A CRITICAL REFLECTION OF BRONFENBRENNER´S DEVELOPMENT ECOLOGY MODEL

Author(s): Jonas Christensen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This analysis is a theory based reflection out of the development ecology. When studying an organisation, transformation and spheres of influence of professions and in education, the Development Ecology model provides a tool for understanding the encounter between societal, organisational and individual dimensions, a continual meeting point where phenomena and actors occur on different levels, including those of the organisation and society at large. However, the theory of development ecology may be questioned for how it looks at the individual’s role in relation to other actors in order to define and understand the forces underlying the professional development. The focus on the individual might prevent the understanding of group wise development. Resilience capacity on a mental, intra level and an entrepreneurial way of building, developing and keeping networks gives the different levels in the Development Ecology model a broader understanding of what stimulates learning processes. Factors relating to both the inside of the individual and social ties between individuals in a group context in relation to global factors need to be discussed.

A CSÁSZÁRKULTUSZ FŐOLTÁRA PANNONIA SUPERIORBAN

Author(s): Endre Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2001

In den Provinzen an der mittleren Donau kommt Savaria eine besondere Stellung zu, weil wir seit langem wissen, daß dort die Institution der Kaiserkultes in Pannonia Superior errichtet wurde. In anderen Provinzen ist der Sitz der Institution nur zu vermuten. In Savaria kennen wir auch den Ort des Kultzentrums innerhalb der Struktur der colonia. Aus der Untersuchung der Inschriften der Priester des Kaiserkults in der Studie stellt sich heraus: der sacerdos arae Augustorum Pannonia superioris wird der Bürger gewesen sein, der mindestens in der Stadt duumvir oder in zwei Städten decurio war. Aufgrund der die colonia Savaria umgebenden Gräberfelder und kultischen Funde sowie der Fundstelle von Inschriften im Zusammenhang mit dem Kaiserkult konnte in der Stadtstruktur der Ort des Provinzialforums bestimmt werden. Von Norden, Süden und Osten umgeben Bestattungen die colonia. Im Westen wird die Stadt vom Savaria- (heute: Perint-) Bach begrenzt. In dem großen Gebiet zwischen dem Bach und den Hügeln im Westen gibt es keine Bestattungen. Am W-Rand dieses etwa 500×300 m großen Gebiets stand das Theater, das ebenfalls ein unausbleibliches Gebäude der Provinzialforen war. In diesem Gebiet fanden sich die Inschriften, die den Ort des Kaiserkults beweisen, und dort befanden sich auch die sakralen Denkmäler, die mit der sakralen Bestimmung des Gebietes in Zusammenhang zu bringen sind. Am O-Ende des Provinzialforums wurden 39 Pfeiler gefunden.

A cukor története a kapitalizmus története? (Sidney Mintz: Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History)

Author(s): Sándor Kozák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 29/2021

Review of Sidney Mintz: Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History

A FOUR-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO DETERMINE PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ MISCONCEPTION ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING

Author(s): Ayşe Ceren Atmaca Aksoy,Sinan Erten / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

Global warming is the most serious problem of our age. The most permanent measure to be taken against this problem is to ensure that individuals receive an effective and well-equipped education, free from misconceptions, which are obstacles to the efficiency of education. In this study, it is aimed to develop a four-stage diagnostic test that can reveal the misconceptions of pre-service science teachers about global warming. The sample of the study, in which the survey approach was used, consists of 401 pre-service teachers studying in the science teaching department at different universities in Turkey. The results show that the test is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the misconceptions, scientific knowledge, and lack of knowledge about global warming. In the study, the factor with the highest percentage of pre-service science teachers’ scientific knowledge and misconceptions was the consequences of global warming, while the factor with the highest percentage of lack of knowledge was calculated as the greenhouse effect factor. It is recommended to use the test to determine the current situation regarding the level and areas where the misconceptions of individuals are concentrated to improve the missing or faulty areas in the science curriculum.

