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Ugovori o socijalnom osiguranju između država sljednica bivše SFR Jugoslavije i stjecanje mirovine zbrajanjem staža iz više država sljednica

Author(s): Mihovil Rismondo / Language(s): Croatian

Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, its successor states have regulated their pension insurance relations by bilateral social security agreements. Such agreements regulate the relations between two countries; therefore, a problem of aggregation of the insurance periods acquired in third–country–successor states occurred, which periods are requisite for granting of the pension entitlement. Therefore, the author suggests the application of the Convention ILO no. 48 Concerning the Establishment of an International Scheme for the Maintenance of rights under Invalidity, Old–age and Widows’ and Orphans’ Insurance, 1935, applicable to all successor–states of the former Yugoslavia.

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Iskustva i problemi decentralizacije u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Nives Kopajtich-Škrlec / Language(s): Croatian

The text gives a short overview of Croatian experiences in the process of decentralization since establishment of local government system in 1992 until today. This process is characterized with a principle readiness to decentralize tasks, authorities, competences as well as financial resources and to strengthen local government units – in the first place cities, as gravitational and economic centres. Unfortunately, systematic and well-thought decentralization of tasks and strengthening of local government capacities are missing in practice due to various factors and reasons, primarily and insurmountably due to the loss of dialogue, understanding and trust between state and local government. Throughout this period, a serious decentralization was noted in 2001, when authorities in primary and secondary education, health and social welfare were transferred to cities and counties; and in 2005 when pursuant to the Law on Local and Regional Government, the unanimous and monotype concept of local government, in which all local governments regardless of their diversity and diametrically opposed potentials have the same status, rights and responsibilities – was aborted. The process of decentralization continued in 2008 in the sphere of spatial planning and construction, when large cities, county seats and counties were given the authorities to issue construction permits and acts. One of the largest concerns and common practice in Croatia is the fact that decentralization of tasks is not followed by fiscal decentralization, necessary to organize successful delivery of decentralized services and that cities are expected to support financially the decentralized tasks, regardless of their already weakened fiscal potential. On the other hand, cities suffer from the decrease of their budgetary income and insufficient financial capacities to ensure regular ever-growing expenditures. Therefore, the Association of Cities, national and non-partisan organization of cities in Croatia, supports joint efforts to harmonize legislative framework of local government system with the European Charter on Local Self-Government in order to ensure consultations between central state and local government bodies.

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Princip slobodnog mandata u Ustavima Republike Srbije od 1990. i 2006. godine

Author(s): Đorđe Marković / Language(s): Serbian

The Constitution principle of a free parliamentary mandate is one of the basic principles of modern constitution democracy. This principle guarantees to national deputies independence from outside influences, in fact their freedom of conscience. Nevertheless, if we consider political reality, the main forces in the modern parliaments are political parties. However, the Constitution should provide freedom for deputies’ actions in the parliament, because this principle is their’s the first and the last defence. With the Constitution from 1990, the Republic of Serbia re-establish the liberal-democratic type of constitutionality. Despite this, the Constitution didn’t define explicitly the legal nature of relation between the voters and their elected representatives. This vagueness caused a number of problems in the functioning of the National Assembly in the period from 1990 to 2006. It was expected that the new Constitution will put an end to doubts about the nature of parliamentary mandate, but this did not happen. Unfortunately, the party imperative mandate became a constitutional category, which is a step backwards compared to the Constitution from 1990 (Art. 102 para. 2). From the moment of adoption of the Constitution from 2006, began the struggle of political parties to usurp the sovereignty and to subordinate authority itself.

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Izvještaj organizacija civilnog društva (OCD) o provedbi Akcionog plana za provedbu Strategije za reformu sektora pravde (SRSP) u BiH (2010)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Početkom 2010. godine potpisan je Memorandum o uspostavi mehanizama za praćenje i procjenu provođenja Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini (SRSP-a) sa predsjedavajućim Konferencije ministara pravde u BiH i predsjednicima Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH i Pravosudne komisije Distrikta Brčko BiH. Uspostavljeni mehanizam je jedinstven ne samo u BiH, već i u zemljama u okruženju, te se kao takav oslanja na najbolje prakse demokratskih društava zapadne Evrope u pogledu participativnog monitoringa i evaluacije javnih politika od strane organizacija civilnog društva (u daljem tekstu: OCD). Memorandumom je utvrđena odgovornost pet organizacija civilnog društva za sistematsko praćenje i procjenu provedbe reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u BiH, a to su Asocijacija za demokratske inicijative - ADI, Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini - HK BiH, Udruženje „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine-, Biro za ljudska prava Tuzla i Centri civilnih inicijativa - CCI. Oslanjajući se na višegodišnje zagovaračko iskustvo u području demokratizacije i zaštite ljudskih prava, te na poznavanje problematike u sektoru pravde u BiH, ove su se organizacije uključile u proces praćenja, evaluacije i izvještavanja o ovoj važnoj reformskoj politici, kako bi na taj način doprinijele što efikasnijoj uspostavi sistema pravde u BiH, koji je odgovoran prema svim građanima BiH, u potpunosti usklađen sa EU standardima i najboljom praksom, te garantuje vladavinu zakona u našoj zemlji. Uspostavljanje mehanizma procjene i praćenja provedbe SRSP-a za organizacije civilnog društva predstavlja pokazatelj pozitivnih promjena i otvaranja institucija u sektom pravde u BiH. Tom je dodatna potvrda i Memorandum za uspostavu donatorskog fonda za provođenje AP SRSP u BiH, na koji je nedavno, nakon dužeg vremena, data saglasnost svih institucija u sektom pravde u BiH. Ovim Memorandumom je predviđeno da se iz sredstava budućeg SRSP Fonda izdvoji cca 30.000,00 EUR na godišnjem nivou za OCD, koje su uključene u proces praćenja i ocjene provođenja SRSP u BiH. U proteklih dvanaest mjeseci, navedenih pet organizacija civilnog društva izradilo je dva tromjesečna i jedan polugodišnji izvještaj o praćenju i procjeni provođenja AP SRSP u BiH. Ovaj godišnji izvještaj OCD-a predstavlja nezavisnu procjenu provedbe reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana SRSP-a od strane nadležnih institucija za period 1. januara - 31.decembra 2010. godine. Svaka se organizacija obavezala na praćenje provedbe SRSP u okvim pojedinog strateškog stuba, što se podudara s prioritetnim podmčjem djelovanja svake organizacije. Tako ADI prati reformske aktivnosti vezane uz Stub 1 - Pravosuđe: Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava prati Stub 2 - Izvršenje krivičnih sankcija: Udruženje „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine- se fokusira na Stub 3 - Pristup pravdi; Biro za ljudska prava Tuzla prati Stub 4 - Podrška ekonomskom rastu, a organizacija Centri civilnih inicijativa analizira mjere utvrđene u okvim Stuba 5 - Dobro rukovođen i koordiniran sektor. Na osnovu niza uspostavljenih kontakata i razmjene informacija tokom proteklih godinu dana, može se konstatovati da postoji adekvatan nivo otvorenosti institucija prema saradnji sa OCD na samom praćenju reforme SRSP, a praktični izazovi koji su se javili prilikom prikupljanja i analize prvenstveno su povezani sa institucionalnim izazovima same provedbe ove izrazito važne reforme. Za njenu pravovremenu realizaciju potrebno je osigurati punu posvećenost i kapacitete svih institucija sektora pravde u BiH, u skladu sa revidiranim Akcionim planom i pripadajućim rokovima za implementaciju planiranih aktivnosti. Osvrćući se na protekli izvještajni period septembar - decembar 2010. godine, zaključak je da nije došlo do značajnih pomaka u realizaciji mjera i aktivnosti AP SRSP-a. Do velikog zastoja u implementaciji najvećeg broja aktivnosti došlo je zbog nedavno provedenih Općih izbora u BiH, što je pojedinim institucijama u sektoru pravde poslužilo kao izgovor za neprovođenje reformskih mjera i aktivnosti. Također, nedostatak resursa (ljudskih i finansijskih), još uvijek nedovoljna i neefikasna horizontalna i vertikalna koordinacija, ali i određeni politički otpori, značajno su usporili blagovremenu i dosljednu provedbu reformi u sektoru pravde u BiH. Analizirajući ostvarene pomake u proteklom izvještajnom periodu, dolazi se do zaključka kako se reforme, uslijed sve očiglednijeg nedostatka političke podrške, odvijaju isključivo na operativno-tehničkom nivou, odnosno pokušavaju se provesti mjere i aktivnosti za koje se smatra da su manje „politične", što se neminovno odražava i na krajnje limitirani napredak. Konačno, kao potvrda ove konstatacije dolazi i Izvještaj o napretku Evropske komisije za 2010. godinu, gdje se također nedvosmisleno ukazuje na značajno usporavanje reformi u sektoru pravde u BiH. lako je od usvajanja SRSP u BiH implementiran određeni broj planiranih aktivnosti, proces provedbe Akcionog plana Strategije karakteriše niz poteškoća koje se, između ostalog, ogledaju u još uvijek nedovoljnim institucionalnim kapacitetima za planiranje i analizu, još uvijek nedovoljno efikasnom sistemu horizontalne, a naročito vertikalne sektorske koordinacije i saradnje na nivou BiH, entiteta, kantona i Brčko Distrikta BiH, nedovoljnom stepenu posvećenosti, kako u samoj implementaciji utvrđenih SRSP aktivnosti, tako i procesu praćenja, procjene i izvještavanja o njezinoj realizaciji. Također, analizirajući izvještaje Tehničkog sekretarijata za praćenje provođenja AP SRSP u BiH, dolazi se do zaključka da ne postoji ujednačen stepen njihove realizacije na nivou BiH, entiteta, kantona i Brčko Distrikta BiH. Ukoliko se ovakav trend nastavi, moglo bi se desiti da oni nivoi vlasti u BiH čija kontinuirana predanost provedbi AP SRSP mjera i aktivnosti izostaje, i koji uslijed toga značajno zaostanu u realizaciji reforme, u značajnoj mjeri naruše koherentnost cjelokupnog sistema pravde u BiH. Krajnje zabrinjava da je, uvidom u prijedloge godišnjih budžeta pojedinih instititucija sektora pravde u BiH za 2011. godinu, bilo nemoguće utvrditi bilo kakvu vezu između podnijetih budžetskih zahtjeva tih institucija i aktivnosti iz AP SRSP u BiH koje se trebaju provoditi u 2011. godini (detaljnije informacije sadržane su u Izvještaju za strateški stub 1 - pravosuđe). Shodno tome, krajnje je upitno da li institucije sektora pravde u BiH i kojim intenzitetom uopće namjeravaju provoditi aktivnosti iz AP SRSP u toku 2011. godine. Ovakav "propust" institucija sektora pravde je nedopustiv, posebno ako se ima u vidu da im je putem projekta tehničke pomoći Španske Agencije za međunarodni razvoj i saradnju (AECID) pružena podrška u izradi srednjoročnih institucionalnih strateških planova i njihovom povezivanju sa srednjoročnim budžetskim okvirom. Također, neophodno je naglasiti da je u potpunosti izostala saradnja Federalnog ministarstva pravde i Ministarstva pravde RS na izradi institucionalnih strateških planova u okviru pomenutog projekta AECID-a. Ukoliko hitno ne dođe do promjene postojećeg kursa i osiguranja nedvosmislene političke podrške realizaciji AP SRSP u BiH od strane entitetskih ministara pravde u BiH, sasvim je izvjestan scenarij prema kojem će ova dva ministarstva pravde postati „uskim grlom* dalje realizacije AP SRSP u BiH i time značajno otežati ispunjavanje ovog veoma zahtjevnog reformskog procesa. Ključni izazovi u provedbi AP SRSP koji su uticali i na efikasnost praćenja od strane OCD ostali su gotovo nepromijenjeni tijekom cijele godine. Neodazivanje pojedinih institucija sektora pravde u BiH sastancima funkcionalnih radnih grupa, nedostavljanje ili značajna kašnjenja u dostavi izvještaja o realizaciji aktivnosti pojedinih institucija Tehničkoim sekretarijatu, šturost informacija sadržanih u većini dostavljenih institucionalnih izvještaja, nedovoljan angažman entitetskih ministarstava pravde i Pravosudne komisije Brčko Distrikta BiH u radu Tehničkog sekretarijata za praćenje provedbe SRSP, te još uvijek nedovoljno jačanje institucionalnih kapaciteta za strateško planiranje, analizu politika i upravljanje projektnim ciklusom u entitetskim ministarstvima pravde u BiH i PK BD BiH, i dalje predstavljaju nepremostivu prepreku značajnijim pomacima u ostvarenju zacrtanih reformi. Zabrinjava i činjenica da se određeni broj reformskih aktivnosti nastoji revidirati ili u potpunosti eliminisati bez poštivanja utvrđenih procedura revizije AP SRSP u BiH, na što se ukazuje u izvještajima za pojedinačne strateške stubove (npr. Izvještaj za strateški stub 2 - Izvršenje krivičnih sankcija). U svrhu povećanja odgovornosti i kvalitete provedbe reforme od strane nadležnih institucija, nosioci vlasti u BiH bi u narednom periodu trebali uložiti dodatne napore na jačanju kapaciteta ureda za reviziju fmansijskog poslovanja u BiH u pogledu provođenja revizije učinaka za ključne programe AP SRSP.

