21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ VE 4. SINIF SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI

Author(s): Sinan Ari,Murat Çalişoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 52/2021

Along with the innovations that affect all areas of life, the knowledge and skills that individuals should have are also changing. Considering current conditions, skill classification has been made by many institutions and organizations and 21st century skills have been put forward. Curriculum, which is one of the most important parts of the education and training process, acts as a guide in adapting to these changing conditions more easily and raising healthy individuals. From this point of view, on the basis of this study, it is aimed to examine the primary school 4th grade Social Studies course curriculum within the scope of 21st century skills. The study was planned according to the case study within the scope of qualitative research, the data were collected by document analysis and the obtained data were subjected to descriptive analysis based on the determined themes. At the end of the study, it was seen that the general and specific aims of the program include 21st century skills, and the program includes 21st century skills within the framework of perspective and competencies. However, it has been observed that it is not clear which skill is directly associated with the acquisitions and explanations, and there are some suggestions to the practitioners regarding the implementation of the program. At this point, it is thought that making the acquisition-skill relationship more clear and understandable will provide convenience in practice.

21. Yüzyıl Postmodern Japon Edebiyatının Aykırı Sesleri: İkezava Natsuki, Seirai Yūiçi ve Kobayaşi Takici

Author(s): Devrim Çetin Güven / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The 20th century ended with the dissolution of systems based on “modernist” ideals. Although the 21st century was considered to become the construction process of a unipolar but multibase, decentralized, harmonious “new World”, it began as an era of crises of terror, war, refugee issues reminding Huntington’s twisted prediction entitled “the clash of civilizations”. To these were added major economic crises and ecological disasters such as tsunami and global warming. These crises deeply affected Japan, which is one of the important actors of the new world order, especially at the socioeconomic level. In response to such national and international crises, in Japanese literature it was observed several efforts of settling accounts with the past on the one hand, and grasping the “present” on the other. To grasp and express these phenomena a new language, a new style and an entirely new imagination were needed. Indeed, the most predominant feature of 21st century Japanese literature is the reception of postmodernism at theoretical and artistic levels. The prominent figures of this new postmodern literature have been such experimental writers as Tawada Yōko, Levy Hideo, Ikezawa Natsuki and Seirai Yūichi who skilfully articulated the national-international crises, and the individuals’ reactions at them. In our article, we named this literary style as “alternative postmodern Japanese literature” and focused on three specific works: Ikezawa Natsuki's novel Burden of Flowers (2000), Seirai Yūichi’s short stories Ground Zero— Nagasaki (2006) and Kobayashi Takiji’s novella Crab Cannery Ship (1929) that was rediscovered by readers in 2008. We aim firstly to explain the originality of this sui generis literary current, then to demonstrate how postmodernism was received by such writers as Ikezawa and Seirai, or how such theories were anticipated almost a century ago, as is the case in Kobayashi’s text, finally to put forward suggestions about how these literary works with such features may contribute to the education of Japanese language.

21. YÜZYILDA ULUSLARARASI UZAY REJİMİNİN İNSANLIĞIN ORTAK MİRASI TEMELİNDE YENİDEN İNŞASI

Author(s): Aybüke İnan Şimşek,Senem Atvur / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2021

The successful launch of the satellite Sputnik I by the USSR into the Earth orbit in 1957 started the “Space Age”, and also triggered the discussions about states’ sovereignty in space and how they use space area. In this process, the space law was tried to be codified with the initiatives of the United Nations, but the official documents such as the Outer Space Treaty or the Moon Agreement could not clarify the status of space and whether the outer space is common heritage of (hu)mankind. Moreover, the legal ambiguity in space has become more controversial due to the space activities like the colonization of Mars which has been recently accelerated. The transformation of space activities towards a multi-actor structure has brought out the need for a new international space regime. Hence, this study aims to discuss why the international space regime should be reconstructed in the framework of common heritage of (hu)mankind. This normative discussion will be deepened through the transnational approach and the role of epistemic communities in the context of the Constructivist Theory of International Relations.