A genetika (ős)története a muslicakutatás tükrében

Author(s): Máté Varga / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2023

The rapid development of genetics at the beginning of the 20th century coincided with the introduction of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster into laboratory research. Thomas Hunt Morgan and his students used this humble organism to confirm Mendelian genetics, establish chromosome theory and craft the first ever genetic maps. During this process they created a standardized, ideal genetic model animal that is continued to be used in research to this day. By removing the background genetic variance of the natural populations, this standardization blindsided some researchers, like Herman Joseph Muller to the importance of genetic diversity. In contrast, others, like Theodosius Dobzhansky, used the genetic variance of a related species, Drosophila pseudoobscura to demonstrate the importance of diversity in natural populations. Muller and Dobzhansky both generalized their observations to human populations and their debate about the merits and vices of positive eugenics and the possible dangers or advantages of genetic diversity still resonate today, in an era of genome editing, pre-implantation diagnostics and embryo selection.

A GRAVETTI IDŐSZAK HAGYOMÁNYOS ÉS RADIOKARBON KORADATAI

Author(s): Zsuzsa Szántó,Viola T. Dobosi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2003

The last communiqué summarising the radiocarbon dates of the Late Würm period, published in an archaeological periodical, reflected the situation of research one and a half decade ago. In the last two decades, apart from an increase in the absolute number of C14 dates, the interdisciplinary research of the period based on an ecological approach also yielded several important new results. The synoptical table summarises the results achieved on the field of various branches of science dealing with the period between the Interpleniglacial to the Late Glacial period, the life span of the Gravettian entity. On the time scale, the sites are presented according to traditional (non-calibrated) C14 BP dates. The Ságvár stage is a technical term used for a wider period extended over the temporal limits of the Ságvárian culture, determined by traditional archaeological methods. The eponym site for both names is the site Ságvár-Lukasdomb, the archaeological industry and the stratigraphy of the Palaeolithic settlement. The interpretation of the columns of the synoptical table is the following: Among the archaeological sites, the ones having a C14 date are underlined, the others are ordered temporarily on the basis of their cultural affiliation. In the column of sediment, the series of loess and fossil soil layers are marked using the traditional chronological classification and nomenclature applied for several decades.

A HAEDUUSOK ÉS RÓMA - Magyar ásatások Bibractéban

Author(s): Miklós Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2003

This study is the edited version of the inaugural lecture presented at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 21st of March 2002 by Miklós Szabó. Its main objective is the presentation of processes unfolding as a result of the encounter of the Roman civilisation and the Celtic culture, based on the history and archaeological heritage of the Aeduan tribe of Central France. The analysis is based on, to a large extent, the evidences of the Mont-Beuvray European Archaeological project. The expedition of the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest joined these excavations since 1988. The Hungarian investigations were directed at, in the beginning, the main road of the oppidum and resulted the unexpected observation that this important axis determining the structure of the town Bibracte originated in the period 120 to 80 B.C. At the same time, the archaeological material also testified that intensive trade relations between the Aeduan capital and the republican Rome preceded essentially the time of Caesar. As a direct consequence of these contacts, Central Gallia attained a stage of real monetary economy instead of the so-called tribal monetary system. The use of the Greek alphabet was spread simultaneously. The settlement history of the locality following the Roman conquest was enriched by the Hungarian excavations with data on the insula containing the “Large Forge”. During these works, the first public building of Bibracte was discovered in 2001, erected in all probability between 50 and 30 B.C. Finally, one of the most important conclusions of the study is separating the Romanisation phase of the urban development in Bibracte from that of the developments encountered during the period of the Celtic independence. This recognition is in good accordance with the view stating that urbanisation in the Celtic world was prepared by the economical changes originating from the Italo-Celtic environment in the 3rd century B.C., the acceleration of which could be influenced by new type contacts with the Hellenistic world.