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Izvještaj organizacija civilnog društva (OCD) o provedbi Akcionog plana za provedbu Strategije za reformu sektora pravde (SRSP) u BiH (01.01.2010. – 30.06.2010.)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Potpisivanjem Memoranduma o uspostavljanju mehanizama za praćenje i ocjenu provođenja Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini (SRSP-a) sa Ministarstvom pravde BiH u januaru 2010. godine, utvrđena je odgovornost pet organizacija civilnog društva za sistematsko praćenje i ocjenu provedbe reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u BiH - Asocijacije za demokratske inicijative - ADI, Helsinškog komiteta za ljudska prava Bosne i Hercegovine • HK BiH, Udruženja „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine", Biroa za ljudska prava Tuzla i Centra civilnih inicijativa - CCI. Oslanjajući se na višegodišnje zagovaračko iskustvo u području demokratizacije i zaštite ljudskih prava, te poznavanje problematike u sektoru pravde u BiH, ove su se organizacije uključile u proces izvještavanja sa ciljem da doprinesu izgradnji nezavisnog, koordiniranog i efikasnog sistema pravde u BiH koji je odgovoran prema svim građanima BiH, potpuno usklađen sa EU standardima i najboljom praksom te garantuje vladavinu zakona. Uspostavljanje mehanizma procjene i praćenja provedbe SRSP-a za organizacije civilnog društva predstavlja pokazatelj pozitivnih promjena i otvaranja institucija u sektoru pravde u BiH. Dodatnu potvrdu otvorenosti i spremnosti na saradnju institucija sektora pravde u BiH sa civilnim društvom predstavlja nedavno usaglašeni Memorandum za uspostavu donatoskog fonda za provođenje AP SRSP u BiH, u okviru kojeg je predviđeno da se iz sredstava budućeg fonda izdvoji cca 30.000,00 EUR godišnje za OCD koje su uključene proces praćenja i ocjene provođenja SRSP u BiH. Drugi zajednički izvještaj OCD-a predstavlja procjenu provedbe reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana SRSP-a od strane nadležnih institucija za period 1. januara - 30. juna 2010. godine. Svaka se organizacija obavezala na praćenje provedbe SRSP u okviru pojedinog strateškog stuba, što se uveliko podudara s prioritetnim područjem djelovanja svake organizacije. Tako ADI (Asocijacija za demokratske inicijative) prati reformske aktivnosti vezane uz Stub 1 -Pravosuđe; Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava prati Stub 2 - Izvršenje krivičnih sankcija; Udruženje „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine" se fokusira na Stub 3 - Pristup pravdi; Biro za ljudska prava Tuzla prati Stub 4 - Podrška ekonomskom rastu, a CCI (Centri civilnih inicijativa) analizira mjere utvrđene u okviru Stuba 5 - Dobro rukovođen i koordiniran sektor. U svim kontaktima i na radnim sastancima koje su OCD ostvarile s predstavnicima nadležnih institucija za provedbu SRSP u proteklom razdoblju, izražena je podrška praćenju od strane OCD i spremnost na suradnju svih institucija sektora pravde u BiH, te njihova uključenost u proces provedbe SRSP u BiH. Na samom početku rada OCD u ovom procesu, može se konstatovati da postoji adekvatni nivo otvorenosti institucija prema suradnji s OCD na samom praćenju reforme SRSP, a praktični izazovi koji su se javili prilikom prikupljanja i analize prvenstveno su povezani sa institucionalnim izazovima same provedbe ove izrazito važne reforme koja je trebala biti inicijator i pokretač bržeg pristupa BiH ka euroatlanskim integracijama i njenom punopravnom članstvu u EU. Da bi se to i ostvarilo, potrebno je osigurati punu posvećenost i kapacitiranost svih institucija sektora pravde u BiH u njenoj dosljednoj i pravovremenoj realizaciji, sukladno revidiranom Akcionom planu, te rokovima koji su dati u tom planu. U odnosu na prošli izvještaj, glavni izazovi u provedbi SRSP koji su utjecali i na efikasnost praćenja od strane OCD su ostali isti. Neodazivanje pojedinih institucija sektora pravde u BiH sastancima funkcionalnih radnih grupa, nedostavljanje ili značajna kašnjenja u dostavi izvještaja o realizaciji aktivnosti pojedinih institucija Tehničkoim sekretarijatu, šturost informacija sadržanih u većini dostavljenih institucionalnih izvještaja, nedovoljan angažman entitetskih ministarstava pravde i Pravosudne komisije Brčko Distrikta BiH u radu Tehničkog sekretarijata za praćenje provedbe SRSP (kako tijekom 2009. godine, tako i u ovom izvještajnom periodu) te još uvijek nedovoljno jačanje institucionalnih kapaciteta za strateško planiranje i analizu politika u entitetskim ministarstvima pravde u BiH i PK BD BiH. lako je od usvajanja SRSP u BiH implementiran određeni broj planiranih aktivnosti, ipak se može zaključiti da proces provedbe Akcionog plana Strategije karakteriše niz poteškoća koje se, između ostalog, ogledaju u još uvijek nedovoljnim institucionalnim kapacitetima za planiranje i analizu, još uvijek nedovoljno efikasnom sistemu horizontalne, a naročito vertikalne sektorske koordinacije i saradnje na razini BiH, entiteta, kantona i Brčko Distrikta BiH, nedovoljnom stepenu posvećenosti kako samoj implemetaciji utvrđenih SRSP aktivnosti, tako i procesu praćenja, procjene i izvještavanja o realizaciji iste. Jedan od ključnih preduvjeta kvalitetnije, dosljednije i blagovremene provedbe SRSP u BiH u svim stubovoma i strateškim oblastima je izrada institucionalnih strateških planova, godišnjih programa rada kojima će se na odgovarajući način preuzeti i detaljnije razraditi/operacionalizirati programi i aktivnosti iz AP SRSP u BiH, te uvezivanje institucionalnih strateških planova i godišnjih programa rada sa institucionalnim budžetima. U tom smislu, zabrinjavajuće je da, za razliku od kantonalnih ministarstava pravde i Pravosudne komisije Brčko Distrikta BiH koji su u proteklom periodu u okviru projekta tehničke pomoći Španjolske Agencije za međunarodni razvoj i saradnju (AECID) uložili značajne napore i trenutno privode kraju aktivnosti na izradi svojih strateških planova, Federalno ministarstvo pravde i Ministarstvo pravde RS i pored redovnog odazivanja i prisustvovanja sastancima radne grupe, izradu institucionalnih strateških planova nisu shvatili prioritetnim usljed čega se nalaze u velikom zaostatku po pitanju realizacije ove aktivnosti. Shodno tome, ključni preduvjet intenziviranja aktivnosti na provedbi AP SRSP u BiH je uspostava značajno efikasnije koordinacije između nadležnih institucija u sektoru pravde u BiH, na stručnom i političkom nivou, što pretpostavlja aktivno sudjelovanje svih članova funkcionalnih radnih grupa (FRG) te svih članova Tehničkog sekretarijata, kao i sudjelovanje svih ministara u Sektoru pravde na ministarskim konferencijama, a kako bi se osigurala prijeko potrebna i trajna politička podrška ovom složenom reformskom procesu. Tako bi na primjer, na ministarskim konferencijama bilo preporučljivo otvoriti pitanje uveliko potrebnog, tehnički zahtjevnog ali i evidentno politički osjetljivog, modaliteta restrukturiranja kantolnalnih ministarstava pravosuđa i uprave (u svrhu njihove veće efikasnosti s obzirom na reformske ciljeve) upravo, uz nazočnost svih ministara i drugih odgovornih osoba, koji su uključeni u proces provedbe SRSP u BiH. Efkasno srednjoročno i godišnje planiranje podrazumijeva i promjenu svijesti o neophodnosti izgradnje organizacijskih kapaciteta i ljudskih potencijala unutar institucija sektora pravde u BiH, te nedvosmislenoj političkoj podršci dosljednoj implementaciji AP SRSP u BiH u odnosu na dosadašnju praksu. U tom smislu, neophodno je da institucije sektora pravde ulože dodatne napore i sredstva kako bi u što skorijem roku institucije uspostavile znatno jače kapacitete neophodne za realizaciju aktivnosti iz svojih nadležnosti utvrđenih u AP SRSP u BIH. Drugi je preduvjet učinkovite provedbe SRSP unapređenje interne komunikacije i saradnje u pojedinačnim institucijama sektora pravde u BiH, potrebno je da rukovodioci institucija sektora pravde, na redovnim sastancima stručnih kolegija svojih institucija obavezno, između ostalih, razmatraju i pitanja provedbe AP SRSP u BiH, te da zaključke sa sjednica stručnog kolegija učine dostupnim svim službenicima njihovih institucija. Na temelju iskazane spremnosti na meduinstitucionalnu suradnju kao i za suradnju sa uključenim predstavnicima civilnog društva (OCD) koju su iskazala sve nadležna ministarstva te VSTV BiH i PK BD BiH, a kako bi ta suradnja uistinu bila efikasna i usmjerena na definisane reformske ciljeve, od velike je važnosti što skorija izrada komunikacijskog plana za SRSP u BiH s ciljem kako bi isti bio razmotren i usvojen na V Konferenciji ministara pravde i predsjednika VSTV BiH i PK BD BiH koja će se održati u decembru 2010. godine.

