Educational and Publishing Activity in the Ressurectionist Uniate Center in Edirne (Former Adrianople), 1863–1914

Author(s): Wojciech Józwiak / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2014

Members of the Congregation of Resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ have been active in Edirne (f. Adrianople) for more than a half of the century, during which period they have used a variety of tactics to increase the number of Bulgarians recognizing religious sovereignty of Rome. Depending of the means chosen by the missionaries there were three main approaches leading towards that goal: religious propaganda, educational and informative way. Manuscripts and publications played essential part of pro-uniate activity in all three of those tactics. The authors, translators and often publishers of those documents were members of the mission (the printing house was established at the end of 1870's as a result of the efforts of the superior Tomasz Brzeski.

Polska proza galicyjska przed wojną i po wojnie

Author(s): Marek Wilczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Usually Schulz’s fiction is not interpreted with reference to the Holocaust and massive ethnic cleansing in East-Central Europe during World War II. The present paper is rooted in a belief that some of his later stories can actually be treated as “prophetic”when placed in a sequence consisting of the works by Schulz and other Polish writers from Galicia: Ida Fink, a Holocaust survivor, Zygmunt Haupt, an émigré in the United States, and Leopold Buczkowski, after the war in Poland. Schulz’s followers, at least ina chronological sense, seem to have been inspired by the metaphorical energy of hisfiction, though in the stories by Fink and Haupt, as well as the early novels by Buczkowski,the Schulzean metaphor is replaced by metonymy – a figure of death, and allegory – in Walter Benjamin’s terms, a post mortem mask of history stigmatized by violence. Arguably, Fink, Haupt, and Buczkowski recorded in their fiction the fulfillment of Schulz’s catastrophic prophecy.

Archívne dokumenty k výskumu spolkového života v meste Košice v období 1867 – 1914

Author(s): Nikoleta Lattová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

In the second half of the 19th century in Hungary there was an enormous increase in the number of associations. While in 1862 there were 579 registered associations, in 1878 it was already 3995. The associations had no duty to keep administration paperwork and agenda. They were acting as independent communes and as a result of this were autonomous written records and administration paperwork. Public authorities had no right to interfere in their own administration records, they just might have consulted them. The way how the written records of each association were kept and preserved for the future generations depended on its individual "conscientious" members. This has resulted in a fact that the researchers who are dealing with the issues of administration record keeping have access mainly to incomplete and fragmentary archive documents. The aim of the article is to present the conditions of the archival historical sources that are related to the research of community life and life in associations in the city of Kosice in 1867 – 1914. The research was conducted in archives and libraries located in the investigated city of Košice, as well as in the same type of institutions in Budapest. Available historical sources particularly include the articles of associations, reports to the police headquarters and own documents and records of associations themselves. These include documents such as speeches, annual reports, reports on general meetings, almanacs, journals, publications published by associations and issues of memorial books published on the occasion of special anniversaries to commemorate the founding of association.

La propagande française et les Bulgares sur le front d’Orient

Author(s): Georgi Peev / Language(s): French Issue: 3-4/2015

During the First World War the states of the two warring camps used also the mighty power of the propaganda machine. The impact methods aimed, on the one hand, to positively influence their own soldiers and the population in the rear, and on the other, to crush the enemy’s morale. But while there are a lot of papers about the propaganda on the Western Front, such studies are missing for the Bulgarians as an enemy with which the Entente fought for three years from October 1915 to September 1918. The purpose of this study is to briefly review the propaganda of one of the major warring states France, against the Bulgarians. Bulgaria’s entry into the First World War in the autumn of 1915 partly surprised the Entente, which to the last moment until hoped that it would be able to attract Bulgaria or at least would force it to maintain its neutrality. In the first months, the lack of specific knowledge of the enemy forced the French to use mass materials provided by the Serbian side. When the efforts proved unsuccessful and Bulgaria ranked among the enemies of France, the propaganda machine started to rotate. To the French audience, the new enemy was portrayed as a wild, cruel and belligerent nation who did not stop at anything to conquer the surrounding countries. Three years later, the French propaganda was already targeting the enemy, using the particular problems of the Bulgarian soldiers in the trenches the deprivation and fatigue of the fighting, the growing distrust of the ruling and the desire for a peaceful exit from the war. Many testimonies and facts showed that, at least in terms of soldiers, propaganda was successful. But after the signing of the Neuilly Peace Treaty, the Bulgarians felt cheated by the promises of a just peace, and France was the country that was basically accused of deceived illusions.

