ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ СТРУКТУРНИХ ПЕРЕТВОРЕНЬ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЗАЛІЗНИЦЬ

Author(s): Olga Stasyuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 37/2018

The institutional problems that accompany the process of structural reforms in the railway transport of Ukraine are considered at the article. Purpose of the article. The main institutional problems of the Ukrainian railways at the sectoral, national and European levels in the context of structural changes and to reveal the importance of state regulation of these processes in the industry are consider. Objectives of the research. The main tasks are: 1) to analyze the formal institutions that were adopted with the purpose of structural transformation in the industry; 2) to determine the role of the state in the implementation of structural transformations; 3) to summarize the institutional problems of the reform process and institutional adaptation of EU legislation. Methods of research. The structural-logical, economic and statistical, comparative methods are used in Article. Results of research. The main institutional problems of railway transport at the sectoral, national and European levels are generalized. The need of the updating of the institutional environment for structural reforms, including in terms of implementation of European directives and regulations are accelerate. An active position and support of the state is necessary. The field of application of results. The obtained results can be used by the Ministry of Infrastructure, implementing the state policy in the field of railway transport, in the process of developing and adapting formal institutions for the implementation of structural reforms in railway transports. Conclusions. The institutional problems make the dynamic process of structural changes in railway impossible. It creates a threat to the implementation of structural reforms in the long run. The elimination of the contradictions between the functioning institutional environment and the market structure will ensure the effective formation and organization of relations between actors in the process of developing the transportation market.This is due to the transformational changes in institutions. The state must directly participate in the process of structural transformation and the formation of a competitive environment in railway transport. This is especially true in the process of forming an institutional environment. Therefore, the necessary direction of its improvement should be the creation of clear and fair formal rules of operation in the railroad market for all entities. The state must directly participate in the process of structural transformation and the formation of a competitive environment in railway. This is especially true of the process of institutional environment formation. Therefore, the necessary direction for its improvement should be the creation of clear and fair formal rules of operation in the rail market for all entities.

ЈЕРУСАЛИМСКИ “ЕЛАБОРАТ ЗА ОБНОВУ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ” ИЗ 1942. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Muhidin Pelesić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 27/1991

Among the number of projects, studies, plans and memoirs on the internal structure of Yugoslavia after the World War II, written in the occupied country and among the circles of the government in exile, the "Proposal for the Renewal of Yugoslavia" by Grujo S. Grčić, the then adviser to the Ministry of Trade and Industry in the Royal Yugoslav Government, was left unobserved. Grčić finished his "Proposal” on April 8, 1942, in Jerusalem.

Југословенска дипломатија 1945-1961.

Author(s): / Language(s): Croatian,Russian,Serbian

У српској/југословенској и светској историографији већ је уочен значај изучавања спољне политике и позиције социјалистичке Југославије. Научници су обраћали пажњу на важност југословенско-совјетских сукоба 1948. и 1958. године, велику улогу Југославијеу стварању покрета несврстаних земаља, стварање Балканског пакта 1953/54, проучавање односа Југославије и великих сила (блокова) и позиције Југославије у хладном рату, на место које је имао Јосип Броз као државник у послератном свету, улогу Југославије у великим кризама хладноратовског периода (тршћанска криза, Корејски рат, догађаји у Мађарској 1956, окупација Чехословачке 1968), свестрану научну, културну и техничку сарадњу Југославије са иностранством... [...]

ЊЕМАЧКА ПРОЦЈЕНА ВОЈНОПОЛИТИЧКЕ СИТУАЦИЈЕ У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ И РЕАГОВАЊЕ ОКУПАТОРА И ДОМАЋИХ КОНТРАРЕВОЛУЦИОНАРНИХ СНАГА НA ОДЛУКЕ ДРУГОГ ЗАСЈЕДАЊА АВНОЈ-а

Author(s): Rafael Brčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 20/1984

The German assessment of the military and political situation in Yugoslavia in the fall of 1943 proceeded from the situation at the world fronts and the Yugoslav war theatre which had become very important for the Nazis. This territory should have been under their full control, mostly because of two basic reasons. Firstly, because of the danger of the Western Allies possible landing »somewhere at the Balkans«, and, secondly, because resources on the East, from where the Nazi armies had been pushed back, dried out.

