1995-2015 - Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Marina Veličković,Arijana Aganović,Edita Miftari,Saša Gavrić / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2015

(English edition) While working on improving our program and portfolio on women’s human rights we quickly realized the absence of a detailed and visible account of “women’s” history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although there are a significant number of publications and several activist initiatives that address certain fragments of history and explore events, periods of time, and regions, there is currently no exhaustive institutional account of women in Bosnia, nor are attempts being made to create one. The academic community has unfortunately failed in this area. The history of women and their contribution to public life remains at the margins of academic inquiry. The Sarajevo Open Centre published the book Women Documented: Women and Public Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th Century. The book was edited by Jasmina Čaušević, a program coordinator at the Sarajevo Open Centre, in cooperation with ten authors. Through publishing this book, the Sarajevo Open Centre and our partner organizations wanted to celebrate the centenary of the First World War in a different way. It was precisely the work on Women Documented that revealed to us the need for further work exploring women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We hope that our (virtual) museum of women’s history in Bosnia will eventually be institutionalized in Bosnian society. In November and December 2015, we will commemorate the 20-year anniversary of the Dayton Peace Accords – the international agreement that brought peace to Bosnia and Herzegovina and laid the foundations for the long and grueling process of peace-making and trust-building. The Dayton Peace Process was, as this book will demonstrate, a classic example of male politics. The commemoration will, again, be dominated by men – Bosnian and Herzegovinian and world leaders. We decided to conduct this research and publish this book to challenge the male-dominated approach to memory. This publication aims to offer systematic insight into the role played by women in political life. Our goal is to offer a better understanding and a concise overview of political life over the past 20 years, based on the stories of a number of women - activists, politicians and institutional leaders - with the hope that it will inspire other authors to explore BiH political history during this period of time. Since this aspect of history is particularly under-researched, the very process of gathering information was challenging and so we welcome constructive criticism, comments, and suggestions for improvement and enrichment of this text. I would like to thank Marina, Arijana and Edita, who accepted to work with the Sarajevo Open Centre on this project. I would also like to thank my colleague Maida Zagorac, who has helped me immensely with her excellent oversight of both the technical and the substantive aspects of this text. I also owe thanks to the Embassy of Swiss Confederation in Bosnia and Herzegovina for supporting our work and the research of women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovinian.

20 години секция Медицински науки при Съюза на учените в България – клон Сливен

Author(s): Ivan Trifonov,Vasislav Petrov,Maria Todorova,Janeta Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 01+02/2016

2003–2015: ERA MEHANIZAMA ZA RODNU RAVNOPRAVNOST

Author(s): Edita Miftari / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Ovo poglavlje obrađuje žensku politiku i angažmane najaktivnijih političarki u BiH od usvajanja Zakona o ravnopravnosti spolova 2003. godine do trenutka pisanja ovog poglavlja 2015. godine. Usvajanje ovog Zakona se u historiji bh. ženske politike postavlja kao prekretnica u ženskoj političkoj participaciji, a najviše zato što je rodna kvota od 40% koju uvodi dovela i do harmonizacije drugih ključnih zakonskih odredbi, kao što su odredbe Izbornog zakona BiH, o čemu će također biti riječi u poglavlju koje slijedi. Jedan od vrlo važnih momenata u ženskom političkom udruživanju, pored udruživanja unutar političkih partija u različite forume, asocijacije i aktive, predstavlja i formiranje prvog nadstranačkog kluba u Parlamentu Federacije BiH 2013. godine. Stoga će ovo poglavlje obraditi izazove i prepreke sa kojima su se susretale federalne parlamentarke u implementiranju ove inicijative. Ovo poglavlje će obraditi i segment izvršne vlasti u BiH, s obzirom da posljednjih godina žene obnašaju sve više izvršnih funkcija na svim nivoima u BiH, ali će također biti riječi i o unutarstranačkim strukturama nekih političkih partija, odnosno o položaju žena na pozicijama odlučivanja unutar njihovih političkih opcija. Za kraj, ovo poglavlje će kratko predstaviti i nove nade na političkoj sceni u BiH koje predstavljaju budućnost bh. ženske politike.