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Izvještaj organizacija civilnog društva (OCD) o provedbi Akcionog plana za provedbu Strategije za reformu sektora pravde (SRSP) u BiH (01.01. – 30.06.2011. godine)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

U februaru 2010. godine pet partnerskih organizacija civilnog društva potpisale su Memorandum o uspostavi mehanizama za praćenje i ocjenu provođenja Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini (SRSP-a) sa predsjedavajućim Konferencije ministara pravde u BiH i predsjednika Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH i Pravosudne komisije Distrikta Brčko BiH. Uspostavljeni mehanizam je jedinstven ne samo u BiH, već i u zemljama u okruženju, te se kao takav oslanja na najbolje prakse demokratskih društava zapadne Evrope u pogledu participativnog monitoringa i evaluacije javnih politika od strane organizacija civilnog društva (u daljem tekstu: OCD). Pet organizacija civilnog društva potpisnica Memoranduma koje su se obavezale na provođenje sistematskog praćenja, ocjene i izvještavanja o provedbi reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u BiH, su Asocijacija za demokratske inicijative - ADI, Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini - HK BiH, Udruženje „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine", Biro za ljudska prava Tuzla i Centri civilnih inicijativa - CCI. Oslanjajući se na višegodišnje zagovaračko iskustvo u području demokratizacije i zaštite ljudskih prava, te na poznavanje problematike u sektoru pravde u BiH, ove organizacije su se uključile u proces praćenja, evaluacije i izvještavanja o ovoj važnoj reformskoj politici, kako bi na taj način doprinijele što efikasnijoj uspostavi sistema pravde u BiH, koji je odgovoran prema svim građanima BiH, u potpunosti usklađen sa EU standardima i najboljom praksom, te garantuje vladavinu zakona u našoj zemlji. Uspostavljanje i funkcionisanje nezavisnog mehanizma praćenja, ocjene i izvještavanja o provedbi SRSP za organizacije civilnog društva u proteklih gotovo osamnaest mjeseci predstavlja nedvosmislen pokazatelj pozitivnih promjena i otvaranja institucija u sektoru pravde u BiH prema civilnom društvu. Tom je dodatna potvrda i „Memorandum o razumijevanju za uspostavljanje donatorskog Fonda za provođenje Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini“, na koji je, nakon dužeg vremena, Vijeće ministara BiH sredinom prošlog mjeseca dalo saglasnost i uputilo ga Predsjedništvu BiH u daljnju proceduru. Ovim Memorandumom je, između ostalog, predviđeno da se iz sredstava budućeg SRSP Fonda izdvoji cca 30.000,00 EUR na godišnjem novou za OCD, koje su uključene proces praćenja, ocjene i izvještavanja o provedbi SRSP. U proteklih gotovo osamnaest mjeseci, navedenih pet organizacija civilnog društva izradilo je tri tromjesečna, dva polugodišnja i jedan godišnji izvještaj o praćenju i ocjeni provođenja AP SRSP u BiH. Ovaj polugodišnji izvještaj OCD-a predstavlja nezavisnu procjenu provedbe reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana SRSP-a od strane nadležnih institucija za period 1. januara - 30.juni 2011. godine. Svaka se organizacija obavezala za praćenje provedbe SRSP u okviru pojedinog strateškog stuba, što se podudara s prioritetnim područjem djelovanja svake organizacije. Tako ADI prati reformske aktivnosti vezane uz Stub 1 - Pravosuđe; Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava prati Stub 2 - Izvršenje krivičnih sankcija; Udruženje „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine" se fokusira na Stub 3 - Pristup pravdi; Biro za ljudska prava Tuzla prati Stub 4 - Podrška ekonomskom rastu, a CCI analizira mjere utvrđene u okviru Stuba 5 - Dobro rukovođen i koordiniran sektor. Iako je od usvajanja SRSP u BiH implementiran određeni broj planiranih aktivnosti, proces provedbe Akcionog plana Strategije karakteriše niz poteškoća koje se, između ostalog, ogledaju u još uvijek nedovoljnim institucionalnim kapacitetima za planiranje i analizu, još uvijek nedovoljno efikasnom sistemu horizontalne, a naročito vertikalne sektorske koordinacije i saradnje na nivou BiH, entiteta, kantona i Brčko Distrikta BiH, nedovoljnom stepenu posvećenosti, kako samoj implementaciji utvrđenih SRSP aktivnosti, tako i procesu praćenja, procjene i izvještavanja o njezinoj realizaciji. Također, analizirajući izvještaje Tehničkog sekretarijata za praćenje provođenja AP SRSP u BiH, dolazi se do zaključka da ne postoji ujednačen stepen njihove realizacije na nivou BiH, entiteta, kantona i Brčko Distrikta BiH. Ovaj negativni trend je uočljiv i u ovom izvještajnom periodu, zbog čega postoji bojazan će oni nivoi vlasti u BiH čija kontinuirana predanost provedbi AP SRSP mjera i aktivnosti nastavi izostajati, i koji će uslijed toga značajno zaostati u realizaciji reforme, u značajnoj mjeri naruše koherentnost cjelokupnog sistema pravde u BiH. Ovaj izvještajni period karakterišu povećane političke tenzije koje su se neminovno odrazile na sveukupan stepen realizacije aktivnosti u ovom stubu Strategije. Naime, Narodna skupština Republike Srpske je 13.04.2011. godine, na prijedlog predsjednika Republike Srpske, usvojila Odluku o raspisivanju referenduma prema kojoj su se građani ovog entiteta trebali izjasniti o nametnutim zakonima visokog predstavnika, posebno o zakonima o Sudu BiH i Tužilaštvu BiH. Donošenje ove odluke izvazalo je veliko negodovanje političkih zvaničnika u ostatku BiH, prije svega u Federaciji BiH. Ipak, nakon oštrih kritika međunarodne zajednice zbog ove odluke Narodne skupštine RS-a, i intenzivnih diplomatskih aktivnosti, postignut je kompromis u smislu pokretanja strukturalnog dijaloga o pravosuđu u BiH u skladu sa poglavljem 23. Sporazuma o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju BiH sa EU. Nakon ovog dogovora, Narodna skupština RS je stavila van snage svoju odluka o raspisivanju referenduma, što je naknadno rezultiralo organizacijom prvog konsultativnog sastanka u okviru procesa strukturalnog dijaloga između predstavnika državne vlasti, te vlasti oba bh. e ntiteta u BiH sa predstavnicima EU o budućnosti pravosuđa u BiH u procesu EU integracija. Važno je napomenuti da je Evropska komisija, u okviru strukturalnog dijaloga, uručila predstavnicima BiH upitnik na koji se trenutno pripremaju odgovori. Očekuje se da će se nacrt odgovora tj. tehničkih informacija na upit Evropske komisije razmatrati na predstojećoj Ministarskoj konferenciji. Konačni tekst odgovora institucija sektora pravde u BiH na upit Evropske komisije trebao bi biti dostavljen Evropskoj komisiji do kraja avgusta 2011. godine. Međutim, u više navrata zvanično iskazani stav Vlade RS i ministra pravde RS, gdin. Džerarda Selmana, u pogledu (ne)legalnosti i (ne)legitimnosti Vlade Federacije BiH, kao i pokušaji diskvalifikacije učešća federalnog ministra pravde iz vođenja strukturalnog dijaloga o reformi pravosuđa u BiH sa predstavnicima Evropske unije, ni na koji način nisu pomogli nužno potrebnom relaksiranju prilično napete političke situacije u sektoru pravde u BiH u proteklih šest mjeseci. Sveukupno gledano, pokretanje strukturalnog dijaloga također je ukazalo na dijametralno različite stavove između nosilaca vlasti u RS i FBiH o najvećem broju pitanja vezanih za budućnost pravosuđa u BiH, kao npr. pitanje apelacione jurisdikcije Ustavnog suda BiH, pitanje ustavnosti Suda i Tužilaštva BiH, pitanje primjene KZ BiH ili KZ SFRJ u predmetima ratnih zločina, pitanje donošenja zakona na državnom nivou o podjeli državne imovine i zakona o imovinskim pravima državne imovine, pitanje uspostave Vrhovnog suda BiH, da bi na kraju sve kulminiralo povlačenjem podrške Vlade RS u pogledu izgradnje državnog zatvora BiH usljed promijenjenih uslova za njegovu izgradnju, dok je istovremeno Opština Istočna Ilidža povukla svoju odluku o ustupanju zemljišta za izgradnju zatvora i sada potražuje milionska sredstva za ranije besplatno ustupljeno zemljište. Nadalje, iako u tehničkom mandatu, Vijeće ministara BiH je na svojoj 153. sjednici održanoj 14.6.2011. godine, utvrdilo Prijedlog memoranduma o razumijevanju za uspostavljanje donatorskog Fonda za provođenje Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini, te je zadužilo Ministarstvo pravde BiH da isti dostavi Predsjedništvu BiH u daljnju procedure ratifikacije, dok je za potpisnika predložen gdin Baria Čolak, ministar pravde BiH. Ovo je nedvojbeno veoma pozitivan iskorak, mada se mora istaći da nije postojao niti jedan opravdani razlog da se ova odluka Vijeća ministara BiH ne donese i mnogo ranije. Međutim, iako je davanjem saglasnosti na Memorandum nepovratno tra siran put ka uspostavi SRSP Fonda, sam čin, nadati se, skorog ratificiranja i potpisivanja Memoranduma ne daje povod za bilo kakvu vrstu “euforije”. Naime, imajući u vidu da su se donatori kroz ovaj Memorandum obavezali primjenjivati procedure Bosne i Hercegovine za upravljanje finansijama i projektnim ciklusom, analiza kapaciteta i vještina kadrova u institucijama sektora pravde u oblasti upravljanja javnim finansijama i projektnim ciklusom, s djelimičnim izuzetkom Ministarstva pravde BiH i VSTV BiH, ostavlja sumnju da će se implementacija donatorskih sredstava putem ovog Fonda odvijati željenom dinamikom i na najučinkovitiji mogući način. Ovo se naročito odnosi na entitetska ministarstva pravde i Pravosudnu komisiju Brčko Distrikta BiH koji gotovo da i nemaju kapacitete koji bi na efikasan i djelotvoran način preuzeli vodstvo u upravljanju projektnim ciklusom. Također, većina institucija sektora pravde, uključujući MP BiH i VSTV BiH, još uvijek nije uspostavila kapacitete i utvrdila adekvatne interne procedure javne unutrašnje finansijske kontrole (uspostava kapaciteta i procedura za vršenje unutrašnje kontrole i unutrašnje revizije), ili su to učinili samo djelimično. Osim toga, konačnim potpisivanjem Memoranduma neće biti riješena mnogobrojna pitanja upravljanja SRSP Fondom bez kojih isti neće moći funkcionisati. Tako se npr. još uvijek treba izraditi i usaglasiti Poslovnik o radu Upravnog odbora SRSP Fonda i Poslovnik o radu Tehničkog sekretarijata SRSP Fonda, utvrditi jedinstveni obrasci za izvještavanje, te donijeti Pravilnik o kriterijima za odabir prioriteta za finansiranje iz SRSP Fonda i Smjernice za korištenje sredstava iz SRSP Fonda. Iskustva Fonda za reformu javne uprave ukazuju da su od posebne važnosti dva posljednje pomenuta upravljačka dokumenta čija su nedovoljno jasno i neprecizno definisana pravila i procedure bila uzrok dužeg zastoja u implementaciji sredstava iz Fonda za reformu javne uprave. Iz ovdje navedenih razloga, kao imperativ se postavlja potreba promptne izgradnje, odnosno jačanja postojećih kapaciteta, institucija sektora pravde u BiH za upravljanje projektnim ciklusom. Važno je napomenuti da se u cilju izbjegavanja dupliciranja kapaciteta, isti trebaju nadograditi uspostavom jedinica za podršku višim službenicima za programiranje pomoći EU (eng. “SPO”), naravno tamo gdje su ovi službenici formalno imenovani. Ovo svakako predstavlja obavezu BiH koja proizilazi iz Strategije za primjenu decentralizovanog sistema implementacije (DlS) za upravljanje programima pomoći Evropske zajednice u Bosni i Hercegovini, a koju, na žalost, većina institucija u BiH, pa tako ni institucije u sektoru pravde u BiH, još uvijek nisu ispunile. U cilju prevazilaženja ovih nedostataka, bilo bi dobro da donatori Fonda, u suradnji sa Delegacijom EU u BiH, razmotre mogućnost financiranja projekta tehničke pomoći, koji bi, osim pružanja pomoći u rješavanju gore navedenih pitanja, bio na raspolaganju institucijama sektora pravde u periodu od barem 12 mjeseci od uspostave Fonda u smislu pružanja mentorske podršku i usmjeravanja odgovornih institucija kroz sve faze upravljanja projektnim ciklusom za projekte, koji se financiraju iz SRSP Fonda. Na ovaj način bi se osiguralo da institucije sektora pravde na efikasan i djelotvoran način preuzmu vodstvo u implementaciji budućih aktivnosti SRSP Fonda u drugoj godini funkcioniranja spomenutog Fonda. Kada je riječ o nedostacima u procesu praćenja i izvještavanja o realizaciji AP SRSP na koje OCD ukazuju od svog prvog izvještaja, značajno je napomenuti da su institucije sektora pravde prihvatile komentare i preporuke OCD i u međuvremenu pokrenule aktivnosti na unapređenju postojećeg sistema. USAID JSDP II projekat je angažirao međunarodnog konsultanta koji je izvršio analizu i dao preporuke u vezi unapređenja postojećeg sistema praćenja i izvještavanja. Na osnovu tih preporuka, Tehnički sekretarijat za praćenje provedbe AP SRSP u BiH donio je Smjernice za praćenje i evaluaciju provođenja AP SRSP u BiH. U okviru Aneksa ovih Smjernica, sadržani su kriteriji za ocjenjivanje napretka provedbe programa/aktivnosti. Također, jednu od novina predstavlja i uspostava elektronskog dokumentacijskog sistema putem kojeg će institucije sektora pravde u budućnosti dostavljati svoje izvještaje. S obzirom da je modificirani sistem tek uspostavljen, bilo bi ishitreno u ovom trenutku davati ocjenu uspješnosti njegove primjene. Ipak, iz kontakata ostvarenih sa članovima FRG, uočljivo je da postoji nedeovoljno razumijevanje novog sistema kod većeg broja institucija. Neophodno je napomenuti da je USAID JSDP II projekat u dva navrata nudio pružanje obuke članovima svih 5 FRG, ali da isti nisu iskazali interes, što se neminovno odrazilo na (ne)razumijevanje novog sistema i kvalitet prilično šturih i ponekad nejasnih institucionalnih izvještaja. Ove okolnosti i dalje dovode u pitanje vjerodostojnost i pouzdanost informacija sadržanih u institucionalnim i objedinjenom izvještaju institucija sektora pravde, kao i samu svrhu i smisao jednog ovako složenog i zahtjevnog posla koji zahtjeva visoko stručne analitičke sposobnosti u svakoj od institucija sektora pravde u BiH. Pozitivan pomak u odnosu na prethodni izvještajni period predstavlja činjenica da je veći broj kantonalnih ministarstava prihvatio i koristio novu bazu podataka - OWIS (Dokumentacioni sistem za praćenje implementacije AP SRSP - OWIS)1. Očekivati je da će intenzivnijim korištenjem ovog software-a doći do daljeg unapređenja kvaliteta institucionalnih izvještaja o praćenju SRSP u BiH u narednom periodu. U fokusu izgradnje kapaciteta institucija sektora pravde u proteklih nekoliko godina bila je funkcija strateškog planiranja. Kao što je to ukazivano u prethodnim izvještajima OCD, ostvareni rezultati u tom pogledu su ipak ograničeni, što između ostalog rezultira još uvijek nedovoljno efikasnom i neblagovremenom implementacijom mjera i aktivnosti iz AP SRSP u BiH. Ipak, u ovom izvještajnom periodu došlo je do pozitivnog postignuća u Federaciji BiH čija Vlada je, uz tehničku pomoć UNDP Programa za jačanje kapaciteta za strateško planiranje i razvoj javnih politika, donijela Uredbu o procesu strateškog planiranja, godišnjeg planiranja i izvještavanja u federalnim ministarstvima (“Službene novine FBiH” broj 22/11). Ovom Uredbom su obavezana sva federalna ministarstva da do novembra 2011. godine izrade i dostave Vladi FBiH svoje institucionalne strateške planove. Nadati se da će donošenjem ove Uredbe, kao i sa dolaskom novog ministra, doći do zaokreta u Federalnom ministarstvu pravde (FMP), koje će, kada već nije iskoristilo priliku da svoj strateški plan izradi u okviru Projekta tehničke podrške AECID-a prošle godine, ispoštovati ovu Uredbu i izraditi institucionalni strateški plan u okviru kojeg će preuzeti mjere i aktivnosti iz AP SRSP. Kada je riječ o Ministarstvu pravde RS, nužno je da što prije uhvati korak sa FMP i donese svoj institucionalni strateški plan koji će biti usklađen sa AP SRSP u BiH. U suprotnom, sasvim je izvjetan scenarij na koji je ukazivano u perthodnim izvještajima OCD, da će ovo ministarstvo postati uskim grlom procesa implementacije SRSP u BiH. Na kraju, značajno je napomenuti da izgradnja kapaciteta i vještina za razvoj javnih politika u institucijama sektora pravde, uključujući procjenu uticaja javnih politika i propisa tek predstoji. U tom smislu, USAID JSDP II projekat je prošle godine pomogao uspostavu foruma za izradu politika između MP BiH i Sekretarijata VSTV BiH. Ovu inicijativu je svakako neophodno proširiti i na entitetska ministarstva pravde i PK BD BiH, kao i kantonalna ministarstva pravde. Iskustva drugih zemalja u regionu ukazuju da je za uspješnu reformu kapaciteta za razvoj javnih politika potrebna promjena u kulturi organizacije i svijesti nosilaca političkih funkcija. Kada je riječ o institucijama sektora pravde u BiH, jedan od recidiva prošlog sistema koji je još uvijek prisutan u značajnoj mjeri jeste i nedostatak iskustva službenika u smislu korištenja vlastitog prosuđivanja, s obzirom da su državni službenici školovani, odnosno obučavani, da primarno primjenjuju pravila propisana zakonima i drugim propisima, ili u najboljem slučaju da potražuju određene podatke i informacije. Strategija reforme javne uprave ukazuje na opštu deficitarnost ovakvih specijaliziranih i visoko-stručnih kadrova u cijeloj BiH i postavlja zahtjeve za njihovu izgradnju. Razvoj javnih politika i procjena uticaja su koliko nauka toliko i određena vrsta umjetnosti i prije svega traže analitičke sposobnosti i inventivnost. Obrisi ovakvih kapaciteta se naziru u pojedinim institucijama sektora pravde u BiH (npr. Ministarstvo pravde BiH i Sekretarijat VSTV BiH) i potrebno im je, uz dodatno stručno usavršavanje, dati mogućnost da dođu do značajno većeg izražaja. Iako je opšte-poznato da je donošenje konačnih odluka odgovornost nosilaca političkih funkcija, sasvim je evidentno da će ministrima u narednim godinama, sa intenziviranjem aktivnosti na implementaciji zahtjeva koji proizilaze iz procesa evropskih integracija, sve više biti potrebni visoko stručni savjeti i podrška stručnjaka - analitičara - koji su sposobni za mnogo više od pukog osvrtanja na postojeće zakone i druge propise. Biće im potrebno da na raspolaganju imaju procjenu mogućih uticaja određene javne politike, kao i politički neutralnu i objektivnu procjenu moguće reakcije građana na tu politiku. Iz tih razloga, fokus institucija sektora pravde u BiH u narednom periodu, pored izgradnje kapaciteta za strateško planiranje, treba usmjeriti i na izgradnju kapaciteta za razvoj javnih politika i procjenu uticaja. Pet partnerskih OCD ovom prilikom izražava nadu da će ovaj polugodišnji Izvještaj za period 01.01.-30.06.2011. godine biti koristan i poslužiti kao izvor informacija kako nadležnim institucijama, tako i donatorima u sektoru pravde u daljnjoj provedbi reformskih mjera u sektoru pravde u BiH, te da će predložene preporuke koje slijede u nastavku biti razmatrane i usvojene na 6. Konferenciji ministara pravde u BiH i predsjednika Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH i Pravosudne komisije Brčko Distrikta BiH. Na kraju, želimo se zahvaliti svim institucijama, donatorima i drugim nevladinim organizacijama aktivnim u sektoru pravde na dostavljenim informacijama, dokumentima i odgovorima na tražene upite, bez čije pomoći bi ovaj izvještaj bio nepotpun. Također, zahvaljujemo se na dosad primljenim konstruktivnim komentarima, koji se odnose na do sada pripremljene izvještaje OCD, koje smo dobili od strane nadležnih institucija za provođenje SRSP, koji su u značajnoj mjeri reflektirani u ovom polugodišnjem izvještaju.