ШЕСТ ЗАБЛУДА РЕЛЕВАНТНИХ ЗА ПОПУЛАЦИОНУ ПОЛИТИКУ

Author(s): Mirjana M. Rašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 127/2009

Population fertility is a topic which arouses the most attention in the public when considering the demographic situation in Serbia. Through various institutions and mass media, there is more and more talk on the low level of births, its reasons and consequences as well as the need to solve this problem. However, the beginnings of forming a population climate are accompanied by a series of thoughts, standpoints and assertions among experts and politicians which demographers define as misjudgements. This paper tries to indicate to the six most common significant incorrect convictions which are relevant for defining and carrying out of a population policy. It is believed that highly emotional evaluation of the phenomenon of insufficient births provokes a lot of thought on this matter, reasons and solutions are sought, and the problem is even minimized due to a feeling of helplessness when facing it, even outside demographic circles, namely among highly educated people who do not have specific knowledge. Nevertheless, these misjudgements should be corrected, because the biggest problem facing the population policy is in fact connected to forming individual and social reproductive consciousness.

Шест прашања за грчката криза што се тешки за одговарање

Author(s): Alekos Alavanos / Language(s): English,Macedonian Issue: 1-2/2015

Alexandros ‘Alekos’ Alavanos is a Greek politician, former member of the Hellenic Parliament and the European Parliament. From 2004 until 2008 he was president of the Coalition of the Left of Movements and Ecology, commonly known as Synaspismos. He was parliamentary leader of the wider Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA). Now he is active in the political movement Plan B. Transcription of a lecture given on March 28th 2015, within the framework of “The School of Politic and Critique 2015” organized by ISSHS with the support of Rosa Luxemburg Foundation-Southeast Europe.The lecture was before the agreement of Syriza-Anel government with the troika EZ - ECB - IMF for the continuation of the bail out program (memorandum) at the beginning of July 2016.

Шеста дискусия: Гражданските протести: в защита на имиграцията, против имиграцията.

Author(s): Svetla Encheva,Anna Krasteva,Zvezda Vankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 41/2013

Шиизмът – религиозната форма на идеята за социална промяна

Author(s): Bogdana Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Iran is the bosom of Shi'a. The article aims to trace and analyze the role and place of Islam in Iran, to consider the dogmatic differences between Sunnis and Shiites in the context of the geostrategic rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia. It has been suggested that Shiism is the religious form of the idea of social change through an interdisciplinary and problem-thematic approach. Original ideas and literature have been proposed to enrich the Bulgarian scientific knowledge of Shiite Islam, with a scientifically applied effect.

Шляхи реформування системи аудиту в України

Author(s): Hryhorii Davydov,Olena Petryk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 22/2012

The proposals for a development of the national audit system in Ukraine with due regard for a demands of European parliament’s Directives have been disclosed in the article. The components of management system of auditing, audit’s infrastructure, variants of organization the public oversight system have been proposed.

Шокова политика

Author(s): Genko Genkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

In the paper are presented three ideas relevant to topical social problems. On the basis of philosophical interpretation of the Gauss’s law for normal distribution of mass phenomena the author makes conclusions for the representativeness of political ideologies in society. The second idea is the ideal state – it is considered as a mathematical model of the future. The third idea is oriented to the scientific management of a future state

ЩE ПОДОБРИ ЛИ БЪЛГАРСКАТА ЗДРАВНА СИСТЕМА ВЪВЕЖДАНЕТО НА ЗДРАВНИЯ ОМБУДСМАН?