Културни връзки между българи и поляци според документи на братя Стефан и Никола Бобчеви, съхранявани в НБКМ-БИА

Author(s): Lyubomir Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Stefan Savov Bobchev was a chairman of the Slavic Society in Sofia for nearly 40 years (1903-1940). A university professor, he was a member of the Academies of Sciences of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, and of the Polish Scientific Society in Lvov. Nikola Savov Bobchev graduated from a high school in Nikolaev and got a PhD in philosophy at Leipzig. He worked as a teacher, director of the National Library in Sofia and editor of the Slavic Society in Bulgaria. Both brothers have large archival funds in the Bulgarian Historical Archives at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library (CMNL-BHA). There is an interesting red book “The Justice of Old Poland. Lectures of S. S. Bobchev”. Prof. Petar Dinekov wrote letters from Warsaw to Dr. N. Bobchev about the literary and political life in Poland. The documentary heritage of S. Bobchev and N. Bobchev paints a vivid and rich of details of the relationship between the intellectual elites of the two European nations.

Российский правовед А.А. Башмаков о графе Н.П. Игнатьеве

Author(s): Ljudmila Gorina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The figure of Count N.P. Ignatiev as well as his impressive diplomatic career are well known to the specialists. The Russian scholar and legislator A.A. Bashmakov, however, needs a presentation primarily because as a close acquaintance of N.P. Ignatiev he published in 1916 the Notes of the Russian diplomat San-Stefano and After San-Stefanо together with his own, Bashmakov’s Addenda closely tied with the main text of the books. These Addenda are an interesting source about the history of the Eastern Crisis and about the diplomatic activity of Count N.P. Ignatiev. The author analyses in detail the question of ‘the diplomatic school of Ignatiev’, which is mentioned in the fundamental work of the American scholar McKenzie, but still requires further elucidation.

Грамотност на българското духовенство в Македония по примера на Неврокопска епархия (1904–1912): статистически и изворови аспекти

Author(s): Stanislava Stoytcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2017

The study focuses on an issue that has not yet been investigated in the Bulgarian historiography - the topic of the literacy of the Bulgarian parish priests in Macedonia, and specifically in the largest Nevrokop eparhy, after the Gorna Dzhumaia (1902) and the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie (1903) uprisings and up to the Balkan War (1912). The main points in the historiography, the trends in the archival documents of the Bulgarian Exarchate and the Bulgarian Commercial Agencies (from 1908 consulates), as well as the attitudes of the periodical press from the first decade of the 20th century, published in the Ottoman Empire, are outlined. The topic of the clergy literacy is analyzed on the basis of numerous documents from the archives of the Holy Metropolis of Nevrokop and its subordinate structures, statistics, ecclesiastical and parish registers, etc. The main signs of literacy are considered, which can be traced very well through statistics and documents, such as: basic literacy (reading and writing skills); type and level of education; theological literacy; occupation of the priests before their ordination; reading culture, newspaper subscriptions, and literary work. On this basis, an attempt is made for a social cleavage of the clergy in Pirin Macedonia and in particular in the Nevrokop eparhy.

СТАТУС ХАТНЬОЇ РОБІТНИЦІ В УРБАНІЗОВАНОМУ СОЦІУМІ УКРАЇНИ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ.

Author(s): Myroslav Borysenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

The article is devoted to the study of the status of maids in the conditions of the urbanized space of Ukraine at the first half of the twentieth century. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the connection social status and household development at the first half of the twentieth century. The author analyses the economic and political status of domestic workers according to their household environment. The author uses anthropological approaches in his study, which is typical of the history of everyday life. The article is dedicated to unfamiliar problem in Ukrainian history science. The author explores social status of invisible social group – the servants. It is first attempt to describe the ordinary life of Ukrainian maids as a separately strata of society. In those time women has not opportunity to find good job in the city and they have been oppressed and unequal. Home working was one of the not numerous way for women adoption in the not hospitality cites. Many maids worked illegally without any agreement and it was a first reason for the conflicts. The servants have not own dwelling and they lived in apartments with employers. Servants have going more power in home space but them social rank in public space was too low. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historiography the status of domestic workers in Ukraine in the interwar period was considered. The author first demonstrated the difference between the wages of domestic workers in large and small cities. Also, in the article on the basis of archival materials, for the first time, is reflected the social character of employers in domestic work in Soviet Ukraine. The author also is substantiated his vision of the causes of the decline of the Institute of domestic workers in Ukraine. Conclusions: The article shows the lack of fundamental research on the problems of domestic work in modern Ukrainian historical science. Also in the work proved that workers in industrial cities were the main consumers of services of maids. The main reason for the low social status of maids was their ambivalent position in society and family.