21ST CENTURY WILLS

Author(s): Dubravka Klasiček / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Wills are formal legal affairs that must satisfy strict prerequisites in order to be valid. Otherwise, they will be either automatically null or voidable. The rules pertaining to the form of wills have always been strict and have required wills to be made in a certain way. It is said that the amplified formalism promotes testamentary intent, ensures reliable evidence of testator’s wishes and reinforces the gravity of testation. However, it seems that, as of late, formalism sometimes clashes with the real intent of the decedent. Some countries have already adopted rules that allow judges to consider documents that do not meet all of the formal requirements needed for wills, to be valid and have effect. By doing so, they have opened the door to creation of certain new types of wills, made with the help of digital technology, that have never existed before – i.e. wills created with the help of smartphones, cameras or computers. Wills made with the help of digital technology are extremely informal but nonetheless; they purport testamentary intentions of the people who made them. These wills would not have any effect in most countries, however, in some, they can be declared valid, under certain conditions. This paper deals with a number of such examples and implications of abandoning strict formalism concerning the form of wills.

25 godina Daytonskog mirovnog sporazuma

Author(s): Josip Mlakić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 115/2020

Postoje prijelomni događaji u našim životima, ili su nam se takvima učinili u trenutku kad su se dogodili, i koje stoga pamtimo cijeloga života, i to s takvom živošću da nerijetko pamtimo i neke banalne detalje vezane za trenutak kad smo doznali za njih. Svatko onaj tko je odrastao u bivšoj državi, vjerujem, sjeća se trenutka kad je čuo vijest da je umro Josip Broz Tito, kao i toga gdje se nalazio u tom trenutku, što je radio, kao i osjećaja zbunjenosti i straha pred nečim novim, jer smo intuitivno bili svjesni da ništa više neće biti kao što je bilo. Ili nam se tako činilo u tom trenutku?

25 godina Daytonskog mirovnog sporazuma. Odgovornost međunarodne zajednice za stanje u BiH

Author(s): Mladen Bevanda / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 115/2020

Svi oni koji su privrženi, vjerni svojoj domovini imaju pravo, ali i obvezu, slobodno izreći i kritički govoriti kako vide stanje u BiH nakon četvrt stoljeća od donošenja, usvajanja Daytonskog sporazuma. Pritom ne treba osjećati strah da će se odgovarati za svaki prigovor, za izraženo mišljenje. Svojedobno su, naime, mnogi hrvatski dužnosnici, i ne samo oni, oštro kažnjavani samo zato što su bona fide – u najboljoj namjeri – otvoreno iznosili svoje objekcije, zamjerke na samovoljno mijenjanje i nametanje rješenja koja su bila protivna slovu i duhu Daytona. Nekad neupitan, danas je ovaj Sporazum toliko izobličen, izmijenjen da ne sliči svom izvorniku. Hrvatski narod, međutim, trpi teške posljedice samovoljnog, bezobzirnog prekrajanja, ionako nepravednog Daytonskog sporazuma.

25 rokov univerzitnej slovakistiky v Prahe

Author(s): Magdalena Kroupová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2020

V minulom roku uplynulo štvrťstoročie od otvorenia samostatného odboru slovakistika na Filozofickej fakulte Univerzity Karlovej v Prahe. Po výučbe jednotlivých slovakistických predmetov v priebehu druhej polovice 20. storočia sa historickým medzníkom v roku 1994 stal vznik Kabinetu slovakistiky, prvého českého pedagogicko-vedeckého pracoviska zameraného špeciálne na štúdium slovakistických disciplín a česko-slovenských vzťahov.

25. Konferencja Generalna ICOM — KYOTO 2019, 1–7 września 2019

Author(s): Małgorzata Oleszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Conference-Report: 25. Konferencja Generalna ICOM — KYOTO 2019, 1–7 września 2019. Reported by Małgorzata Oleszkiewicz.

30 godina od početka rata u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Dragan Markovina / Language(s): Croatian