Author(s): Iva Ilianova Chavkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The Ombudsman of the Republic of Bulgaria (ORB) is a state institution established on the model of other countries in the European Union and the United States. The ORB is an independent constitutional body elected by the Bulgarian Parliament in 2005. Bulgarian citizens as health care users often complain about the lack of sufficient health information, efficient access to health care services, and even out-of-pocket payments. The above mentioned raises the need for the introduction of an institution in support of the ORB, defined as a health ombudsman (HO), similar to the one already established in many European countries. The introduction of HO in Bulgarian healthcare would lead to a significant improvement in the quality of healthcare services in the country and in the Bulgarian healthcare system as a whole. Additionally, the HO will ensure the implementation of a fair and effective health policy while at the same time playing a linkage role between hospitals and health care users.

Що е то „популизъм“ и има ли почва в съвременния свят?

Author(s): Petar-Emil Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2017

Populism as a phenomenon of modern society is fueled by a number of factors – the „rebellion of the masses“, the communication revolution, the globalization and the simultaneous polarization of the world. All of this in turn creates huge and expanding space for ideological substitutes.The author defines populism as a characteristic of political behavior that short- ens the gap between „politicians” and „the people” by eliminating the elite and uncritically accepting mass demands, attitudes and stereotypes. In populism, priority is given to short-term effects as a basis for policy decisions, as well as simplified, one-sided „views” of long-term problems. Populism is a double rejection of the elite – as a privileged social group and as a carrier of specific knowledge.Two types of populism are defined. The first one is tactical, where in a political platform or in a specific political action mass expectations are imposed in order to provide a rating effect. The second one is strategic (positive and negative), where rating decisions are not the „garnish", but the principle, the structure defining factor.The author seeks to answer the questions whether populism is only political stylistics or is it a political ideology and what its historical perspective is.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ЖЕНСКОГО ВОПРОСА В РОССИЙСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ (1900—2020)

Author(s): Olga Anatolevna Khasbulatova,Inna N. Smirnova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

Women’s issues have existed in the politics and social practice of Russian society for more than 150 years. The women’s issues combine the legal status, social position of women in society and the family. The authorities, political parties, progressive intellectuals, women’s groups and other sectors of society have contributed to tackling women’s issues throughout history. The authors made use of a wide range of historical and sociological documents as well as analyzed a large amount of sources both of historical and sociological character. The academic analysis revealed that the development of social awareness about equality between women and men spans several generations. There are stereotypes about social roles that still exist in Russian society: men are involved in politics and governance; women work, raise children and maintain the household. In modern society, equality between women and men has been achieved at the legal level but the women’s issues have not been resolved. The myth of equality between women and men still exists. The creation of the myth is based on the ingrained ideology, ability to change and stereotypes. Therefore, the researchers concluded that the women’s issues in Russia have not been completely resolved. Russia’s approach to tackling the women’s issues means that equality between women and men is legally enforceable but women face discrimination in the areas of governance and family relations. The authors believe that the state, society and researchers should help the new generation of boys and girls to get rid of stereotypes. It is important to educate young people and create equal conditions for selfrealization in all spheres of society.

Экономическое право как концепт эпохи

Author(s): Elena M. Ashmarina,Victor N. Saveliev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

The article justifies the expediency of the doctrinal recognition of economic law, its universal nature,manifested in the process of legal regulation of economic relations, both at the level of nationaleconomies and in modern geoeconomics.

Эмпирическое исследование уровня рефлексивности и гибкости поведения учителей средней школы

Author(s): Karina Ostapienko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The publication content includes the description of methodology and results for empirical research of relationship between secondary school teachers reflexivity and flexibility of behavior. The objective of the research is to describe and to explain the relationship character and mechanisms between reflexivity and flexibility of behavior. The materials used: reflectivity level determination method (А.В. Карпов, В.В. Понаморева, 2000); and the scale «flexibility of behavior» from the self-actualization test (САТ) (Personal Orientation Inventory – POI; 1987, E. Shostrom, modified by E. Alyoshina, L. Gozman, M. Zagik, M. Kroz). The selection was defined and reasoned. The achieved empirical data was processed with SPSS 17 software. The results were analyzed and interpreted. Relationship between reflexivity and flexibility of behavior was stated. 80 school teachers were recruited for this research: a group of 30-40-year old people (40 people; age median 37 years) and a group of 50-60-year old people, (40 people; age median 56 years).