2003-2015: THE ERA OF GENDER EQUALITY MECHANISMS

Author(s): Edita Miftari / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This chapter covers women’s politics and activism in the period between the adoption of the Gender Equality Law in 2003 and 2015, when this chapter was written. The Gender Equality Law is seen as a turning point for the political participation of women in BiH, primarily because it demanded the harmonization of other laws, including the Electoral Law, with the 40% gender quota it introduced. Another key moment for women’s organizations was the formation of The Club of Women Parliamentarians FBiH in 2013. This chapter will elaborate on the challenges and obstacles the women in the Federal Parliament faced during the implementation of this initiative. The chapter will also discuss the role of women in the Executive since recent years have seen an increase in the number of posts held by women at all levels of the BiH government. The internal organization of political parties will also be discussed, specifically – the role women play in the decisionmaking bodies of their chosen political parties. In its conclusion, this chapter will present the emerging female politicians who represent the future of women’s politics in BiH.

2008 küresel krizinin turizm istatistikleri üzerindeki etkisinin çok değişkenli istatistiksel teknikler ve topsis metodu ile analizi

Author(s): Selay Giray,Özlem Yorulmaz,Özlem Ergüt / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate tourism performance rankings of 145 countries considering three main criteria (tourism revenue, tourism expenditure and number of tourist arrivals) and the effects of 2008 global economic crisis. In this study, classification and rankings of countries and the place of Turkey in the rankings have been investigated using factor analysis, cluster analysis and TOPSIS method for the years between2006-2012. Furthermore, the analysis has been deepened for Turkey, the effects of crisis on Turkish tourism companies have been examined using their financial ratios. Findings reveal that country classifications and rankings are compatible for period before economic crisis and period after economic crisis. The results of both Factor Analysis and TOPSIS indicate that France, China, United States and Spain are belong to ranking of first 10 countries. The classification of Turkey remains the same before and after the crisis, however after the economic crisis, the ranking of Turkey has been moved up according to Factor Analysis and TOPSIS. The volatilities of financial ratios of Turkish tourism companies have been decreased after the period of economic crisis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate tourism performance rankings of 145 countries considering three main criteria (tourism revenue, tourism expenditure and number of tourist arrivals) and the effects of 2008 global economic crisis. In this study, classification and rankings of countries and the place of Turkey in the rankings have been investigated using factor analysis, cluster analysis and TOPSIS method for the years between2006-2012. Furthermore, the analysis has been deepened for Turkey, the effects of crisis on Turkish tourism companies have been examined using their financial ratios. Findings reveal that country classifications and rankings are compatible for period before economic crisis and period after economic crisis. The results of both Factor Analysis and TOPSIS indicate that France, China, United States and Spain are belong to ranking of first 10 countries. The classification of Turkey remains the same before and after the crisis, however after the economic crisis, the ranking of Turkey has been moved up according to Factor Analysis and TOPSIS. The volatilities of financial ratios of Turkish tourism companies have been decreased after the period of economic crisis.

2013-2015 Yılları Katılım Ve Geleneksel Bankacılık Karşılaştırması: Türkiye Örneği

Author(s): Selçuk Bakan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 36/2017

The fact that the interest, which is a must in the banking sector, is forbidden in the Islamic religion directs individuals to interest-free banking in Muslim societies. This case leads to an increased interest in the Islamic finance and Islamic banking in the world economy. In Turkey, the participation banking sector, which is the manifestation of interest-free banking, has demonstrated a rapid growth in recent years. This study provides information about Islamic finance, Islamic banking and participation banking, analyses some financial titles about the participation banking sector in Turkey between 2013 and 2015, compares and contrasts between general banking and participation banking, and analyses the state of participation banking sector. Findings show that while there was a decline in the participation banking sector in 2015 compared to 2013, there was a development in the traditional banking data in the same years. It is believed that the transfer of Bank Asya, one of the participation banks, from the Bank to the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund by the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency and the subsequent process has an important effect in this decline. If necessary measures are taken for the participation banking sector and if the negative issues are not repeated, it can be said that this sector which is developing all over the world can continue its development in Turkey as well.