Trideseta godišnjica tzv. Krvavog Uskrsa na Plitvicama, koji se vodi kao službeni početak nikad proglašenog rata u Hrvatskoj, vlasti su obilježile u sred trećeg vala pandemije. Posve uobičajeno, s par prigodnih govora, s medijima koji su bili puno zainteresiraniji za sukob između predsjednika i premijera oko toga tko će biti na čelu Vrhovnog suda i s dobacivanjem radikalnih nacionalista koji su premijera vrijeđali zbog koalicije s SDSS-om, personificiranim u liku Milorada Pupovca. Istovremeno, dan ranije u Aržanu, rodnom mjestu Josipa Jovića kojeg službena historiografija vodi kao prvog poginulog branitelja svečano je obilježen početak gradnje memorijalnog centra koji će nositi njegovo ime. Josip Jović je, uz sedmoricu ranjenih, bio jedini čovjek koji je poginuo tog Uskrsa na Plitvicama u uniformi specijalne policije MUP-a Hrvatske, dok je s druge strane na strani pobunjenih Srba, poginuo Rajko Vukadinović. Iako kratkotrajan sukob, on se logično obilježava kao početak rata u Hrvatskoj, a u svemu što se oko njega događalo i događa možemo vidjeti kompletnu ratnu i poratnu stvarnost Hrvatske. S jedne strane, miting istine na Plitvicama, odluka da se tamošnji nacionalni park pripoji samoproglašenoj SAO Krajini, upad paravojske u hotele i upravu Nacionalnog parka i to u vrijeme dok se tamo odmaraju turisti, pokušaj hrvatskih vlasti da vrate otuđeni dio teritorija pod svoju kontrolu, balvani na cesti, zasjeda, okršaj i na koncu pobjeda hrvatskih vlasti te uspostava policijske stanice Republike Hrvatske na Plitvicama, sve uz nekoliko ljudi koji će kasnije odigrati bitne uloge u ratu i poraću.

30 lat rosyjskiej polityki imigracyjnej i jej znaczenie z perspektywy Federacji Rosyjskiej i obszaru poradzieckiego

Author(s): Andrzej Szabaciuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The article aims to analyze the immigration politics of the Russian Federation from the perspective of the last three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union. We have considered its importance from the point of view of the domestic and foreign policy of the state. Since 2000, with the beginning of Vladimir Putin’s first presidency, we have been observing a significant increase in the importance of the immigration policy of the Russian Federation, which was an important component of the Russian population policy and one of the key instruments to counteract the deepening depopulation of the state. However, the growing popularity of labor migration to the Russian Federation and the low effectiveness of managing migration flows resulted in a massive influx of irregular migrants, which have used some of the Russian political circles to fuel anti-immigration sentiments. Because of this politics, since 2007, we have been observing a gradual departure from the earlier model of immigration policy, open to labor migration from the Commonwealth of Independent States, towards a policy limiting the influx of Muslim migrants from Central Asia. At the same time Russian government have invited Russian-speaking people from the post-Soviet area to settle in Russia. The introduced restrictions allowed the Russian Federation to use the facilitation of access to the Russian labor market as an instrument encouraging the political and economic integration of the post-Soviet states within the structures controlled by the Russian Federation. The increase in the political component of immigration policy did not change the fact that it was thanks to the influx of people from the post-Soviet area that Russia avoided the depopulation that is currently observed in Ukraine. Analyzing the situation of the Russian Federation and its politics towards the post-Soviet region, the realistic paradigm was used as it best reflects the specificity of the region.

30 YEARS OF TRANSFORMATION AND RECONSTRUCTION. THE SECURITY OF ROMANIA IN THE POST-COMMUNIST ERA

Author(s): Roxana Olteanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In 2020, Romania celebrates 30 years since the establishment of the first contacts with NATO and three decades since the creation of its first post-communist security institutions. If the year of 1989 is one of breakup from the communist regime, the evolution of 1990 represents, therefore, the first steps for resetting most of the areas of state functioning, including the issues related to national security. The purpose of this paper is to provide a short glimpse into Romania’s security situation in 1990, in order to reveal the progress of the 30 years of mutations and reform, and to highlight that there are areas that need further improvement and lessons to be learnt. In relation to the recent past, the study operates with three concepts: understanding (the path), consolidating (the objectives already achieved) and improving (the vulnerable areas of transformation).

3D documentation in archaeological fieldwork: a case study from the site of Metsamor

Author(s): Otto Bagi / Language(s): English Issue: XXVI/2017

Three-dimensional recording techniques, although growing rapidly in efficiency and applicability for archaeologists, have still not been turned to full account, mainly because they require for the most part expensive equipment and know-how. In this respect, photogrammetry is unique, being relatively cheap and easy to use. The joint Armenian–Polish archaeological project in Metsamor drew on the possibilities of this technology, which is relatively new to archaeological proceedings, in the daily recording system used at the site. The following article discusses the step-by-step application of photogrammetry in field documentation and its positive impact on archaeological work, Metsamor being taken as a case in point.