A hazai élelem-önrendelkezés centrális mozgalmainak és periférikus szerveződéseinek feminista olvasata

Author(s): Herstory Collective / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 29/2021

Both green organisations focusing on food sovereignty and feminist associations have a long history in Hungary, but their programs and goals have barely found common ground in the past decades. Literature exploring food sovereignty practices shows that more attention has been paid to the grassroots movements' discourse than to the lived experiences of women and men involved in local food production. In this multi-authored paper, the HerStory collective spots the Hungarian green and feminist initiatives' common grounds and addresses the current food sovereignty research gap. It explores the concept and practices of food sovereignty from the perspective of women living and/or farming in rural Hungary. Furthermore, it uncovers what problems and solutions, individual struggles and coping strategies emerge on the periphery of green and feminist initiatives. Academic and activist approaches simultaneously applied in this paper in the following three parts: (1) review of green and feminist initiatives, (2) a methodological account and semi-structured interview analysis (3) recommendations regarding collective actions in the food sovereignty movements and a solidarity base available for women and communities outside the movements' zone.

A Home on the Range and the (Near) Extinction of the American Bison

Author(s): Tadeusz Rachwał / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2017

Fredreric Jackson Turner’s seminal essay on the significance of frontier in American culture interestingly posits the development of railways as extension of the buffalo trail. The presentation of his ideas in 1893 not only followed the announcement of the closing of the frontier by the superintendent of the U.S. Census (1890), but was also the time of the near-extinction of bison whose number declined from about 600,000,000 at the end of the 18th century to 300 in 1900. In the paper I will try to tone the Indian traders’ transformation of the buffalo trail into a railway with the replacement of buffalo herds by cow droves as well as the popularity the song “Home on the Range” which in a way mythologized the domestic coexistence of people with the roaming buffalo. Drawing from Thoreau’s hypothesis that cows are buffalos within and capable of reasserting their “native rights,” I will look at some examples of the return of the buffalo in the 20th and 21st centuries as, however simulated, attempts at a return to homes on the range, and at living on the frontier, even if the frontier has been relocated to the vicinity of the Fermilab bosons where a small buffalo herd is maintained.

A Kárpátok „felfedezése” - Síkvidékiek és hegylakók találkozásai a 19. században

Author(s): Patrice M. Dabrowski / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2016

In the midst of what used to be called Eastern Europe lie the Carpathian Mountains, next to the Alps the dominant mountain range in this part of Europe. They are wild, extensive and mysterious, shaped by high peaks and green valleys, dense forests and lush meadows, fast flowing streams and deep lakes. The focus of this article are the Carpathians or, more precisely, the “discovery” of individual segments of this long and diverse mountain range – including the Tatras and Eastern Carpathians – for purposes of tourism. When exactly did these two segments of the Carpathians begin to be modern? By whom and for whom were they “discovered”? How did these regions develop after their “discovery”? Did the mountains represent a national as well as a natural environment, or were they of only a local or regional (and not national) significance? This article examines encounters of lowlanders with the highlands and highlanders over the course of a half-century. Encounters took place before the First World War in a region that at the time belonged to the Habsburg Empire and today is located in Poland and Ukraine: that is, former Galicia. First, the “discovery” of the Tatra Mountains and their indigenous inhabitants, the Górale, by Poles in the last third of the 19th century will be addressed. Next comes a no less interesting encounter, that of the “discovery” of the Eastern Carpathians and the Hutsuls by Poles, but also, in the first decades of the 20th century, by nationally conscious Ukrainians. I argue that, in the period under investigation, the mountains paradoxically served as a source of inspiration for these two quintessentially lowland nations.

