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Od producenta do konsumenta: determinanty transportu żywności w XXI wieku

Author(s): Aleksandra Górecka,Maria Zych Lewandowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The aim of the paper was to present main factors influencing development of worldwide transporting food. We underlined problems of creating more and more complex food supply chains. Moreover, we pointed out food production regionalization as the reasons for the current trend of increasing the volume and length of food transport. As a summary, we presented possible solution to the problem of environmental effects of food transport which can be implemented by customers, producers and also transport companies.

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Tyrania oka, pokora ucha? O potrzebie sound studies

Author(s): Dariusz Brzostek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

This article presents contemporary sound studies by outlining its field of interest as well as its main problems and concepts. Brzostek contextualizes sound studies with discussions on media and collective memory, the dialectics of voice and power, as well as the reproduction of sound and cultural identity. This context also includes thematically and methodologically diverse studies on the media coverage of acoustic experience through electronic media (from ‘archaeological’ forms such as the Walkman or the Discman to such ‘futuristic’ forms as mobile phones and iPods), as well as studies on these media’s effect on the transformation of the acoustic environment. Brzostek presents works inspired by R. Murray Shafer’s acoustic ecology, which touch on sound in the public sphere, urban soundscapes marked by noise pollution, as well as the acoustic environments of lo-fi and hi-fi.

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Coffitivity: dźwięk, praca kreatywna i posthegemonia

Author(s): Artur Szarecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Sound presents a unique subject of study, functioning in culture not only as a conveyor of meaning, but also as a sensory and affective intensity. To perform a cultural analysis of acoustic phenomena, therefore, we must take into account both the semiotic/interpretive dimension of soundedness and its bodily/material dimension. Szarecki illustrates his approach with the example of the internet site Coffitivity, which supports creative thinking by reproducing the ambient noise of a cafe. Szarecki draws on the theoretical tools of sound studies and of posthegemonic political theory to show how by arranging and controlling the sound environment Coffitivity broadens the possibilities – in time and space – of performing creative work, thus turning such work into an omnipresent component of everyday life.

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Dźwięki natury a sztuka dźwięku. O rozumieniu reprezentacji w fonografii

Author(s): Justyna Tuszyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Tuszyńska confronts two seemingly distant notions, namely representation as an aesthetic category, and one type of phonography, namely musique concrète and the technology of open-air recording that goes with it. Thus she highlights a question that has been overlooked by theorists of representation as well as by musicologists. By confronting Michał Paweł Markowski’s models of representation with Pierre Schaeffer’s theory of musique concrète, Tuscyńska points to problems in representation that do not appear when we apply this concept to other artistic forms. This problem provides an impetus to examine musique concrète from a non-musicological perspective.

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W kulturze dźwięku. Słuchanie literatury

Author(s): Andrzej Hejmej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Hejmej reflects on two fundamental questions: the first relates to sound (including voice) and the soundscape as a phenomenon that influences contemporary literature and its functioning in today’s media-dominated society; the second question, which builds on the first, explores the prospects of contemporary literary scholarship drawing on the anthropology of sound. Hejmej traces various scholars’ recent work in sound studies to highlight aural perception – ‘listening to culture,’ which leads him to argue for a new anthropology of the audiovisual – one that would build on analyses of both visual and acoustic space. Thus he analyses the new situation of a literature that, in today’s media-dominated world, relates to acoustic and acousmatic experiences. He proposes to treat literature not merely in terms of the written word (as accepted in traditional literary scholarship) but voice and scriptorality.

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«НЕ ХЛЕБОМ ЕДИНЫМ…»: ПРАКТИКИ ТРУДОВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ (СЛУЧАЙ СЕЛА ПАРФЕНЬЕВО)

Author(s): I. N. Kodina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

The article analyzes the basic labor practices of Parfen'evо villagers, identified by the author's through the sociological case study in 2014. Practices of primary and secondary employment, employment practices in the private farms, unemployment practices, seasonal work practices and migration practices are analyzed. The author proves that professionally-labor sphere of Russian village life is considered to be a dominant sphere, defining the villagers mode of life.