2015 Yılı Reyting Listesi Program Analizi

Author(s): Uzman Ferhat Bakir,Hamit Ersoy / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: Special/2017

Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişmesi doğrultusunda geleneksel medyanın etkisi ve rolü her ne kadar tartışmalı gözükmekteyse de televizyon; ticari iletişim gelirleri, kamuoyu oluşturma becerisi ve kitlelere ulaşabilme gücü sayesinde günümüz Türkiye’sinde en gözde kitle iletişim aracı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu sebeple televizyon kuruluşlarının yapısı ve sahipliği, televizyonlarda üretilen içerik, televizyonlarda üretilen içeriğin kitleler tarafından kabulü ve beğenilmesi hem özel sektör kuruluşları hem sivil toplum kuruluşları hem de devlet tarafından yakından takip edilmektedir. Televizyondaki içeriğin seyredilme durumunu bir veri halinde sunabilen en temel araç reyting sistemidir. Reyting sistemi, televizyon kanallarında zaman ve program temelli olarak ölçümleme yapan ve hangi televizyon kanalını hangi sosyo-ekonomik statüdeki kişinin seyrettiğini belirlemeye yarayan sistemin adıdır. Bu yolla özel sektör kuruluşları hedef kitlelerine ulaşma adına ticari iletişim planlaması yapmakta ve harcamalar bu sistemdeki izlenme oranlarına göre gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bir anlamda pazar fiyatını belirleyen unsur reyting ölçümleridir. Ayrıca reyting ölçümleri; izleyicinin ilgisini çeken televizyon programlarının türü, içeriği ve hitap ettiği kitle konusunda içtimai, sosyolojik, ekonomik değerlendirme yapabilmeye imkân tanımaktadır. Bu bağlamda televizyon kanallarındaki programlar ve bazı yapım türleri son yıllarda kamuoyunda sıklıkla tartışılmakta ve gündemi meşgul etmektedir. Televizyon dizileri, kuşak programları, izdivaç yapımları alan özelinde ön plana çıkan program türleridir denilebilir. Tüm bu çerçevede 2015 yılında TİAK A.Ş. tarafından tam zamanlı ölçümü yapılan televiyon kanalları reyting listesi incelenmiş, bu listeden yararlanılarak toplam oranlarda ilk yirmi beş’e (25) giren programlar türlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Sonuçta elde edilen anlamlı veriler yorumlanarak 2015 yılı popüler program türleri tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan sınıflandırma, Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu’nun ‘‘Yayınlarda Program Türleri Kod, Taknım ve Sınıflandırmaları’’ adlı kitapçığında belirlenen program türlerinin sınıflandırılması paralelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.

2016 HOLLANDA-TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KRİZİNE HÜRRİYET VE HOLLANDA GAZETESİ ALGEMEEN DAGBLAD’IN BAKIŞININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Author(s): İsmail Cem Feridunoğlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 43/2019

Turkish Ministers' demands to organize rallies for citizens living in Europe within the framework of the constitutional amendment which was enacted by the Grand National Assembly on January 21 and would be offered to the public through a referendum on April 16, and the rejection of these meetings first in Germany and then in the Netherlands were the starting point of the crisis. The problem, which started with Germany, deepened with the Netherlands, which was on the eve of the general elections to be held on March 15, 2017, and was ascended to the level of a diplomatic crisis. First, the speeches to be given by Minister of Justice Bekir Bozdağ in Gaggenau, Germany and Minister of Economy Nihat Zeybekçi in Cologne on March 2 were banned. Afterwards, the tension between the two countries has increased following mutually austere declarations. Considering the differences between the parties' comments on the course of events and their response to the crisis, it is obvious that the election atmosphere on both sides made an impact on the unfolding of the events.

2016 Lithuanian Parliamentary Elections: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes of Young Adults Toward the Political Parties

Author(s): Tomas Maceina,Gintautas Valickas / Language(s): English / Issue: 4 (88)/2017