A környezeti edukáció alkotmányos és társadalmi alapjai

Author(s): Julesz Máté / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2010

A KÖZÉPKORI HENYE FALU TEMPLOMA (TAMÁSI–ALSÓCSERÉNGÁT)

Author(s): András Németh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2002

Die Studie berichtet von der Ausgrabung der Kirche des untergegangenen mittelalterlichen Dorfes Henye in der Gemarkung von Tamási im Kom. Tolna, östlich der Stadt, an der Hauptverkehrsstraße 61. Von der mittelalterlichen Geschichte der Siedlung wissen wir kaum mehr als über die ihren adeligen Beinamen nach dem Dorf erhaltende gemeinadelige Familie Henyei Tiburc, deren Mitglieder in der Beamtenschaft des Kom. Tolna vom Ende des 14. bis zum Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts mehrfach auftauchen; die Kirchgemeinde des Dorfes erwähnt im Mittelalter einzig die Pápaer Zehntliste von 1332–35. Henye war mit kürzeren Unterbrechungen bis zum Ende der Türkenbesetzung bewohnt. Ein geringer Überrest seiner Kirche war am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts noch sichtbar. Die Verdichtung von im spätmittelalterlichen Fundmaterial an der Stelle der Siedlung vorkommenden Stücken, die als Ausnahmen in der Keramik der Umgebung gelten können (Boden eines kleinen Topfes aus weißem Material; dicker, grauer Topfrand aus Graphitmaterial; gegliederter Rand eines großen Topfes; zwei Ecken einer schalenförmigen Ofenkachel; zwei rotbemalte Krugfragmente), kann mit dem Gutszentrum der besagten Adelsfamilie in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Ebenfalls als Seltenheit gilt eine 8,5 cm lange, aus Kupferblech gebogene spätmittelalterliche Buchspange und ein quadratisches Kupferblech mit gepreßter Verzierung, das ein Kleider-, Jungfernkranz- oder -gürtelschmuck sein konnte.

A LUPA CAPITOLINA ÚJABB ÁBRÁZOLÁSA AQUINCUMBÓL

Author(s): András Márton / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2002

Bei einer Fundrettungsgrabung in der Bécsi út 62 wurden mehrere römische behauene Steindenkmäler gefunden (Abb. 1a; Abb. 1b.1), die in die erste Periode des Gräberfeldes, ins 2. Jahrhundert zu datieren sind. Das interessanteste von ihnen ist das Fragment einer Grabstele mit der Darstellung der lupa Capitolina. Das Fragment ist der untere Teil einer sehr großen Stele, der sich ursprünglich unter dem Inschriftenfeld befand (Abb. 2–3). Aus Aquincum ist eine genaue Parallele dieses Fragments bekannt: Das von Annamária Facsády publizierte Stück mit der gleichen Darstellung aus dem Gräberfeld Bécsi út folgt nicht nur demselben ikonographischen Typ, sondern ist aufgrund der Steinmetztechnik auch ein Werk derselben Hand. Mit Hilfe der intakteren Darstellung der erwähnten Grabstele ist nicht nur der abgebrochene Teil unseres Steines, sondern auch seine Originalbemalung mit völliger Sicherheit zu ergänzen. Die Gestalt auf der linken Seite der Komposition trägt tunika und sagum (Abb. 4.1). Der obere Teil der Gestalt ist abgebrochen, ursprünglich hielt sie einen Hirtenstab in der rechten Hand. Neben ihr ist der Rest des unteren Teils des Baumes zu sehen, dessen Äste sie auf der ursprünglichen Darstellung mit der Hand berührte.