Павел Генадиев. Кратки характеристики и спомени за художниците – сътрудници в списанието ми „Художник“.

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2017

Book Review

Pasje sportowe legionistów w okresie pierwszej wojny światowej i w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Author(s): Tadeusz Wolsza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The article deals with interests of legionaries in sports participation during World war I and their later activities in various sports associations and clubs. Some of them participated in sporting competitions on the championship level, including Olympic Games. Leading politicians of the Second Polish Republic acted as patrons of sporting events, especially those of high prestige. Especially popular were equestrian competitions, soccer, and chess tournaments.

БЪЛГАРИТЕ И РАЗПРОСТРАНЕНИЕТО НА ЛЕВИТЕ ИДЕОЛОГИИ В СОЛУН В НАЧАЛОТО НА XX ВЕК

Author(s): Yura Konstantinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Thessaloniki, the main city of the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire, due to its strategic location and its multiethnic population, is the centre of the modern ideologies in the first decade of the 20th century. This characteristic distinguished it essentially from the cosmopolitan Ottoman cities along the Asia Minor coast and makes the study of the ideological influences between the different nationalities in it particularly interesting. The Bulgarians had a significant role to play in the political and ideological ebullience that had gripped Thessaloniki during the first decade of the 20th century. They are among the most prominent proponents of the national, socialist and anarchist idea.

Становлення теорії синтаксичного зв’язку в українському мовознавстві (ХVІІ – початок ХХ ст.)

Author(s): Natalia V. Kobchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 53/2018

In Ukrainian linguistics, there are no historiographical papers offering an adequate description of the origin and development of the syntactic connection theory. Elsewhere, I have already proposed a periodization of the research on syntactic connections from the time of the appearance of first Slavic grammars until today, which distinguishes five historical stages. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize particularly the first three periods of the development of research on syntactic connections – from the 17th century until the 1930s. The first stage (17th–18th centuries) is the beginning of the syntactic connection theory. The syntactic chapters in the grammars of this period deal with studying the ability of some parts of speech to combine with other words. The second stage (19th century) is the period of approval of terminology and formation of the ground for deepening the syntactic connection theory. All scholars of the period defined two possible realizations of the syntactic connection – agreement and government. The third stage (the beginning of the 20th century until the 1930s) was the period in which the morphological criterion prevailed. The typical symptom of this observed in the period is consideration of syntactic connections between pairs of words in isolation from the rest of the sentence components. The crucial research perspective opened up by the study is to explain in detail the development of research on syntactic connections from the 1940s until today

Izvori za etnografiju Istre 1848-1945 godine

Author(s): Josip Milićević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 6-7/1984

The crucial year of 1848 and the abolishment of feudalism did not bring much improvement to the peasant of Istria since the colon relations continued. Ethnographic descriptions written after that year mostly had the purpose of supporting the governing class, and proving that the Slav population, which was the most numerous, did not have any ethnographic distinctions and thus should naturally assimilate to Italian culture. The major proponent of such ideas was Carlo Combi. Some of his views were incorporated also in later publications. The travelogues of French and Austrian authors from that period are somewhat more objective when they present ethnographic data. They exist, however, only for the period before the Italian occupation, while after World War I only descriptions by Italian authors become available. At the end of the 19th century, Josip Ptašinski tried to start the publication of »The Ethnography of the Slavic People in Istria« and to establish an ethnographic museum, but with no success. Several Croatian authors collected data on culture, but a very small part of their manuscripts was published. Their work also ceased during the Italian occupation; for instance, it was forbidden to Jakov Mikac to carry out any ethnographic research. During the Second World War, Istrian villages were destroyed,. and so was the material ethnographic evidence and sources. After the War, the ethnographic research has not been properly organized, so that even today we do not have enough data gathered for an ethnographic presentation of Istria.

