTY INKULTURACJI NA PRZYKŁADZIE MAŁŻEŃSTWA AFRYKAŃSKIEGO

Author(s): Franciszek Behrendt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2014

The first chapter of the study is devoted to the process of marriage and its symbol and ethics value according to the old African customs. The person who has gone an initiation ceremony becomes a different person. By closely observing the various sym- bols and experiencing the effects of the initiation he comes to know himself and the cultural riches of his people.In the second chapter author is looking for some ways how Church wanted to enter into no Christians with the Gospel and Canon Law. The Gospel was proclaimed by helping the people in their poverty, all kinds of illnesses, by schools, hospitals and preaching in the local languages.The challenges of different documents in the history of Church are bearing in mind numerous achievement on the eld of Africans and missionaries. An attempt was made to sketch the main doctrinal currents present in documents issued by pops in the histo- ry. The Church in Africa is striving to develop its own particular identity by seeking to interpret theology in the African context. Preaching and dialogue with the help of customs and inculturation may help to recognize Christ as God, who wants salvation of all the peoples.

WPŁYW MISJI KALIFORNIJSKICH NA POSTAĆ KULTURY AMERYKAŃSKIEJ

Author(s): Marek Grygiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2014

One of the phenomena that strongly in uenced the shape of the culture of the Uni- ted States, especially its western parts, were the so called “California Missions” . The presented article tries to give an answer to the question of the impact on the form of American culture that those California missions had. The arrival of missionaries from Europe, resulted in a huge change in the culture of the indigenous people living in the areas of the so called top California. It also ultimately shaped the range of phenomena that affected the character of the culture which is still visible to this day. Since the history of Indians is often said to have essential impact in the formation of the present generations, the role of missionaries that worked among different strains of them and their contribution in shaping the culture needs to be acknowledged. Regardless of the various theories that undermine the value of the work of evangelization of Native Ame- ricans , the missionaries contribution in changing their cultural habits is recognized. These changes were introduced through the implementation of European models of organization of life in society: the introduction of a system of values, laws, systems of work, methods of obtaining food, cultivation of plants, cattle breeding, education, organization of spare time. These factors often resulted in a rapid, both civilizational and cultural leap forward.

MISYJNE DROGI KOŚCIOŁÓW WSCHODNICH

Author(s): Stanisław Nabywaniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2014

The essence of mission in the realm of the Eastern tradition, i.e. that of the Byzantine, means to be a witness of God. According to the understanding of the Orthodox Church, mission is more centripetal than centrifugal. It depends on the internal strength of the Orthodoxy to draw people from outside into its core, instead of sending missio- naries inside out to beyond the boundaries the Church, in order to attract new followers. Orthodox churches of the Byzantine tradition, however, even in a period of internal dif culties, did not stop proclaiming the Gospel to the Gentiles. Their successes in mission works in the 9th century, bear great importance for Christianity - the future of Europe and its civilization.The Nestorian played a signi cant role in proclaiming the Gospel, particularly in Central Asia. In Byzantine, the missionary work was undertaken by Rus‘, rst by Kievan Rus‘, then by Vladimir-Suzdal Rus‘ and later on by Muscovy Rus‘. As a result, Christianity was spread throughout the entire European part of today‘s Russia, further on towards the boundary-less territories of Siberia, as well as Alaska, China, Korea and Japan. The rst Ruthenian missionary centers were mainly colonies of monks. But there were also centres composed of priests and lay people. After the success in the late Middle-Ages and early modern times, the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th and 18th centuries made little progress as far as missionary work is concerned. In the early 19th century, the Russian Orthodox Church underwent a spiritual renewal and had rediscovered the fullness of Orthodoxy. She „felt“ the need to share her faith with others. The establishment of the Orthodox Missionary Society in Moscow in 1870 had facilitated missionary activities of the Russian mission. However, the outbreak of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 had suddenly and brutally interrupted all missionary works of the Russian Orthodox Church. Instead, these activities were carried out by other Orthodox Churches.