A Model for the Operationalization and Implementation of the Precautionary Principle: Cyanide-Leach Technology and Gold Mining Development

Author(s): Nahide Konak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

Mining development provides tremendous amount of long-term environmental and community degradation all over the world. Often, local communities bear the burden. This article demonstrates how the Bergama environmental network has utilized international environmental treaties with a focus on precautionary principle in order to halt the cyanide-leach Ovacik gold mine project in Turkey. The network has not only operated under the principle of precaution, but it has also defined and illustrated how the precautionary principle could be operationalized and implemented in practice in mining industry. By doing so, the Bergama environmental network developed a model for the operationalization and implementation of the precautionary principle in mining sector. In contrast to risk assessment that focus on the question of what level of contamination is safe, the precautionary approach focus on the question of how to reduce or eliminate the hazards and considers all the possible means of achieving that goal---including forgoing the proposed activity. This network has been promoting precautionary principle instead of risk assessment in mining nationwide. This model can be utilized by other communities dealing with mining developments in order to make the companies and their states to adopt and implement the precautionary principle. This article is based on a larger research project that has been taking place since 2002 on Ovacik gold mine development in Bergama. It relies on data that comes from interviews, focus group discussions with local community residents and field notes as well as books and documents prepared by the network and local newspapers that covered the case extensively.

A parasztok maguk csinálják történelmüket, de nem szabadon

Author(s): Philip McMichael / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

This essay employs contemporary peasant mobilizing discourses and practices to evaluate the terms in which we understand agrarian movements today, through an exercise of historical specification. First, it considers why the terms of the original agrarian question no longer apply to agrarian change today. The shift in the terms corresponds to the movement from the late‐nineteenth century and twentieth century, when states were the organizing principle of political‐economy, to the twenty‐first century, when capital has become the organizing principle. Second, and related, agrarian mobilizations are viewed here as barometers of contemporary political‐economic relations. In politicizing the socio‐ecological crisis of neoliberalism, they problematize extant categories of political and sociological analysis, re‐centring agriculture and food as key to democratic and sustainable relations of social production.

A Philosophical Discourse of the Earth

Author(s): Olha Ivashchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

The authors examined a philosophical discourse of the Earth in the New History. The purpose of the study is to prove the practical importance of the philosophical discourse of the Earth for advancing human civilization. The nature of philosophy means the transformation of the discourse and the way of human life in accordance with the intelligible complexity of the Earth and the Universe. A holistic view of the Earth and the Universe is used by humans in the proclaimed cultural ideal, with the help of which they achieve the ordering (harmonization) of their way of life with the laws of the Earth and the Universe. The authors identified and considered three stages of a holistic view of the process of transforming the Earth and the Universe: (1) The concept of the biosphere and noosphere by Vladimir Vernadsky; (2) the Gaia hypothesis by James Lovelock; and (3) the “Evolving matter” theory by Oleg Bazaluk. The use of knowledge about the nature of the Earth and the Universe transformation determines human activities and the limits of an individual’s self-actualization. Essentially, a philosophical discourse of the Earth focuses on the practice of human transformation of the Earth and the nearby space.

A Polish-Romanian perspective on how planning influences the dynamics of urban green infrastructure

Author(s): Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor,Lidia Mierzejewska,Andrei Mitrea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The importance of studying urban green infrastructure in planning is justified by its ecosystem services, contributing to the welfare of urban dwellers and urban sustainability. The present study uses an ecological approach to analyze the dynamics of urban green infrastructure in Polish and Romanian cities with Urban Atlas data in 2006, 2012 and 2018. To avoid ecological fallacy, the methodology includes analyses of individual cases studies. Findings show that urban green infrastructure corresponds to the four city nature types. All cities have lost or transformed their green infrastructure, with local variations. Natural and/or agricultural green spaces make up most of the green infrastructure, while landscaped areas constitute a small share, and are prominent in large, populous, and dense cities. The loss is proportional to the share of categories. Analyses of individual examples show that the involvement of environmental aware citizens is essential for planning a healthy green infrastructure. Local authorities play an important role in influencing planners to account for the green infrastructure. Planners must strive to keep the existing green infrastructure, ensure its continuity, and add more urban greenery; local authorities should account for scientific evidence concerning the role of urban greenery, and scientists should provide simpler, condensed recommendations.