50 VJET GJURIMIME ALBANOLOGJIKE SERIA E SHKENCAVE HISTORIKE

Author(s): Nuridin Ahmeti / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 50/2020

Krahas revistave të njohura shkencore, kulturore e letrare, që filluan të dalin në Prishtinë “Përparimi” dhe “Jeta e re” , pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore, një vend me rëndësi e zë edhe revista “Gjurmime albanologjike”. Në fakt, kjo revistë rrugëtimin e fillon nga viti 1962, kur edhe u botua numri i parë, që asokohe ishte organ i Katedrës së Albanologjisë të Fakultetit Filozofik të Prishtinës. Kryeredaktori i parë i kësaj reviste ishte Profesor i nderuar Idriz Ajeti, ndërsa redaksia përbëhej nga Ali Hadri, Enver Gjerqeku, Shefqet Pllana dhe Idriz Ajeti. Pra, kjo revistë shkencore filloi të botohej dy vjet pas hapjes së Fakultetit Filozofik në Prishtinë më 1960. Shkrimet në këtë revistë, botoheshin në dy gjuhë, në shqipe dhe në serbishte. Punimet në numrin e parë, ishin nga fusha e gjuhësisë, historisë dhe folklorit. Punimet shoqëroheshin edhe me nga një rezyme në gjuhë të huaj si: gjermanisht, frëngjisht e rusisht. Në numrin e parë me punime kontribuuan studiuesit e vendit, si: Idriz Ajeti, Hasan Kaleshi, Ali Hadri, Shefqet Pllana, Hilmi Agani, Anton Çetta, Haxhi Krasniqi e Syrja Pupovci dhe të huaj, si: Danilo Barjaktarević, Miodrag Šijaković, Mirko Barjaktarević, P.Ž. Petrović, Dragutin Mićović, Milan Budimir dhe Milivoj Pavlović. Numri i parë i kësaj reviste u shtyp në shtypshkronjën “Rilindja” në Prishtinë. Revista nuk u botua rregullisht, në vitin 1965 u botua një vëllim, numri 2, në vitin 1966 doli një vëllim, numri 3 dhe me dy emra të rinj në redaksi, Mark Krasniqin dhe Vojislav Dančetovićin.

60 anni di ICE-Agenzia in Polonia. 60 lat ICE – Agencji Promocji i Internacjonalizacji Przedsiębiorstw Włoskich w Polsce

Author(s): Antonino Mafodda / Language(s): Polish,Italian Publication Year: 0

Bilingual volume published in cooperation with the Embassy of Italy in Poland and with the Italian Institute of Culture to celebrate the centenary of the Italian-Polish diplomatic relations (1919–2019).Texts by the renowned Italian and Polish authors (translated from Italian to Polish or vice versa) are divided into two parts: “Diplomacy, economy, history” and “Art, film, literature, theatre”. Such division allows to follow the Polish-Italian bonds in different fields, from translation and performance of the Italian tragedies on the Polish stages, to cooperation with the FIAT company. There is also reflection on the Polish-Italian relations in the difficult interwar period and during the Second World War. In this context one text has exceptional significance - that of Vincenzo Mario Palmieri, Italian anatomic pathologist and a member of the international commission that examined the Katyń massacre in 1943.The volume not only for the Italophiles but also for all those interested in the history of the 20th century and in the issues of the international relations.

A ako baš zagusti…

Author(s): Aleksandar Goljc / Language(s): Serbian

„Premda je to ludilo, ipak u njemu ima metode“, govorio je Polonije. Postupci glavnog ruskog načelnika potvrđuju ove reči. Samo četiri dana nakon početka masakra, koji se po naređenju Roskomnadzora (Federalna agencija za nadzor informacionih tehnologija i komunikacije) od sada ima zvati „specijalna vojna operacija“, Vladimir Putin je izjavio: „Najviši zvaničnici vodećih zemalja Natoa dozvolili su sebi agresivne izjave o našoj zemlji, stoga naređujem ministru Odbrane i načelniku Generalštaba da snage ruskih nuklearnih snaga za odvraćanje stave u stanje posebne borbene gotovosti“.