Our study is directed toward the examination of attitudinal grounds of political decision-making among young (≤ 24 years old) Lithuanian voters in the national parliamentary elections. The focus is on their attitudes regarding politically specific evaluative dimensions (competence, honesty and leadership). To estimate the prognostic values of explicit/implicit attitudes toward different Lithuanian political parties, we asked participants to fill out a questionnaire and to perform three sets of ST-IATs respectively. Due to the low voting diversity among participants, an elaborate data analysis could only be conducted regarding two Lithuanian parties: the Liberal Movement (LRLS) and Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD). The results of our study suggest that explicit attitudes are more important than implicit attitudes in predicting voting behavior. We found that positive explicit and positive implicit attitudes toward the LRLS competence and leadership, respectively, predicted the decision to vote for this party (reference group: non-voters). On the same note, our findings suggest that positive explicit and implicit attitudes toward the TS-LKD honesty predicted the decision to vote for this party (reference group: non-voters). Positive implicit attitudes toward the party’s competence also predicted this decision. Finally, we found that political sophistication was an important factor by only considering explicit attitudes toward TS-LKD. Namely, the increase of explicit attitudes’ prognostic power on the decision to vote for TS-LKD was associated with the decrease of voters’ political sophistication (reference group: non-voters).

2016 metų Seimo rinkimų iššūkis partinei sistemai ir politologams: kaip numatyti žemės drebėjimą?

Author(s): Mažvydas Jastramskis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2 (86)/2017

This article strives to begin an academic discussion about the impact of the 2016 parliamentary elections on the Lithuanian party system. It was previously argued by political scientists that stabilization could be observed around the 2012 parliamentary elections. On the basis of renewed measures of electoral volatility (total volatility, party replacement and external volatility), the following is argued: the observed party system stabilization was more an exception than a trend. In 2016, the party system returned to the usual track: despite the deceptively small success of new parties, an increase in total and especially external volatility (signifying a weak institutionalization of the party system) was observed. If compared to the Western countries, such levels of electoral volatility point to an inchoate party system at best: 2016 was not that special, since earthquakes in Lithuanian elections are very common. Moreover, an updated map of party competition (based on the voters’ evaluations of the parties) space raises another challenge for previous research. It was previously accepted that traditional parties in Lithuania are quite successful in the integration of newcomers: hence, the party system sustains its patterns of competition from election to election, despite the high levels of volatility. However, the 2016 elections bring back the second dimension of competition, which now divides not only the newcomers and the surviving parties, but also the older populist parties vs. the election winner, the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union. Resting on these preliminary findings, the need to further investigate electoral behavior in Lithuania is obvious. The second part of the article discusses what questions are (again) raised for the electoral research after the 2016 elections. It is not an exhaustive list, but there is a clear need to advance knowledge in these aspects: the logic of electoral volatility at the voter’s level, the (changing?) role of the electoral system, the impact of the electoral campaign, the divide between voters and politicians. In the context of these unknowns, the current possibilities of both the party system stabilization and electoral forecasting (political scientists in Lithuania are sometimes criticized for their inability to do this successfully) are viewed critically. There is a parallel between seismologists and Lithuanian political scientists, as both an earthquake and earthquake elections are hard to predict. There is a three-body problem in Lithuanian elections: unstable interactions between the supply, demand and the electoral system lead to unpredictable election results. But precisely because of this there is a need for continuing research.

21. YÜZYIL İSRAİL-TÜRKİYE İLİŞKİLERİNİN LİBERAL GÜVENLİK YORUMU

Author(s): Armağan Örki / Language(s): Turkish / Publication Year: 0

Bu çalışma, liberal kurama bağlı olarak İsrail ve Türkiye ilişkilerinin 21. yüzyıldaki durumunun değerlendirilmesini amaçlamıştır. Liberal kuramın güvenliğe bakışına dayanarak, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin güvenlik yaklaşımını nasıl şekillendirdiği açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Klasik Liberalizmin küresel güvenlik ve barış yorumu, İsrail ile Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilerin tekrar değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Kısacası 21. Yüzyıldaki İsrail ve Türkiye güvenlik algısının liberal kurama dayalı yorumlanması sunulmuştur.

21. Yüzyılda Barış ve Güvenliğin Tesisinde NATO’nun Rolü

Author(s): Sertif Demir / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 18/2016

The aim of article is to analyze what kind of role NATO will play at maintaining the peace and security in the 21st century. NATO will have to survive and contend with the differentiated risks and threats in the 21st century; in where a new global political order is structured. To this end, NATO is expected to keep contributing the peace and security in the 21st century by; being transformed into the globalized collective security organization, continuing to implement the expansion and partnership policies, increasing its military power and capacity, enabling forces and headquarters structure; weakening or eliminating the elements that can disrupt the stability, and responding crisis as required. However, in order to do so, NATO has to cope with internal and external dynamics consisting of various challenges.