A Post-Soviet Eco-Digital Nation? Metonymic Processes of Nation-Building and Estonia’s High-Tech Dreams in the 2010s

Author(s): Epp Annus / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

How do Estonians imagine themselves as a nation? According to a popular Estonian essayist, a proper Estonian digs his garden on Mondays and mines his bitcoins on Tuesdays. This article focuses on Estonian imaginaries to study the grounding structures of Estonian identity-creation in the 2010s and it articulates the core of a canonized understanding of Estonian identity as “eco-digital nationhood.” The article explores Estonia’s eco-digital national model as produced by an aesthetic screening, supported by a Western gaze adapted for local purposes of positive identity creation. In Estonia, international approval (for its reputation as a digital nation) has fostered a national selfimage of living in a digital state. Technological advancement combined with idealizations of natural environments have sometimes produced “eco-ambiguous” results, as in efforts to encounter nonhuman life-worlds without leaving one’s own comfort zone. In other instances, the eco and the digital function as two alternating modes of selfhood, the eco-part sometimes finding expression in the narratives of ethnic particularism, the digital part figuring Estonia as a herald of western modernism prudently adapting itself to the digital future. Discrepancies between the eco-digital imaginary and the many less flattering elements of Estonian actuality highlight selective (self-)representative strategies in narratives of national success. Nation building here emerges as a metonymic process, wherein certain parts of culture are foregrounded to represent the whole— while other parts, including substantial parts of the Soviet heritage (material, demographic, social, psychological) languish as unsuitable to be framed.

A Review and Discussion of Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: Its Challenges and Prospect

Author(s): Olufemi Adebayo Oroye / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Solid waste management is one of the growing environmental concerns in developing countries such as Nigeria. The indiscriminate disposal and dumping of refuse in unauthorized places as resulted to rapid environmental degradation that leads to adverse effect on the general sustainability of the ecosystem, widespread of germs and diseases, extinction of aquatic bodies due to water pollution causing toxicity and acidification, and poor agricultural yield. This paper reviews and discusses the solid waste management’s challenges, prospects and way forward. The study objectives were achieved through literature analysis, site sighting and as well as interaction with stakeholders in waste management sector. The paper concludes by discussing effective ways of waste management and also, recommends possible ways of handling waste during pandemic.

A review of species of the genus Mocyta (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in Ukraine

Author(s): S. V. Glotov,K. Hushtan,N. Koval,V. Diedus,M. Chumak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

A review of the genus Mocyta Mulsant & Rey, 1874, which is represented in Ukraine; a description of the main morphological features and diagnostic features is made, data on ecological features, seasonal activity of adults, the distribution of representatives of the genus in Ukraine and the world and the keys to identify the species are presented. The information on the distribution of species of the genus Mocyta in the territory of Ukraine has been clarified and significantly supplemented by new findings. The results can be used to address a number of theoretical issues of faunistics, zoogeography, and ecology, as well as in compiling the inventory of the fauna of the Ukrainian Carpathians, for comparative faunal research, in the analysis of species distribution, in biogeographic constructions, studies of faunogenesis, ecological monitoring and prediction of consequences of the influence of human activities on natural ecosystems of the region. The genus Mocyta is a widespread genus, which in terms of the combination of morphological and biological features belongs to the tribe Athetini Casey, 1910 of the subfamily Aleocharinae Fleming, 1821 of the family Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. There are 26 known species in the fauna of Palearctic, 5 of which (Mocyta clientula, M. fungi fungi, M. fussi, M. orbata, M. orphana) are represented in the fauna of Ukraine. However, it is likely that there are two more species (M. amplicollis and M. negligens), identified for the surrounding areas, for which characteristics and comparative diagnoses have also been provided. This paper is a continuation of the initiated series of reviews of genera and species of the tribe Athetini of the fauna of Ukraine. Taking into account the wide geographical distribution and significant individual variability in size, colour and shape of the spermatheca of representatives of the genus, the identification of the latter presents some significant difficulties.