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Godišnji Izvještaj organizacija civilnog društva (OCD) o provedbi Akcionog plana za provedbu Strategije za reformu sektora pravde (SRSP) u BiH (Izvještajni period: 01.01.2012. – 31.12.2012. godine)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Memorandum o uspostavi mehanizama za praćenje i procjenu provođenja Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini (SRSP-a) potpisan je 2010. godine sa predsjedavajućim Konferencije ministara pravde u BiH i predsjednicima Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH i Pravosudne komisije Distrikta Brčko BiH. Uspostavljeni mehanizam se oslanja na najbolje prakse demokratskih društava zapadne Evrope te je na taj način poseban i jedinstven ne samo u BiH, već i u zemljama u okruženju u pogledu participativnog monitoringa i evaluacije javnih politika od strane organizacija civilnog društva (u daljem tekstu: OCD). Ovim memorandumom je utvrđena odgovornost pet organizacija civilnog društva za sistematsku procjenu i praćenje implementacije reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u BiH, a to su Asocijacija za demokratske inicijative - ADI, Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini - HK BiH, Udruženje „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine“, Biro za ljudska prava Tuzla, Centri civilnih inicijativa – CCI te nakandno pridružena organizacija – PAR Excellence Sarajevo kao šesta članica.

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Odluka Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske U-II6111/2013 – jurisdikcijski voluntarizam?

Author(s): Frane Staničić / Language(s): Croatian

In this paper the author analyzes the decision U-II-6111/2013 of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. In this decision, the Constitutional Court annulled the decision of the Municipality Council renaming a street in Slatinski Drenovac after the date of the proclamation of the Independent State of Croatia in 1941. The Constitutional Court based its jurisdiction, contrary to its earlier jurisprudence, according to the Article 2/1 of the Constitutional Law on the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, establishing, thus, a general constitutional supervision. One of the judges had a dissenting opinion and the author analyzed the decision and the dissenting opinion. From the analysis the author concluded the following: the Constitutional Court was not in the right assuming jurisdiction in this case as it does not evolve from the Constitution or the Constitutional Law on the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. The author argues that, in assuming jurisdiction in the manner the Constitutional Court has done in this particular case, the Court created legal uncertainty and acted directly contrary to its established practice and the Constitution, constitutional Law and other laws. The author argues that the explained situation is the consequence of the narrow practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia in defining “other norms” which excluded general acts from the jurisdiction of the Court. Consequently, whenever a need for inspection of general acts arises, the Court has no alternative but to alter its practice. The author argues for a broader definition of “other norms” which would include general acts.

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Godišnji Izvještaj organizacija civilnog društva (OCD) o provedbi Akcionog plana za provedbu Strategije za reformu sektora pravde (SRSP) u BiH