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ПРОИЗВОДСТВО, СБЫТ И ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ В САНКТ ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ: ПЛОДОРОДНАЯ ПОЧВА ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ КОРОТКИХ ЦЕПОЧЕК ПОСТАВОК ФЕРМЕРСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ?

Author(s): Olga Gromasheva,G. Brunori / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

Currently in developed countries there is growth of initiatives which are aimed to reconnect farmers and consumers whose relationships in the last century became as distant and detached as they had never been before (due to industrial food production, centralization of the market, etc.). The state-of-art and recent trends in agricultural production, distribution and consumption in Russia, and St. Petersburg in particular, are analyzed in the article (mainly from the prospective of supply and demand for local products). The aim of the paper is to understand whether the current conditions are favorable towards development of such reconnection initiatives, which in the western literature are most frequently referred to as “short food supply chains” (or “alternative food networks”).

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НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ РОССИЯН ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ СПОРТИВНЫХ МЕГА-СОБЫТИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УНИВЕРСИАДЫ 2013 г., КАЗАНЬ)

Author(s): P. Ermolaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article investigates the main trends in green consumption in Russia that were inspired by sport megaevents. The analysis is based on the case study of Universiade, which took place in the city of Kazan in 2013. The results of this empirical study confirm that the dwellers of Kazan have become more aware of green consumption and the green consumer practices have started to spread after the Universiade had been finished (for instance, waste sorting and ecologization of way of life and leisure). The author of the article links these trends to the increased availability of urban “green” infrastructure; the Year of Eco-culture that was held in Russia and promoted ecofriendly ideas; the local governments’ reorientation towards international environmental standards that have been maintained in other host-cities of international sport events; the popularization of post-materialistic values; globalization and increased population mobility; and growing value that is ascribed to health as symbolic capital.

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АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЕ СЕЛЬСКИЕ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ: СТИХИЙНАЯ ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ЭМИГРАЦИЯ ИЛИ ОСОЗНАННЫЙ ТРАНСФЕР В БУДУЩЕЕ

Author(s): I. Zadorin,D. Maltseva,A. Homyakova,L. Shubina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

This article presents the results of the study "Ecovillages as a form of internal emigration: motivation and prospects of expansion", which was conducted by ZIRCON Research Group in Autumn 2012. This research studies new phenomenon of alternative rural settlements (in particular, ecovillages and kin estates settlements). These settlements are considered as countercultural movement. Yet, they have potential to generate innovative practices related to sustainable development of society and nature. The article aims to answer the question whether the ecovillages and kin estate settlements can be transformed from marginalized to influential social phenomenon. The authors also investigate the peculiarities of these settlements and their meanings for participants: are these settlements a way of internal immigration because of political reasons or a transfer to well-being and quality of life?

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УРБАНИЗАЦИЯ КАК ХОЗЯЙСТВО: ВЕДОМСТВЕННЫЕ ГОРОДА НЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ РАЙОНОВ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ (1960 – 1980 гг.)

Author(s): I.N. Stasj / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

In this article the urbanisation process in the oil and gas producing regions of the Western Siberia in the period of oil and gas exploration (1960’s - 1980’s) is analysed. The region urbanisation is treated on three meta-levels – the organisation of towns’ resettlement system, urban environment formation, towns’ identity designing. Interaction and confrontation between main subjects of urbanisation – departmental and towns’ elite and discourses – took place exactly on these meta-levels. The author comes to a conclusion that urbanisation of oil and gas producing regions of the Western Siberia was of departmental origin and matter: resettlement system was adjusted to the town-planning experience of departments; urban environment was formed as the mixture of isolated departmental economies; towns served as “seigneurial oikos”. There was no towns’ identity, and identification of towns’ citizens was principally based upon the industrial characteristic.