Stosunek do ludzi starszych w starożytności klasycznej i chrześcijańskiej. Miscellanea. „Vox Patrum” 31:2011 t. 56. Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Ośrodek Badań nad Antykiem Chrześcijańskim. Lublin 2012 ss. 1014. Wydawnictwo KUL

Author(s): Marek Marczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2014

Mircea Remus Birtz, Manfred Kierein, Câteva succesiuni apostolice catoli- ce din România, Editura „Napoca Star”, Cluj-Napoca 2011, ss. 120

Author(s): Krzysztof R. Prokop / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

WOKÓŁ PLANÓW NOWEGO KSZTAŁTU RELACJI RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ ZE STOLICĄ APOSTOLSKĄ NA PROGU PANOWANIA STANISŁAWA AUGUSTA PONIATOWSKIEGO, 1764-1766

Author(s): Paweł Zając / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2016

The reforms advocated by the Czartoryski’s party at the convocation sejm of 1764 included ecclesiastical matters. The disputes between Polish nobles and clergy had centuries-old tradition and concerned such issues as dimes, ecclesiastical jurisdiction over lay nobility and taxation of ecclesiastical property, as well as jurisdiction executed by the papal nuncio in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The article focuses on main discussions concerning those issues between 1764 and 1766. It summarizes contemporary historiographic achievements and includes analysis of some hitherto unexplored sources (e.g. advices of Tommaso Antici addressed to the Polish king), which could illustrate furthermore the atmosphere of reforms typical of the early years of Stanislaus August Poniatowski as the king of Poland.

„... ZASTALIŚMY W ZAKRYSTII TURKA W ZAWOJU, Z BRODĄ OGROMNĄ”. ADAM PROSPER BURZYŃSKI OFM (1755-1830) JAKO PREFEKT APOSTOLSKI W EGIPCIE

Author(s): Tomasz Moskal / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2016

Władysław Adam Burzyński OFM (1755-1831), monk, missionary in Egypt, Sandomierz bishop. In the 1791 year began the missionary work in Egypt. During the campaign of Napoleon of Bonaparte, cooperated from fighting at the side of the emperor Gen Stanisław Zajączek. In years 1802- 1808 prefect apostolic, responsible for works missionary. Outstanding priest, made preacher.

DEKRETY SOBORÓW LATERAŃSKIEGO IV (1215) I TRYDENCKIEGO (1545-1563) W PERSPEKTYWIE HISTORYCZNO-TEOLOGICZNEJ

Author(s): Wojciech Zawadzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2016

In year 2015 falls the 800th anniversary of The Fourth Council of the Lateran deliberation and the 470th anniversary of The Council of Trent inauguration. There also exists a regular historical anniversary between the beginnings of these two, mentioned above. There has intervened exactly 330 years between year 1215 and 1545. The two Councils are set in two dissident historical and ecclesial contexts, which differed from one another in terms of duration, process, number of participants and the amount of the created decrees. Caring for a renewal and a reform of the Church are definitely aspects which connected all of them.This article organizes the knowledge referring to The Fourth Council of the Lateran and The Council of Trent, presenting it historical and theological perspectives.

Robert Romuald Kufel, Internat Biskupi i Małe Seminarium Duchowne we Wschowie (1946-1956), Agencja Wydawnicza „PDN”, Zielona Góra 2012, ss. 180, fot.

Author(s): Roland Prejs / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2016

Z teologii literatury, czyli krytyczne spojrzenie na twórczość ks. Stefana Radziszewskiego

Author(s): Jan Walkusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2016

Manifestari ale Facultatii de Teologie ortodoxa din Arad desfasurate in anul 2015

Author(s): Filip Albu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-03/2016

“Ilarion V. Felea” Orthodox Theology Faculty of the “Aurel Vlaicu” University in Arad concluded the year 2015 with a series of academic, spiritual and social events that emphasize the intense involvement of teachers and students in the process of shaping the theological future of priesthood, as well as social-cultural activities, which increases this institution’s contribution to promoting values of the Church not only locally and nationally, but also beyond the country’s borders. In structuring this material, we have managed to gather all own information published in the written and online media (especially websites such as: Basilica and the website of the Archbishopric of Arad, Lumina and Calea Mântuirii publications), laid out in chronological order, resembling an „institutional logbook”.