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

In early 2010, the Memorandum on establishing mechanism for monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the Action Plan of Justice Sector Reform Strategy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (JSRS) was signed by the chair of the Ministerial Conference in BiH and presidents of the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council BiH and the Judiciary Commission of Brčko District BiH. The established mechanism is unique not only in BiH but also in the surrounding countries. As such, it relies on the best practices of democratic societies of Western Europe in terms of participative monitoring and evaluation of public policies by civil society organizations (hereafter referred to as CSO). The memorandum determined the responsibility of five civil society organizations for systematic monitoring and assessment of the implementation of reform measures and activities of the Action Plan of the Justice Sector Reform Strategy. Those organizations are: Association for Democratic Initiatives – ADI, Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina – HCHR BiH, Association “Your Rights Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Human Rights Office Tuzla and Centres of Civil Initiatives – CCI. In late October 2011, the sixth organization, PAR Excellence Sarajevo, joined the Memorandum and this mechanism of independent monitoring of the implementation of AP JSRS BiH. Relying upon the long-term advocacy experience in the field of democratization and protection of human rights, as well as on the knowledge of issues in the BiH justice sector, these organizations got involved in the process of monitoring, evaluation and reporting on this extremely important reform policy, in order to contribute to an efficient establishment of the justice system in BiH, which is responsible towards all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, fully harmonized with EU standards and best practices, and ensures the rule of law. This is the second annual report on the monitoring and assessment of the implementation of AP JSRS in BiH by partner civil society organizations and it represents an independent assessment of the implementation of reform measures and activities from the JSRS AP by relevant justice sector institutions for the period from January 1 to December 31, 2011. Each organization committed to monitoring the implementation of JSRS within one strategic pillar, which coincides with each organization’s field of work. Therefore, ADI monitors the reform activities related to Pillar 1 – Judicial System; Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in BiH monitors the Pillar 2 – Execution of criminal sanctions; Association “Your Rights Bosnia and Herzegovina” focuses on Pillar 3 – Access to justice; Human Rights Office Tuzla monitors Pillar 4 – Support to economic progress; and CCI analyses the measures within Pillar 5 – Well-managed and coordinated sector. The institutions of the justice sector in BiH entered the third year of implementation of AP JSRS. The overall aggravated political-economic situation in BiH, viewed in close correlation with insufficient human and financial resources and insufficient and inefficient horizontal and vertical sector coordination, made timely and consistent implementation of AP JSRS in BiH even more difficult. That resulted in a rather low overall level of implementation of reforms in BiH justice sector in the previous year. While the issues of complex sector structure, insufficient institutional capacities and restricted budget funds were considered the main causes of slow and limited progress in the previous period, one of the key causes of this situation this year, apart from the abovementioned ones that are evident and constant, are the diametrically opposed stances of the political officeholders in BiH over the status, organisation, structure, jurisdictions, the existing legislative framework and sustainability of certain institutions of BiH justice sector, especially of judiciary institutions on the state level of BiH. Previously expressed declarative political support has now turned into an open political resistance, in consequence of which, crucial reforms in BiH justice sectors are being “put on hold” and the focus was redirected at launching initiatives and conducting exhausting debates about demands of political representatives of the Republic of Srpska for the revision of the previous reform achievements by returning them to the previous state. It was assumed that the consensus reached during the development and adoption of the Justice Sector Reform Strategy in BiH would present a certain incentive to the representatives of executive, legislative and judicial authority in BiH to approach the implementation of these reforms in a coordinated and intensified way. It was also assumed that the established mechanisms for the implementation of the JSRS AP would motivate the justice sector institutions to invest additional efforts with the aim of timely and consistent implementation. However, it can be stated that that has not happened, not even after three years of the implementation. The proactive engagement by all members of the Technical Secretariat for the monitoring of the implementation of the JSRS AP in BiH (TS JSRS) is still missing and is usually limited to activities that are almost always performed during the TS meetings (i.e. once in three months). On the other hand, the technical and administrative activities are still mostly done by the Sector for Strategic Planning, Aid Coordination and European Integration of BiH MoJ (SSPACEI). In that respect, it is most likely that in the event of discontinuation of SSPACEI’s commitment to this process, the entire system of monitoring the implementation of JSRS AP at the sector level might collapse since it currently functions mostly owing to the abovementioned Sector of BiH MoJ. With the exception of the last cycle of FWG meetings when a certain progress was noticed, in the previous three quarterly cycles of meetings of each FWG, the representatives of certain institutions in each of the five FWGs continually did not attend the meetings and participate actively. As a result, the degree of implementation of AP JSRS is constantly decreasing and additional slowdown was noticed in 2011. The report of the European Commission on the progress in BiH in 2011 , among other things, states: “Overall lack of political will and appropriate planning continues to impede the efficient implementation of the Justice Sector Reform Strategy (JSRS) for the period 2009-2013. Shortcomings involve insufficient distribution of human and financial resources and generally poor coordination between relevant institutions. “, as well as that it is: „(...) It is necessary to speed up the implementation of the Justice Sector Reform Strategy.(...)“. Even though the CSOs independent reports, the reports of the justice sector institutions and the conclusions of the Ministerial Conference continually point at the almost identical key problems and obstacles, it is worrying that very little is done in practice to overcome those problems and implement the conclusions of the Ministerial Conference (MC). That represents an additional potential risk that may devalue the credibility as well as the very purpose of sustaining the MC. By analysing the progress achieved in the previous reporting period in each of the strategic areas, the conclusion arises that reforms, due to the increasing lack of political will, are still almost exclusively conducted on the operational-technical level, meaning that the programs and activities that are considered less “politically sensitive” are those that are being implemented, which results in a very limited overall progress. In addition to that, one cannot resist the impression that even in those areas where certain level of progress is noticable, such programs and activities are mostly implemented as part of a certain donor project in the justice sector and therefore the credits for their complete or partial realization could not exclusively be assigned to justice sector institutions. Moreover, this may also be an indication that the institutional ownership of JSRS is still insufficiently developed. In addition to that, by analysing the reports of the TS JSRS, the conclusion is reached that there is no harmonized degree of their realisation on the level of BiH, entities, cantons and Brčko District BiH (e.g. the FBiH sector of criminal sanction execution is lagging behind the RS sector). If this continues, those levels of authority in BiH that are continuously not committed to the implementation of the JSRS AP programs and activities will slow down the coordinated implementation of the reform as a result. Also, they will disrupt the coherency of the entire BiH justice system and the principles of the equal treatment and approach to the efficient justice for all citizens on the entire BiH territory. Taking all of this into consideration, it is quite likely that the final deadline for the full implementation of JSRS, the end of 2013, will be impossible to meet and that the prolongation of the realization of numerous programs and activities by revising AP JSRS is inevitable. It is evident that the existing budgets of justice sector institutions are scarce and insufficient for the implementation of such complex Strategy. The additional aggravating circumstance is the decision of the group of donors (Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), the British Embassy to BiH and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID)) about the withdrawal from the initiative of establishing a joint donor fund for the support to the implementation of AP JSRS in BiH. In consequence of the unjustifiably long process of consideration and decision-making by the members of executive authority in BiH to the Memorandum on establishing the JSRS Donor Fund, the group of the abovementioned donors decided to withdraw from this initiative during the third quarter of 2011. Taking into consideration the overall reduction of donor funds available to BiH and to the BiH justice sector as well, as a result of redirecting the donor community priorities to financing other countries but also as a result of the global economic crisis, it is needless to emphasize the size of the contribution that this donator fund would have made in terms of compensating for fairly limited budget funds necessary for the implementation of the ambitious plan of the justice sector reform in BiH. In the light of these circumstances, it is recommended that the 7th Ministerial Conference and the president of the HJPC BiH and JC BD adopt the conclusion and deliver it promptly to the Fiscal Council of BiH in order for it to consider the possibility that the Document on Global Framework of Fiscal Balance and Policies in BiH for 2012-2014 includes the need for ensuring additional financial means in BiH justice sector, and especially the need for ensuring additional funds for financing priority JSRS programs and activities to an extent that is sufficient for at least a partial compensation for those funds that had been ensured by donators in previous years. Finally, it is important to emphasize that starting the EU-BiH Structured Dialogue on Justice Reform in June 2011 resulted in a certain degree of relaxation of political relations in BiH justice sector. Two meetings have been held by now and their outcome leaves some space for mild optimism that a more constructive discussion between all key participants could take place in the following period about all shortcomings in the justice sector as well as that the conditions set to the justice sector in the process of joining the EU could be fulfilled by coordinated finding of joint solutions based on compromises. Even though the six partner CSOs did not take part at the previous two meetings of EU-BiH Structured Dialogue on Justice, two consultation meetings were held (November 3, 2011 and December 19, 2011) at the invitation of the representatives of the EU Delegation in BiH. The EU Delegation representatives presented a set of recommendations from previous meetings and gave an opportunity to partner CSOs to give their comments and suggestions. Also, the EU Delegation representatives invited the representatives of six partner CSOs to become included in this process starting from the next meeting that is planned to take place in late March 2012. At the same time, the representatives of six partner CSOs committed to transferring and promoting all relevant information on EUBiH Structured Dialogue and also to representing views of other civil society organizations active in BiH justice sector in connection to this process. In that respect, it was agreed that the EU Delegation in BiH and the representatives of six partner CSOs should ask from justice sector institutions to adopt this initiative at the upcoming Justice Sector Ministerial Conference and that the representatives of CSOs become invited to participate in this process starting from the first following meeting. Recommendations related to the Strategic Pillar 1 – Judicial System: 1. Taking into consideration the recommendations from the second meeting of the Structured Dialogue, it is necessary to urgently make changes to the existing AP JSRS and add new activities, the implementation of which will result in the realization of the mentioned recommendations; 2. In order to implement the recommendation of the EU for the institutional reform of the appellate system in the Court of BiH, new strategic program should be included in the strategic subfield 1.1. – Independence and harmonization; 3. Also, concerning the implementation of the recommendation of the EU for reducing a large number of unsolved old cases about the transfer of contentious probate cases to notaries, it is necessary to include new strategic program in the strategic subfield 1.2. - Efficiency; 4. It is necessary to intensify efforts by Federal Justice Ministries for adoption of the Law on Prosecution of Federation of BiH and, in addition to holding a thematic conference and consultations with the cantonal MJ, to start activities around alignment of attitudes of cantonal MJs about the transfer of jurisdictions from cantonal MJ to FMJ in terms of financing and establishing a unified Law on Prosecution on the level of the Federation BiH; 5. Concerning the alignment of the principles of the program budget in all judiciary institutions in accordance with the existing guidelines that are given to all institutions, it is necessary to monitor the application of those guidelines by HJPC and provide technical support and staff education in order to further support their implementation through cooperation of HJPC and CEST; 6. In accordance with the analysis of existing capacities of institutions in budget preparation and execution, it is necessary to begin the amendments to the existing rulebooks on the systematisation of workplaces and plan adequate funds in budgets of the institutions in order to ensure adequate human resources in the upcoming period; 7. In relation to reducing a large number of unsolved cases prior to amending the existing ones or passing new regulations in the Law on Enforcement Procedure related to the position, role and status of the court executor, it is necessary to ensure the passing of a certain number of amendments to the existing Law on HJPC; 8. In terms of reducing the number of unsolved cases related to the execution of legally binding judgements, it is necessary to find a way to ensure budget funds for their execution; 9. It is necessary to urgently work on completing the current system for electronic filing of small claims and ensure that representatives of communal companies, in addition to courts, have access to the system; 10. Prior to making a decision on the establishment of new courts and prosecutor’s offices, it is necessary to first reassess the existing organizational structure and start strengthening the capacities of the existing courts and prosecutor’s offices by increasing the number of judges and prosecutors and to start the formation of new organizational units only if that is not possible; 11. In order to ensure adequate material and technical conditions for the functioning of courts and prosecutor’s offices, it is necessary to urgently update the existing architectural-technical plans in order to determine what is necessary for their reconstruction; 12. It is necessary to ensure that when transferring/adding new jurisdictions from AP JSRS to CESTs that adequate budget funds necessary for additional training are provided. Recommendations related to the Strategic Pillar 2 – Execution of Criminal Sanctions: It is recommended: 13. to the Parliament of the Federation BiH to speed up the procedure of passing the Law on Execution of Criminal Sanctions; 14. to the MJ FBiH to increase measures for making and passing regulations with the aim of ensuring an increased application of community service and other types of alternative punishments and of ensuring materialtechnical conditions; 15. to the MJ RS to increase efforts and provide funds for equipping and human resourcing with the aim of putting into function the Special Hospital for Forensic Psychiatry in Sokoc; 16. to MJ BiH to invest additional efforts, through the Implementation Unit, in order to speed up the realization of this important project; 17. to entity MJs to speed up processes of establishing entity administration departments; 18. to the MJ BiH to speed up the harmonization of attitudes and start the making and passing of the joint plan of financing heath protection of prisoners in cooperation with the ministries of heath. Recommendations related to the Strategic Pillar 3 – Access to Justice: 19. The Association “Your Rights Bosnia and Herzegovina” recommends taking more efficient measures for the implementation of the Action Plan by carriers of certain strategic programs/activities, by reinforcing the coordination between the state carriers of activities and entity and cantonal institutions and Brčko District. It is necessary that the ministries of justice of entities and cantonal ministries as well as JC BD become more actively involved in the implementation of the Action Plan, include strategic programs and activities in their work program, which would create a stronger obligation for the implementation. 