22-asis Europos archeologų asociacijos susitikimas Vilniuje

Author(s): Laurynas Kurila / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 42/2016

2016 m. rugpjūčio 31 – rugsėjo 4 dienomis Vilniuje vyko iki šiol didžiausias archeologijos mokslo renginys – 22-asis Europos archeologų asociacijos (European Association of Archaeologists – EAA) susitikimas. Ši kasmetinė konferencija aplankė jau 20 Europos valstybių, o rytinėje Baltijos jūros pakrantėje vyko trečią kartą (1996 m. EAA susitikimas surengtas Rygoje, 2012 m. – Helsinkyje). Lietuvoje tik antrą kartą priimtas tokio masto „keliaujantis“ archeologijos renginys – pirmasis buvo dar 1893 m. Vilniuje surengtas IX Rusijos archeologų suvažiavimas. Žinoma, pastarasis buvo visai kitoks tiek politinėmis aplinkybėmis, tiek dalyvių skaičiumi ir geogra5ja, tiek archeologijos mokslo supratimu ir vietos archeologų bendruomenės pajėgumais, tačiau lėmė kokybinį šuolį Lietuvos archeologijoje, bent jau tuometinės Rusijos imperijos mokslo lygio ribose. Šie du daugiau nei šimtmečio skiriami renginiai ateityje neabejotinai dar ne kartą bus lyginami mokslo istorikų, ir reikia tikėtis, kad Lietuvos archeologijos žingsnis pirmyn bus pagrindinis šių palyginimų motyvas.

25-eri požiūrio į Lietuvos narystę Europos Sąjungoje tyrimų metai: 1991–2016

Author(s): Vladas Gaidys / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 4/2016

Examination of the attitudes towards Lithuania’s membership in the European Community (hereinafter the European Union) has been started in the first representative public opinion surveys. The Public Opinion Research Center at the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law (Lithuanian Academy of Sciences) began to study this issue in 1991. Since then, many representative surveys have been conducted, and attitudes towards the membership have been changing. Also, motives of supporting or not supporting the membership, a thematic discourse and actuality of this issue in the society have been altering. The dynamics of different aspects of the attitudes is analyses in the paper. The empirical results show that after a strong support of the membership 25 years ago, a period of skepticism followed, and later on the period of optimism appeared again. The latest surveys indicate a high support for Lithuania’s membership in the European Union as well. A high support for the membership before the Euro referendum was not defined by believes in quick personal benefits, but rather by believes in benefits for children in the future and for Lithuania in general. This is one of the reasons why later a disappointment in the membership was not fixed. The support for Lithuania’s membership in the EU has been and remains higher among younger, better qualified people and, inhabitants of big cities.

27 Mayıs Darbesi Sonrası Türk Dış Politikasında Yeni Açılımlar: Ortadoğu ve Sovyetler Birliği ile İlişkiler (1960-1965)

Author(s): Fehim Kuruloğlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 54/2017

It is easy to observe some breakpoints on Turkish foreign policy during Republic era. One of this breakpoints had been occured in context of Cyprus Question in the mid 1960’s and a remarkable change is been observed in Turkish policy compared to the previous period. This study will examine the transition of Turkish foreign policy and it’s affects on Turkey-Middle East and Turkey-Soviet’s Union relations. The Detention of the relation between Western and Eastern Blocks were directly influenced the Turkey. Also internal political developments and foreign policy implementations which were largely criticized on public opinion, were the signal of the policy change. Turkey, had joined Western Block unconditionally until 1962, also needed to improve relations with Eastern Block and Middle East countries in the framework of its new policy concept after that date.

3D documentation in archaeological fieldwork: a case study from the site of Metsamor

Author(s): Otto Bagi / Language(s): English / Issue: XXVI/2017

Three-dimensional recording techniques, although growing rapidly in efficiency and applicability for archaeologists, have still not been turned to full account, mainly because they require for the most part expensive equipment and know-how. In this respect, photogrammetry is unique, being relatively cheap and easy to use. The joint Armenian–Polish archaeological project in Metsamor drew on the possibilities of this technology, which is relatively new to archaeological proceedings, in the daily recording system used at the site. The following article discusses the step-by-step application of photogrammetry in field documentation and its positive impact on archaeological work, Metsamor being taken as a case in point.