Viața spirituală și ethosul misionar în închisorile comuniste. Studiu de caz:Închisoarea Târgu-Ocna între anii 1950-1953

Author(s): Dragos-Dumitru Ursu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2015

At the beginning of the 1950s, the Târgu Ocna sanatorium prison represented a place of spiritual recovery for the prisoners that had passed through the hell of the Pitești re-education. Using the knowledge and the mystical experience gained in the Aiud penitenciary during the Antonescu period (the beginning of the 1940s), prisoners Ioan Ianolide, Valeriu Gafencu and Gheorghe Jimboiu became a focus point of spiritual life for the other prisoners at Târgu Ocna. Solidarity, cultural effervescence and spiritual effort accompanied by the practice of the Prayer of the Heart individualized the prison of Târgu Ocna within the memory of the Romanian Gulag. Using archive sources (individual files from the Archive of the National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives), along with memoralistic literature, the paper proposes to radiograph the spiritual life of the Târgu Ocna political prisoners within the larger context of spiritual resistance to communism. Transfiguration of suffering, detachment from the political struggle and the complete assumption of the spiritual warfare have defined the „resistance through faith” of the imprisoned.

Docentura etatowa z historii sztuki kościelnej i liturgiki na Wydziale Teologicznym Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie

Author(s): Piotr Wisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2010

Tenure in History of Sacred Art and Liturgy existed on Faculty of Theology at Jagiellonian University since academic year 1945/1946. Tadeusz Kruszynski was in charge of this faculty. The tenure was given by the Ministry of Education against the opinion of the faculty which demanded both reactivation of the Chair of History of Sacred Art and professor's nomination for T. Kruszynski. Tenure in History of Sacred Art and Liturgy existed until 1954 when it was eliminated by the communists. T. Kruszynski, regardless of the faculty request, was not given the title of associate professor or professor.

Represyjna polityka władzy komunistycznej wobec planów budownictwa sakralnego oraz istniejących świątyń Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w rzeszowskiem: 1944-1968

Author(s): Agata Rak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2010

The article presents problems related to repression performed by the communistic authority towards Catholic Church in Rzeszow region (1944-1968). The author stresses repressive policy towards sacral architecture. She discusses, on the concrete cases, administrative and political barriers referring to the lack of planning permission for new churches and permission for operation of the already existing churches.

Sprawozdanie z działalności dydaktyczno-naukowej Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego w Rzeszowie za rok akademicki 2008

Author(s): Andrzej Widak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2009

Das „Religions-Gemeng“ in Siebenbürgen im Reisebericht des lutherischen Theologen Conrad Jacob Hiltebrandt

Author(s): Gábor Kármán / Language(s): German Issue: _/2014

In Siebenbürgen gebe es „solch ein Religions-Gemeng“, dass man „fast ale tage frembde Götten ehren sahe“. Diese ironische Bemerkung stammt von Conrad Jacob Hiltebrandt (1629-1679), einem aus Stettin gebürtigen evangelisch-lutherischen Theologiestudenten, der in der Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts durch Siebenbürgen gereist ist. Sein Reisebericht gehört zu den seltenen Aussagen eines Außenstehenden, jedoch Kenners der Thematik und Problematik, über den Alltag in der multikonfessionellen Region Siebenbürgen. Zum einen ist zu vermuten, dass sich der Verfasser, seiner Ausbildung und seinen Interessengebietenentsprechend, ernsthafter mit Fragen der Konfessionen und des religiösen Lebens in Siebenbürgen auseinandergesetzt hat als seine weltlichen Zeitgenossen. Zum anderen wurde von der Leserschaft des angehenden Theologen neben der reinen Berichterstattung zu Recht auch eine Bewertung dieses Nebeneinanders der Konfessionen in Siebenbürgen erwartet. Umso mehr, als Hiltebrandt aus dem unter schwedischer Herrschaft stehenden Stettin, also aus einem Umfeld stammte, das sich der lutherischen Lehre verpflichtet hatte und für andere Konfessionen nur wenig Verständnis aufbrachte.

НА ЧТО УКАЗЫВАЕТ ИСПРАВЛЕННЫЙ ТЕКСТ?

Author(s): Pavel Butakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

Available manuscripts of Paul’s First Epistle to the Corinthians have a variant reading of Jesus’ words at the Last Supper in 11:24. The longer reading contains “take, eat” while the shorter reading does not. The two readings have a noticeable difference in meaning. The longer one highlights the individual value of the Eucharist; the shorter version, however, favors its institutional significance. The existence of both readings can be interpreted as a witness to an ideological dynamics in the early church. Depending on which of the two readings is considered prior, the church history would be seen either as an increase of clerical authority, or as an increase of value of the individual.