20. Regarding the Framework Law on Free Legal Aid, it is necessary to influence the authorities in BiH to adopt that law with the aim of ensuring equal rights of citizens on the entire BiH territory. 21. To influence the passing of cantonal laws on free legal aid in those cantons that do not have this law, 22. To ensure the alignment of the existing regulations or passing new ones in order to provide the access to free legal aid to as many citizens as possible, 23. To ensure that the passing of the Law on Free Legal Aid establishes an independent body or board for providing aid on the entire BiH territory. The representatives of associations specialized for providing free legal aid would also be included in the independent body, 24. In an adequate way ensure that legal help is provided by independent organs, including lawyers and associations specialized for providing free legal aid; 25. Concerning the structured dialogue, to ask from institutions of the justice sector to include six partner civil society organizations in the process of structured dialogue about the judicial system, 26. In parallel with development of standards of work with court users, it is also necessary for HJPC to develop an efficient system for monitoring their application and compose a guidebook with accompanying annexes for each service, with the aim of improving the quality of service provided by courts, establishing the system of monitoring the fulfilment of standards as the control of quality of court services. 27. In the following period, to increase activities of OCDs in monitoring the implementation of AP JSRS in BiH by collecting information from individual sources, such as the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, courts in both entities, Centre for Legal Aid of the Republic of Srpska, CEST of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska, EU Delegation, OHR/EUSR. Recommendations related to the Strategic Pillar 4 – Support to Economic Growth: 28. To ensure sufficient financial funds in entity budgets in 2012 for consistent implementation of the action plan for strategic area 4 – supporting economic growth, 29. To complete the analysis on the necessary alterations of the court systems, making and implementation of the full implementation plan on the basis of questionnaires completed by judges and lawyers and present it to all key actors in the justice sector, including the representatives of the civil society in BiH in order to give them an opportunity to give their comments and suggestions, 30. To promptly appoint persons in charge of mediation, coordination and monitoring of the activity of mediation in all entity ministries of justice, 31. To ensure political will for passing the set of laws on the level of the FBiH (Law on Property Rights FBiH, Law on Cadastre FBiH, Law on Amendments to the Law on Land Registry FBiH) which will enable a more efficient reform of land administration, 32. To adopt the strategies and policies in the area of land administration that are a condition for approving financial funds for the continuation of the reform of land administration; 33. Technical department for monitoring the implementation of AP JSRS to consider and incorporate into the new revised AP JSRS the recommendations of civil society organizations contained in the annual report of CSO on the monitoring of the implementation of AP JSRS. Recommendations related to the Strategic Pillar 5 – Well-Managed and Coordinated Sector: 34. CCI again appeals to the ministers in the BiH justice sector to take full responsibility for a consistent realization of assumed reform obligations that are stated in the AP JSRS and other strategic documents relevant to the justice sector, which is significant for further progress of our country toward the EU. 35. All institutions in the justice sector in BiH, including cantonal justice ministries, should be included in EU-BiH structured dialogue on the judicial system, especially if taking into account their jurisdictions and responsibilities for the functioning of the judicial system in FBiH. In addition to that, the process of structural dialogue has to be depoliticized and a much larger involvement of key judicial institutions in BiH, primarily of HJPC BiH, has to be enabled, in order to avoid the possibility of further jeopardizing the independence of the judiciary system in BiH. 36. It is recommended that the request of the representatives of six partner CSOs for becoming included in the process of the EU-BiH structured dialogue on justice reform should be approved at the 7th Justice Sector Ministerial Conference scheduled for February 28, 2011. Also, it is recommended to invite the six partner CSOs to participate in this process starting from the following meeting planned for late March 2012. 37. It is recommended that the 7th Justice Sector Ministerial Conference adopt the conclusion and deliver it to the Fiscal Council of BiH in order for it to determine the need in the Document on Global Framework of Fiscal Balance and Politics in BiH for 2012-2014 for ensuring additional financial means in BiH justice sector, and especially the need for ensuring additional funds for financing priority JSRS programs and activities to an extent that is sufficient for at least a partial compensation for those funds that had been ensured by donators in previous years. 38. It is necessary that the Federal Ministry of Justice, in accordance with the FBiH Government Decree on the process of strategic planning, annual planning and reporting in federal ministries, makes a three-year institutional strategic plan within which it will take over measures and activities from AP JSRS. Concerning the RS Ministry of Justice, it is necessary that it keeps pace with the FMoJ and that it passes its institutional strategic plan which would also be aligned with AP JSRS in BiH. Cantonal justice ministries and JC BD BiH have to update their institutional strategic plan in accordance with the third revised AP JSRS, drafts of which are made within the project of technical assistance of the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID) and to formally adopt them by the end of March 2012 at the latest. All mentioned institutions should ensure a close connection between their strategic plans and budget framework documents, and ensure that operative plans are timely and consistently transferred to the annual work plans of each of the mentioned institutions. 39. Federal Ministry of Justice has to intensify activities on human resourcing of the Sector for Strategic Planning. Simultaneously, RS MoJ, JC of BD BiH should amend their rulebooks on internal organization with the aim of establishing internal organizational units or at least some workplaces for strategic planning, monitoring and reporting. Introducing the system of institutional strategic planning should be completely integrated or at least closely connected with the process of program budgeting. 40. It is necessary to intensify the activities of the policy forum between BiH MoJ and the HJPC of BiH Secretariat and to include in its work entity and cantonal ministries of justice and representatives of JC of BD BiH in their full capacity. 41. In accordance with the requirements of the Public Administration Reform Strategy in BiH, it is necessary that MoJ BiH, FMoJ, MoJ RS, cantonal MoJs and JC BD BiH make an analysis of their exiting organisational and staff capacities for policy-making and to ensure the establishing of the most appropriate organisational structure for performing those tasks on the basis of that analysis (depending on the scope of work and personnel available for performing that task). Then, on the basis of the analysis, each ministry should amend its rulebook on internal organization and job systematisation in order to establish suitable internal organisational structure or individual work places for performing that task, along with determining suitable job descriptions. Taking into account the ever-present budget restrictions in terms of impossibility of employing new civil servants and with the aim of avoiding possible additional accumulation of administration, it is recommended that the filling of these work positions should be done by internal transfers and/or amendments to the workplace description of the existing civil servants who already partially do this work as part or in parallel with their regular assignments. Only when conducted analyses argumentatively point to the impossibility of these solutions, ministries should start employing new personnel. The methodology of development of public policies, including policy impact assessment, should be developed in parallel with these activities. With the aim of achieving coherency of the solution on the level of the sector, the optimal solution would be a unified methodology that could afterwards be transposed in each institution of the justice sector by an internal act (e.g. a rulebook). The Decree of the Government of the Federation on the way of preparation, impact assessment and policy selection in the process of the making of acts proposed and passed by the Government of the FBiH and federal ministries (“Official Gazette FBiH” number 35/11) could serve as a model for the making of this methodology. Also, considering the complexity of the process of policy development and impact assessment, it is recommended that a suitable handbook be made as part of the methodology and also to ensure additional specialised training and mentorship to the appointed personnel at the ministries with the aim of deepening their technical knowledge and skills needed for performing these tasks. It is evident that institutions of the justice sector in BiH will not be able to implement all these activities alone and it seems justified that a suitable technical support be ensured by bilateral and multilateral donors active in the justice sector in BiH. 42. It is necessary to finally open a question and, with an utterly serious and responsible approach, start solving the issue of restructuring cantonal ministries of justice and administration2 and through conversations between representatives of relevant institutions and political leaders to avoid politisation of this important process, which will certainly contribute to the better implementation of JSRS. In this respect, it is recommended that the 7th MC adopts the conclusion by which the issue of restructuring cantonal ministries will be discussed at one of the upcoming thematic conferences, in the presence of all ministers and other persons who are included in the process of implementation of JSRS, which will strengthen the initiative for prompt solving of this important issue. 43. It is necessary to start activities for strengthening the capacities in BiH MoJ, in their departments in FMJ, MJ RS and JC BD BiH in the field of approximation of BiH justice sector legislation with the EU Acquis Communautaire, which should be one of the priorities in the implementation of JSRS AP. Recommendations related to the quality of the monitoring of the implementation of the Action Plan JSRS: Consistent and timely implementation of the Action Plan for the implementation of the JSRS in BiH urgently requires: 44. With the aim of overcoming noticed shortcomings in the process of monitoring and reporting on the realisation of AP JSRS, it is recommended that the 7th MC adopts the conclusion by which it will oblige all institutional carriers of the process of monitoring and reporting on the realisation of the AP JSRS in BiH to participate in the training on practical aspects of the application of OWIS system of monitoring and reporting that would be organized by USAID JSDP II project. 45. Ministries of justice in BiH and entities, HJPC and JC BD should invest maximum effort in order for Technical Department for monitoring the implementation of AP JSRS in BiH (TD) to finally start functioning in its full capacity, which implies allocation of larger financial funds necessary for the work of the TD, changing its structure of members, including the replacement of passive institutional members who cannot take full responsibility for assumed obligations in the context of a more efficient implementation of JSRS. 46. Even though the conclusions of the MC are binding and have to be fulfilled in the given time period and SSPACEI has to be notified on their implementation, the level of their implementation is still low and those conclusions are very often repeated. If a certain institution does not implement a certain conclusion of the MC, it has to provide the reason for that at the following MC and the MC has to conduct a debate and determine a suitable countermeasure for a consistent implementation of its conclusion. Otherwise, it could happen that credibility and the purpose itself of this body is “devalued”. 47. It is necessary to ensure active participation of all members of functional workgroups during scheduled meetings because it is unacceptable that meetings of FWG are held with a quorum barely being present. The FWG 5 had a quorum at several previous meetings, there were no postponements of the meetings, but it is evident that the representatives of the MJ RS do not attend those meetings. One of the main causes of this situation is a chronic lack of capacities in most institutions. By redistribution of the existing capacities and by more efficient planning and coordination within those institutions, shortcomings can be overcome, at least in the shortterm. 48. It is necessary to significantly improve vertical coordination and cooperation between the Federal Ministry of Justice and cantonal ministries of justice, which still represents one of key obstacles in proper implementation of JSRS in BiH. It is evident that, regardless of the existing jurisdictions of those institutions, their cooperation should be much better. 49. There is a continuous need for establishing a better coordination and exchange of information within institutions that are included in the process of the implementation of JSRS, especially on the level of cabinets of assistants of ministers, secretaries of the ministries and between all relevant sectors for a more efficient implementation of JSRS in BiH. In that regard, all ministries of justice should pass special internal acts or amend the existing ones within which they could develop mechanisms of inter-institutional cooperation, coordination and information exchange. CONCLUSION Despite pronounced political tensions in the justice sector in BiH in the past twelve months, certain progress has still been noticed in each of the strategic areas of JSRS. However, the fact remains that much more could have been done in this time period. With gradual relaxation of political tensions triggered by the start of the EU-BiH structured dialogue on the future of the judicial system in BiH, the hope remains that the current course will change and that the reform process that will contribute to progress in the implementation of AP JSRS will intensify. It is crucial that the 7th MC sends a clear message to all local institutions and BH public that consistent and timely implementation of AP JSRS is the only way if BiH justice sector really wants to contribute to the building of the European future for BiH citizens. Otherwise, each further lack of dedication, unequivocal support and constructive approach to the realization of the Action Plan of the Justice Sector Reform Strategy in BiH will present a setback in the process of achieving strategic aims and satisfying growing demands for the rule of law and equal approach to efficient justice for all BiH citizens. Civil society organizations will, in partnership with relevant representatives of government and non-governmental sector in BiH, continue to implement systematic and continuous monitoring, analysis, reporting, and public advocating. Also, they will continue to, through full participative role in decision-making process, give substantial contribution to consistent and timely implementation of AP JSRS with the aim of establishing and functioning of the justice system in BiH as an incentive for a more intense economic growth, rule of law and respecting the highest standards of human rights protection and freedom for all citizens of BiH.