Советская протобуржуазия: генезис высшего класса российского общества

Author(s): M. A. Beznin,T. M. Dimoni / Language(s): Russian Issue: 27/2019

In the article the authors define the three stages in the genesis of a proto-bourgeoisie: 1917 — 1920s, 1930s — early 1960s, mid-1960s — 1991. The first stage was characterized by the initial formation of a new class, a key role for which was nomenklatura system that outlined professional contours of the new elite. The second stage was latent aging of this class, characterized by consolidation and corporatism. The restructuring of the Party apparatus according to the production-branch principle in the 1930s required professionalization and Prty management. In the second stage, this class staked out its share in society, main groups emerged, and the logic of its action developed in a system of state capitalism with divided rights of ownership. In the third stage, the developing proto-bourgeoisie gained strength in awareness and realization of its class interests. A special role in this process was played by the economic reform of 1965, which increased the role of the block of organizational managers. The third stage was marked by a crisis of proto-bourgeois class interests associated with the desire for full possession of property. This conflict was resolved by the revolution of 1991, which made it possible to privatize state property, leading to the completion of the formation of a new upper class and its transformation from proto-class to real bourgeoisie.

Vrtna umjetnost Daruvara kroz povijest

Author(s): Mirjana Jakčin Ivančić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2008

Thermal waters have had crucial influence upon the arrangement and development of gardens in Daruvar, since various types of green vegetation are always arranged around them as ornament. The first gardens in Daruvar had been arranged in the 3rd or 4th century A.D., during the Roman era. The Daruvar gardens have maintained continuity throughout that entire time period (Slavic shrines; cloister of mediaeval Benedictine abbey; the Turkish Ilidža; Baroque gardens in the 18th and 19th centuries; the gardens of today). In the 18th century, Count Antun Janković had two gardens arranged – health resort gardens in 1762, and 1771-1780, gardens around his Baroque castle. The health resort gardens in Daruvar are the oldest gardens of this type in the continental part of Croatia. Baroque-classicistic and landscape elements of garden architecture had been combined during several phases in order for the gardens to be arranged. On the turn between the 19th and 20th centuries, they were considered to be among the best known and the most beautiful health resort gardens in the state. The concept and the size of the gardens have been preserved until the present date. Court gardens are among the oldest gardens in Slavonia. They had been arranged by combining two styles of garden architecture – Baroque and landscape; the Baroque parterre in front of the castle is surrounded by landscape gardens. The gardens had been parcelled out on several occasions, so that today, they cover only one sixth of their original size. These are one of our rare historical gardens, in which elements of styles they had belonged to in the past are still present, as are several exempla of the types of herbs dating from the first years of the arrangement of those gardens. Among them is the male exemplum of Ginkgo biloba, which is protected as a monument of garden architecture. Other types of public greens accompany gardens as well. Among them, the most important are the Daruvar lines of trees.

Božidar Rogina (1901.-1967.) - pionir prehrambene kemije u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Nenad Trinajstić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2007

Here are mentioned some of the memories from the people who knew Professor Božidar Rogina. Then there is a short portrait of his life. He was born in 1901, in Ivanska, near Bjelovar, and died in 1967, in Zagreb. He graduated in 1923, from the Technical academy in Prague, and got his doctorate in 1931, from the Technical Faculty in Zagreb. He worked in the Sanitary Institute from 1925 to 1952, and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry from 1952 to 1959 and the independent Faculty of Agriculture from 1960 to 1967. Professor Rogina took part in the work of the Committee that in 1956 suggested the first organisation of the department for Food and Technology, at that time called The Faculty of Chemistry, Food, and Mining, but was renamed in 1957 to the Technological Faculty. He was engaged in analytical food chemistry and had published, apart from his professional works, and presentations, in total nine scientific professional works, three in the magazines Archive for Chemistry, and Pharmacy and Chemistry in Industry, and one in the magazine Zeitschrift für Untersuchung der Lebensmittel, Pharmaceutical Herald, and Analyst (London). Only the Analyst article about determining the small quantities of iodine was written in the English language and this article is the only one still quoted in literature, even though it was published in 1953. All articles, apart from one, were published while Rogina was still working in the Sanitary Institute. When he became a Professor at the Agricultural department, and at the Faculty, he was dedicated to lectures, to writing course material for students, to doing professional lectures and to cooperation with the industry. He taught at many schools and faculties. He taught chemistry, biochemistry, chemistry and technology of viands and the process of food engineering. His lectures were very interesting, he was very fair at his exams, and always held to his lectures and course material.