A Brief Historical Overview of Drugs and Race in the Modern United States

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Author(s): Bence Pesenyánszki / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In this paper I intend to argue that the War on Drugs, or American prohibitive drug policy in general, is heavily responsible in driving ethnic conflicts before and after 1970, to contextualize the events of the 2010s in order to provide a historical background. This paper aims to prove that Richard Nixon’s War on Drugs was aimed at maintaining a form of social control over the newly equal black community, and at the retention of some previously held executive and political power over them. Prohibitive drug policy is responsible in a large part for the unrests of the 2010s as a result. To be able to draw this conclusion the history of drugs and race in the United States needs to be briefly reviewed and compared with the international drug regulation, because the two frequently influenced each other during the 20th century, and without this history, an organic understanding of contemporary ethnic conflicts in the United States cannot manifest.

A circular pool in the main courtyard of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos. Preliminary remarks

Author(s): Marcin M. Romaniuk / Language(s): English Issue: XXVI/2017

Excavations in the main courtyard of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos in 2016, Polish excavations, revealed a small circular pool with immured tops of Dressel 6A amphorae in the wall surrounding it and a circular imprint in the middle of the floor. The paper undertakes a discussion of possible form and function, putting forward a tentative interpretation based on a study of parallels that we are dealing with an ornamental pool, a popular furnishing of wealthy Roman house gardens, functioning perhaps as a fishpond (piscina) or a tank with water constantly running in and out, with a labrum or columnar pedestal standing in the middle.

A Closer Look to the ‘Ever Ending’ Democratic Deficit Discussions in the European Union

Author(s): Buket ÖKTEN SİPAHİOĞLU / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2021

Discussions on the authority and responsibility of the European Union (EU) institutions are more than as it seems. As a supranational organization, democratization of the EU has long been discussed. Some researchers have argued that the EU's democracy deficit stems from its structural state. Opposing ideas claim that the EU is democratic enough. In this sense, both the inequality between the institutions and the difference between the structures of the institutions are the subject matter of the discussion. Decision making process is made through European Parliament (EP) in which the members are chosen by the EU states’ public. Despite the limited authorization of EP, this parliament is expected to be the voice of public. Recent Eurozone crisis and the results of the 2019 EP elections flared up the debate. This paper argues that there cannot be direct democracy in the union i.e. citizens cannot participate directly in the Community-decision making process and this does not cause a democratic deficit. The EU is not and cannot be- by nature- a state, therefore its democratization is unquestionable.

A Comparative Analysis of The Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity of Selected Food Processing Companies in Turkey

Author(s): Saeid Hajihassaniasl / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2021

The main purpose of the study is the efficiency and productivity analysis of selected firms that operating in the Turkey food processing industry in 2015-2019 period. In the study, two variables, namely the equity of the firms and the number of paid employees, are used as input, while the net sales values of the firms are used as output. Estimates were made in two stages using the Data Envelopment Analysis method and the Malmquist index approach as a method. The technical efficiency results of the firms in the first stage showed that all firms except one firm operate below the optimal scale. The results of the Malmquist index in the second stage of the study showed that the technical efficiency changes of all firms increased in the examined period, and there was an increase in productivity in all firms except for three firms. However, technological development changes in most of the companies decreased in the period under consideration. According to the results, the decrease in technological change was determined as the important factor causing the decrease in productivity of these companies.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP (EDC) COMPETENCES IN THE ICELANDIC AND ROMANIAN CONTEXT

Author(s): Alina S. Reșceanu,Anh-Dao K. Tran,Magnús Á.S. Magnússon / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This comparative study has a two-fold aim. On the one hand, it provides a description of the national educational framework – legislative provisions, institutional strategies and policies – and the regional and local practices regarding the presence of Education for Democratic Citizenship (EDC) competences in the educational process. On the other hand, it brings together two educational systems that share a full commitment to European values and principles, but which are based on historically different and distant cultures. More specifically, this research starts from the presentation of EDC in the two contexts, comparing the presence of the EDC competences in policy and strategy documents, academic curricula and syllabi of study programmes relevant for EDC, focusing on the role and importance of education as a site of learning for democratic citizenship. Overall, it capitalizes the results obtained in the joint research work carried out within the international joint project “A Comparative and Transferable Approach to Education for Democratic Citizenship (ACTA)”, funded under the EEA Grants - Financial Mechanism 2014-2021 and implemented during September 2018-April 2020 by the University of Craiova, in partnership with the University of Iceland and Bifröst University.