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Procedure javnih nabavki u Ministarstvu odbrane Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Samir Mušović / Language(s): Bosnian

At the end of November 2018, the official confirmation of the BiH Ministry of Defense appeared in local media was related to the problematic delivery of the canned meat for the Ministry. It was officially confirmed that the inadequate deliveries were already terminated since content of the tested meat-cans confirmed presence of the pork meat in a cans that were marked as the beef meat product in accordance with the manufacturer's declaration. Delivery of the meat cans was forgotten soon, but unfortunately, this case confirmed again a continuity of the multi-annual trend of the questionable public procurement for the BiH Ministry of Defense. Public audit reports confirmed in a 14 years long continuity of the shortcomings related to the procurement procedures performed by the BiH Ministry of Defense. This trend is clearly visible in the attached table (Annex 1) consisted of audit findings related to the public procurement procedures, audit recommendations, and issued auditor’s opinions copied from public audit reports for the BiH Ministry of Defense from 2004. to 2017. Despite to the intensive parliamentary oversight of the BiH Defense Ministry and the BiH Armed Forces performed by the three Committees of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the "Joint Committee for Defense and Security of BiH", and two "Finance and Budget Committees" from both Houses of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina), Ministry was not able to overcome shortcomings of its public procurement procedures. Even more, the BiH Ministry of Defense from 2004 to 2017 did not received even single positive auditor’s opinion on the annual financial statements and financial operations. For all these years, annual financial statements and financial operations were rated with the “reserved auditor’s opinions” (conditional opinion) except for 2011, when the Ministry received a "negative auditor’s opinion" (negative qualification). In accordance to the new practice, the BiH Supreme Audit Institution published several years back a separate audit report on the “Major annual audit findings and recommendations”27 that covers the most frequent audit findings and the systemic deficiencies as well. It would be very useful for the Ministry to undertake comprehensive analysis of the Chapter “Financial Audit” (3.2.), at least for the three years back, in order to create appropriate comparisons with the audit findings that were addressing deficiencies of the procurement procedures presented here in “Annex 1” (attachment). Moreover, it will be necessary to organize the highest level of internal consideration of the audit recommendations for improvement of the procurement procedures published in annual financial audit reports for the BiH Ministry of Defense. In addition to the internal consideration of the recently received audit recommendations, it will be very important to discuss and to apply the following measures in order to reduce the risks of repetition of the already reported procurement problems of the Ministry of Defense: a) To enable wider participation to the training sessions on the implementation of the “BiH Public Procurement Law” of the majority of staff and the key personnel of the BiH Ministry of Defense, especially for those employees that confirmed their interest in participating to the procurement procedural activities (constant training should reduce risk that procedural mistakes will be repeated due to the incompetence); b) To adopt internal Decision by which any staff member/manager who participated to the procurement procedure that was subject of any chapter of the last audit report (starting from the 2018 budget year) will be banned to participate in any procurement procedure for the period of next three to five years; c) To establish procedure by which any staff member/manager who is going to participate to any procurement teams or to any procurement procedural step, will receive the “engagement decision" that will precisely define his/her work assignments, responsibilities and sanctions for failures and/or for breaches of the legal and procedural obligations. These “engagement decisions" could be standardized in a form of several textual definitions given in the “engagement decision” for the leading member of a working group", for the "working group member" etc., in order to simplify preparations and the execution of the given tasks; d) In cooperation the “Internal Audit Unit”, all public procurement procedures could be segmented by stages and it is possible to define pre-conditions or requirements for the each following stage of the each legally defined procurement procedure. In addition, it is possible to establish internal obligation (the mandatory one) that each procurement stage should be performed in consultation with the internal auditor and/or procurement stages should be certified (approved) by internal auditor (please consider option to learn more about the stage-certification practice active in internal audits of Spain); e) To establish obligatory practice of documenting of each procurement procedure in order to enable follow-ups, to prevent the repetition of the same mistakes, to trace individual responsibilities and to avoid "collective responsibility"; f) To establish prevention measures against of the corruptive misuses of assignments in procurement or misuse of public resources, as well as to establish system of internal sanctions for those individuals or members of the procurement teams who will breach regulations or will try to avoid obligatory steps/procedures; g) In a case that the BiH Ministry of Defense will not succeed to overcome inherited public procurement problems, or will continue with the low level implementation of the audit recommendations related to the public procurement, it will be useful to consider and to initiate adoption of the new legal solutions that will enable “outsourcing” procurement service solution for the BiH Ministry of Defense and for other institutions that were not able to overcome their deficiencies in their procurement for many years back (please consider learn more about the Swedish solutions applied for the public procurement performed by the outsourcing service providers/agencies).