PRIKAZI

Author(s): Dušan T. Bataković,Janko Prunk,Saša S. Marković,Branko Petranović,Zoran Lakić,Dragan Aleksić,Zoran Panajotović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1985

Reviews of: 1. Andrej Mitrović, SRBIJA U PRVOM SVETSKOM RATU, SKZ, Beograd 1984, 582. Review by: Dušan T. Bataković 2. Momčilo Zečević, NA ISTORIJSKOJ PREKRETNICl (Slovenci u politici jugoslavenske države 1918-1929.) Knjiga I, Prosveta, Beograd 1985, 448 Review by: Janko Prunk 3. Branislav Gligorijević, IZMEĐU REVOLUCIJE I DOGME , Liber, Zagreb 1984. Review by: Saša Marković 4. Đ. Piljević , R. Bogdanović , V. Glišlć, N. Živkovlć , M. Švabić, P. Kačavenda , J. Vujošević, D. Dimitrijević, V. Ćirković, BEOGRAD U RATU I REVOLUCIJI 1941-1945, 1-2, Beograd 1984, 739 str. Review by: Branko Petranović 5. Dr Slavko Vukčević, BORBE I OTPORI U OKUPIRANIM GRADOVIMA JUGOSLAVIJE 1941-1945. Review by: Zoran Lakić 6. Dragoljub Petrović, ISTOČNA SRBIJA U RATU I REVOLUCIJI 1941-1944, Beograd 1984, str. 291 Review by: Dragan Aleksić 7. Dr Milan Vesović - mr Milan Matić - Josip Vučković, Veljko Vlaković. Sećanja - hronologija - bibliografija. Beograd. Titograd. Ljubljana. Institut za savremenu istoriju. Istorijski institut Crne Gore. Partizanska knjiga. 1985, str. 374 sa ilustracijama Review by: Zoran Panajotović

ČASOPIS „KOMMUNISTIČESKIJ INTERNACIONAL" (1919 - 1943) О NACIONALNOM I KOLONIJALNOM PITANJU. PRIREDILI: ŽARKO PROTIĆ I BOSILJKA PEJOVIĆ - PROTIĆ (NASTAVAK IZ PROŠLOG BROJA)

Author(s): Bosiljka Pejović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1983

Lituanorum gente: Archbishop Jurgis Matulaitis – Conciliator of the Church and the State

Author(s): Kęstutis Žemaitis / Language(s): English Issue: 99/2019

The First World War, the subsequent international political events, changed the boundaries of the Lithuanian territory and changed the ecclesiastical administrative situation. Such a situation did not satisfy neither the Lithuanian state nor the Catholic Church itself. To solve such a situation, Pope Pius XI sent, by the title and authority Apostolic Visitor, Archbishop George Matulaitis. He became the principal creator of the 1926 Apostolic Constitution Lituanorum gente, the conciliator of opinions between the position of the Church and the State. Because of the archbishop‘s personal qualities, a good understanding of the situation and the ability to reconcile the interests of the Church and the State, also because of his advantages in diplomatic activity, the new Church Province project was drafted quite smoothly. The history of this project has remained a good example of relations between the State and the Church, and Jurgis Matulaitis himself can be considered an example of diplomatic activity.

FOTOĞRAF VE KARTPOSTALLARDA OSMANLI DİNÎ MÛSIKÎSİ

Author(s): Günsu Yılma Şakalar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 62/2019

Visual documents give us important clues in recognizing about our musical heritage. It can be said that the oldest of the visual documents about Mevleviyeh in the Ottoman Empire was miniature art. Later on, the art of painting became influential (17-18th century) and the figures of music were included in the art of painting. The widespread use of photographs and postcards, a means of visual communication in the 19th century Ottoman Empire, includes both cultural and sociological reflections of this state, which is our historical and cultural heritage today. Research on the printing, spreading of the postcards and the periods in which the pictures or photographs belong to them is extremely limited. Therefore, this research is important. The way in which the religious music represented in the Ottoman Empire through postcards was the starting point of the research. In this research, twenty-four documents were obtained from the Atatürk Library belonging to the Ottoman Religious Music. Each documents were classified as photographs, postcards and anonymous works and they were examined separately. The fact that some documents have information about the typographer, publisher and photographer has made it easier for the determination of the period. According to the data, these documents belong to the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.