40. Rocznica śmierci ks. Henryka Wendta

Author(s): Zdzisław Włodarczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 9/2009

W 2010 r. mija 40. rocznica śmierci Henryka Wendta, proboszcza parafii ewangelicko-augsburskiej w Wieluniu. Jeden z uczestników uroczystości pogrzebowych Andrzej Wantuła – Biskup Kościoła Ewangelicko-Augsburskiego w Polsce wspominał: W niedzielę, dnia 15 lutego br. zmarł w Wieluniu śp. ks. Henryk Wendt w 84. roku życia. Pojechałem na pogrzeb (…). Była to manifestacja sympatii dla Zmarłego i ducha ekumenicznego: w pogrzebie wzię- ło udział pół miasta oraz 9 księży rzymskokatolickich, w tym jeden prałat. Nad grobem przemawiał ów prałat oraz miejscowy katolicki proboszcz, oczywiście oprócz naszych księży. Ja przemawiałem w kościele. Henryk Wendt był potomkiem niemieckiej rodziny pastorskiej. Jego dziadek Georg, urodzony w Osnabrück, przybył do Królestwa Polskiego w pocz. XIX w., by prowadzić działalność misyjną wśród Żydów, ojciec Fryderyk był pastorem w Łomży, Rawie i Nowosolnej.

41st Session of the World Heritage Committee Kraków, 2-12 July 2017

Author(s): Magdalena Marcinkowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The 41st session of the World Heritage Committee (“the Committee”) was held in Kraków, 2-12 July 2017. It was Poland’s first time hosting experts from around the world who came together to discuss the system of the protection of the World Heritage Sites. The Committee’s meeting (composed of 21 States Parties) was chaired by Professor Jacek Purchla, Chairperson of the Polish National Committee for UNESCO.

60 anni di ICE-Agenzia in Polonia. 60 lat ICE – Agencji Promocji i Internacjonalizacji Przedsiębiorstw Włoskich w Polsce

Author(s): Antonino Mafodda / Language(s): Polish,Italian / Publication Year: 0

Bilingual volume published in cooperation with the Embassy of Italy in Poland and with the Italian Institute of Culture to celebrate the centenary of the Italian-Polish diplomatic relations (1919–2019).Texts by the renowned Italian and Polish authors (translated from Italian to Polish or vice versa) are divided into two parts: “Diplomacy, economy, history” and “Art, film, literature, theatre”. Such division allows to follow the Polish-Italian bonds in different fields, from translation and performance of the Italian tragedies on the Polish stages, to cooperation with the FIAT company. There is also reflection on the Polish-Italian relations in the difficult interwar period and during the Second World War. In this context one text has exceptional significance - that of Vincenzo Mario Palmieri, Italian anatomic pathologist and a member of the international commission that examined the Katyń massacre in 1943.The volume not only for the Italophiles but also for all those interested in the history of the 20th century and in the issues of the international relations.

6335 Sayılı Kanun Değişikliği Sonrası Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda Ticari Defterlerin Yeni Düzeni Ve Finansal Raporlama

Author(s): Koray Tuan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 6/2013

Turkish Commercial Code No. 6762, which remained in force for over 55 years, has provided for the development of commercial activity in a specific order. However, Turkish Commercial Code was insufficient to cover the current needs in the face of major changes occurring in the economic and trade life of Turkey and the rest of the world. This situation certainly gave rise to the need for preparation and implementation of an update commercial code. For this purpose, the New Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (New TCC) entered into force on July 1, 2012. Code No. 6335, as a 50 articles revision package, entered into force in conjunction with the New TCC published in Official Gazette No. 28339, dated June 30, 2012 in order to prevent problems that might arise in practice and to facilitate adaptation of legislation before effective date of the New TCC. In this study, the radical innovations and regulations on the order of entry of commercial books and financial reporting issues under the Code No. 6102, which also includes the changes of Code No. 6335, were examined and evaluated.