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Službenički sistem u FBiH: pravni partikularizam i a la carte primjena – uzroci i posljedice

Author(s): Emir Mehmedović,Selma Horić / Language(s): Bosnian

Judgment of the Constitutional Court of FB&H No. 27/09, which found that Article 1, paragraph 1 of the Law on Civil Service in FB&H, in the part which refers to cantons, cities and municipalities, is not in accordance with the Constitution of FB&H, broke down theretofore uniform civil service system in the FB&H and opened up the possibility for creation of parallelism in the legislative regulation of this question. In the coming years, with the adoption of Cantonal Laws on Civil Service, legislative parallelism was created. Legislative parallelism has opened up space for legal particularism that is reflected in various legal solutions in laws on civil service and has created, and are likely to create in the future, legal uncertainty in terms of application of appropriate regulations. An example can be the status of advisers to elected and appointed persons in Sarajevo Canton, especially in municipalities and the City of Sarajevo. The aim of this paper is to present the causes and consequences that led to legal parallelism, and then to legal particularism in the civil service law of FB&H, and to indicate the way for possible regulation of this area.

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Etnička struktura stalno zaposlenih u Parlamentarnoj skupštini BiH i Parlamentu Federacije BiH (novembar 2018. godine)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

U kontekstu frekventnih medijskih izjava dijela političkih stranaka ili političkih predstavnika koji “zadnje atome svoje životne energije ulaže u zaštitu naroda” (kojem pripada/ju), pokrenuta je incijativa za pristup javnim informacijama o etničkoj strukturi zaposlenih u dvije od tri ključne institucije zakonodavne razine vlasti u Bosni i Hercegovini: Parlamentarnoj skupštini Bosne i Hercegovine (PSBiH) i Parlamentu Federacije BiH (PFBiH). Bez pretjeranih ambicija, namjera je bila da se napravi osnovni/bazni pregled strukture zaposlenih prema pripadnosti konstitutivnim narodima u te dvije institucije, i to ne samo po ukupnim pokazateljima, već i po strukturi platnih razreda. S obzirom da pozitivni propisi donose veoma širok spektar platnih koeficijenata, sve je pojednostavljeno tako da su platni razredi grupisani u 4 osnovne grupe: (a) najviši rang rukovodećih državnih službenika; (b) rang rukovodioca unutrašnjih organizacionih jedinica; (c) rang državnih službenika osnovne razine; i (c) platni razred zaposlenika/namještenika.

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Opšti izbori u Bosni i Hercegovini 2018: pravni triler bez hepienda?

Author(s): Nedim Ademović / Language(s): Bosnian

The general elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are to be held in October 2018, are questioned. Due to the failure to comply with the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina U-23/14, the incompatibility of the Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and with the international standards of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the normative framework for elections has become so deficient that it will require very detailed analysis and reform! There is no time since the elections are coming very soon, and public officials at the state and federal level, motivated by electoral campaigns, have diametrically different attitudes. For a number of years now, the international community, aside from the media and advisory role, will not take any radical measures to enforce the solutions. It is to estimate, therefore, that blockade will occur because of the impossibility of forming power at federal and state level after the elections. This could really turn into a deep crisis of democracy, which might even come close to situation of endangering the security situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fortunately, for such a situation, the High Representative still has Bonn Powers, de iure and de facto!

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Prison System in Serbia in 2011 – KPZ Niš, KPZ Sremska Mitrovica, KPZ Zabela

Author(s): Ivan Kuzminović,Ljiljana Palibrk / Language(s): English

Serbia’s system for the execution of criminal sanctions has undergone multiple transformations over the past ten years. Since 1991, the prison system has a record of an increasing number of detainees and prisoners, which is the result of a more strict court policy. This occurrence was particularly pronounced as of 2003. Before 2003, the number of detained persons in the Republic of Serbia was steadily between 5,000 and 6,000; whereas afterwards the growth rate of the prison population amounted to more than 10%, so that today, the total increase as compared to the mentioned year surpasses 60%.

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BETON - Kulturno propagandni komplet br. 170, god. XI, Beograd, utorak, 19. april 2016.

Author(s): Gazela Pudar Draško,Vladimir Milojković,Đorđe Majstorović,Iva Kosmos,Dennis Gratz / Language(s): Serbian

MIXER, Iva Kosmos: David Albahari - apolitični nacionalni klasik; ARMATURA, Dennis Gratz: Dve presude i čaša gorčine, Gazela Pudar Draško: Gvozdeni um u godinama raspleta; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Vladimir Milojković: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::, Molimo pozovite kasnije, Đorđe Majstorović: Nekako s izbora

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Teško je napustiti EU

Author(s): Vladimir Gligorov / Language(s): Serbian

Zašto? Uzmimo Jugoslaviju, poređenja radi. Kada se raspadala Jugoslavija verovalo se da će, bar sa ekonomske tačke gledišta, Srbija proći bolje od Slovenije. Jer, dokazivalo se, Slovenija više zavisi od srpskog tržišta nego Srbija od slovenačkog. Takođe, verovalo se da će manje razvijene republike i Kosovo proći najgore. Konačno, hrvatski su političari i ekonomisti dokazivali da će se Hrvatska fiskalno rasteretiti jer se neće prelivati dohodak, kako se govorilo, od razvijenih u nerazvijena područja. Ništa od toga nije bilo tačno.

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Prisajedinjenje Vojvodine

Author(s): Dimitrije Boarov / Language(s): Serbian

Stogodišnjica održavanja Velike narodne skupštine Srba, Bunjevaca i ostalih Slovena u Bačkoj, Banatu i Baranji, koja je održana 25. novembra 1918. u Novom Sadu, a na kojoj je doneta odluka o priključenju Vojvodine Srbiji, kao što je red, proslavljena je nizom prigodnih manifestacija u Srpskoj Atini, a u njima je učestvovao i predsednik Srbije Aleksandar Vučić.

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Kako ne biti Jugoslaven?

Author(s): Viktor Ivančić / Language(s): Croatian

Da li je unisona osuda potpisnika Deklaracije o zajedničkom jeziku dovoljna? Je li time dovršen obračun s Jugoslavenima u Hrvatskoj? Naravno da nije. Hrvatska intelektualna zajednica, istina, kvalitetnom je harangom reagirala na tu provokaciju – na stranu što bi spomenutu bagru valjalo goniti i sudskim putem, po zakonima prijeke prirode – no time opasnost od jugoslavenstva nije ni izbliza suzbijena. Jer osim javnih, postoje i privatne – dakle tajne – manifestacije devijantnih ponašanja. Što je, primjerice, s onim građanima Hrvatske koji Deklaraciju nisu potpisali, a sjećaju se Jugoslavije u povoljnijem svjetlu nego što je to podnošljivo? Takvima zasad ne uspijevamo ni ući u trag.

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Branislav Dimitrijević – intervju

Author(s): Branislav Dimitrijević,Srećko Pulig / Language(s): Serbian

Beogradski teoretičar i povjesničar umjetnosti Branislav Dimitrijević predstavio je u Zagrebu svoju knjigu „Potrošeni socijalizam. Kultura, konzumerizam i društvena imaginacija u Jugoslaviji (1950- 1974)” u izdanju Fabrike knjige iz Beograda. Ovaj autor knjiga i kataloga o modernoj i suvremenoj umjetnosti, kustos i suradnik mnogih muzeja, ovdje se okušao u tematici kulturalnih studija.

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EU kao Jugoslavija

Author(s): Vladimir Gligorov / Language(s): Serbian

U čemu je sličnost između jugoslovenske federacije i Evropske unije? U nedovršenosti, nestabilnosti, nedemokratičnosti, nesklonosti privrednom rastu i razvoju? Najpre, u čemu su razlike. Svaka politička zajednica doprinosi postojanju određenih javnih dobara kao što su bezbednost, pravda i blagostanje. U nekima je nivo tih dobara veći u drugima manji, u nekima građani uživaju sve koristi od života u konkretnoj političkoj zajednici, a u drugima tek neke. Moglo bi se reći, ili bar sam ja tako mislio i kada sam se bavio Jugoslavijom i sada kada gledam šta se događa u Evropskoj zajednici, da se zemlje ili zajednice održavaju ukoliko su bezbedne za njihove stanovnike, a raspadaju se ako nisu pravične. Kako, dakle, stoji stvar kada se taj kriterijum održivosti, nazovimo ga tako, primeni na Evropsku uniju, imajući u vidu iskustvo Jugoslavije.

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