ЭТОС ВОЕНАЧАЛЬНИКА В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ВОЙНАХ (ПО ВОСПОМИНАНИЯМ КОМАНДУЮЩИХ ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМ КОНТИНГЕНТОМ СОВЕТСКИХ ВОЙСК В АФГАНИСТАНЕ И ОБЪЕДИНЕННОЙ ГРУППИРОВКОЙ ВОЙСК В ЧЕЧНЕ)

Author(s): Andrey Menshikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2022

While modern normative approaches to ethics of war (just war theories) stumble over theoretical aporia of legitimating “collective organized violence” such as the war, anthropological approaches to the practical ethics of the military servicemen focus on the lived moral experience and the enacted values of individuals who were placed in the situation of “total violence”. Drawing on the memoirs of two generals who were Commanders-in-Chief in Afghanistan (B. Gromov) and in Chechnya (G. Troshev), the article explores the ethos of military leadership in modern warfare. The article demonstrates that strategic planning of military operations is inseparable from political goals and, therefore, involves military leadership in reflection on whether political goals are legitimate, whether national (and international) civil society should give its support to the military, whether military means are the best option for solving the crisis, and whether there is a viable exit strategy. Both generals declare the fundamental principle of sparing as many lives of their troops as possible in achieving their military objectives. But this principle, in the first case, leads to various attempts at “freezing” hostilities between opposing forces, whereas in the second step it requires ultimate destruction of the enemy no matter the cost. Thus, the text argues that the ethics of war and the ethos of the military leadership are determined by the way their opponent is framed by the political leadership. In both generals’ view, military hostilities ultimately result from political failures.

Эхо партийного менеджмента: доверие московской молодёжи к Государственной Думе Российской Федерации

Author(s): Sergej Fedorčenko,Sergej Mjakotin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article is based on the results of sociological research of the youth from the city of Moscow. The analysis showed that there is some duality in Moscow youth’s opinions in relation to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The researchers concluded that in contrast to public sector employees, who support the political course of the current president and are ready to vote for the party „United Russia”, young people from the private sector are more interested in politics, although their criticism of parliamentarism. However, young people from the public sector are less interested in politics and endorses to a greater or lesser extent the work of the State Duma of Russia, believing that it represents the interests of ordinary people.

Южнокавказкото направление в политиката на добросъседство на ЕС - проблеми и предизвикателства

Author(s): Marieta Rabohchiyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The latest EU enlargement waves are to the East, its energy interests and the growing attention on some security matters are leading to increasingly active policy towards the countries of the South Caucasus. The European Parliament first called for several initiatives established later on by the EU, including the appointment in 2003 of an EU Special Representative for the region and the inclusion of the three countries - Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2004, and in particular in a newer initiative named the Eastern Partnership in 2009.

Юридическое образование в высших учебных заведениях Украины: идеи гуманизации и демократизации

Author(s): E. V. Fathutdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2013

In the article the ideas of humanizing and democratization of legal education are examined in higher educational establishments of Ukraine. An author compares the soviet system of education to European one, analyses positive moments and failings in the modern system education. A purpose of this work is systematization of idea of humanizing of legal education in higher educational establishments of Ukraine with suggestions of practical application in pedagogical activity.

Якість життя та соціальна політика в концепції людського потенціалу

Author(s): Roman Yakovenko,J. Shorokhova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 22/2012

The article looks out the problems of level of living and poverty of Ukrainian population according to the features of development of socially-economic processes nowadays.