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БРЕНДИНГ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО ГОРОДА: ПОИСК СМЫСЛОВ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ НИЖНЕГО ТАГИЛА)

Author(s): L.E. Dobreitsina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article is written as a reflection on the possibilities of brand development for Nizhny Tagil, a typical Ural industrial town. The author considers the positives and negatives of “industrial town” brand and the opportunities presented in this regard by traditional crafts – namely, Tagil painted trays, and also by natural resources, i.e. malachite. The two brand themes proposed here are already partially being realized in Tagil, but, in author’s opinion, they could benefit from more vigorous development: Tagil as a town of craftsmen (inventors, artists) and Tagil as a domain of Demidov family (the famous industrialists and philanthropists). This text provides justification of these two brands both from the historical point of view, and based on the realities of contemporary life. The conclusion is that, by complementing each other, these two themes will help to realize the main and obvious brand of Tagil as an industrial town, a factory town – by doing this on a substantially better, more positive, “humanized” level.

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ГОРОДСКАЯ И СЕЛЬСКАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ПРИАЗОВЬЯ: УСТНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Author(s): V. N. Konstantinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article presents the methodology and results of the oral history expeditions aimed at studying the urban and rural identities in the context of the research of the Northern Pryazovya citizens’ perception of peasant settlers and their place in the social structure of cities. Materials of these oral history expeditions give the opportunity to see through the eyes of the Northern Pryazovya inhabitants, of the first half of the twentieth century, the urbanization processes of this period; to make some observations about how deeply in the minds of the urban population of this region rooted myths and stereotypes about peasant-settlers and vice versa. The urbanization processes have been one of the most significant characteristics of the Northern Pryazovya history from the last quarter of the XVІII century. It is substantiated that the rural element played a prominent role in the urban colonization of the region; the character of perception by traditional rural population of Pryazovya of new settlements in a certain extent influenced the course of urbanization; the formation of «urban lifestyle» has undergone a significant impact on the part of the rural population life of the region; the categories «Own» -«Alien» were among the key in the perception by the peasant population of the region of the urban citizens; the cities since the time of their appearance played a role of outposts of policy of unification and centralization in the region, which was one of the reasons of the ambiguous attitude of the local peasants to the urban way of life.

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КАТЕГОРИЯ «ЛЕГЕНДАРНЫЙ ГОРОД» И ЕЕ ФУНКЦИИ ДЛЯ ГЕОИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО РЕГИОНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДНЕПРОВСКОГО НАДПОРОЖЬЯ)

Author(s): O.E. Afanasyev,A.E. Trotsenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2013

Современный ландшафт в географии давно перестал быть просто территорией, превратившись в сложную систему пространственно-смысловых значений. В этом ракурсе в объект географических исследований входят мифические, легендарные географические объекты как сложные пространственно-ментальные системы, основанные на представлениях людей о территориях, на образах мест. Особое место в этих системах занимают «легендарные города» — известные из тех или иных исторических источников населенные пункты, которые на сегодняшний день не локализованы достоверно в пространстве. С ни- ми, как правило, связан огромный информационно семиотический пласт, являющийся неотъемлемой частью духовной культуры народа.

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АРХАНГЕЛЬСК. ГОРОД НА КРАЮ ЕВРОПЫ

Author(s): S.N. Tretyakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2013

Любой исторический город несет в себе те или иные следы своего прошлого. Это памятные места, архитектурные сооружения, старые названия и т.п. Но это могут быть и культурные коды, знаки, символы, образы. Н.П. Анциферов главным в понимании города считал познание его «души» на основе единства его исторического развития, природы, архитектурного пейзажа, духовной жизни. Душу города можно почувствовать через его «запахи, звуки, краски, формы, игру света и тени, пространство» . Признаем ограниченность восприятия города как «цельного культурно-исторического организма» иностранными посетителями, но одновременно это и «свежий» взгляд со стороны, подмечающий главное и необычное. Поэтому наблюдения иностранцев, несмотря на свойственные им недостатки, позволяют создать образ(ы) города.

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“If These Walls Could Talk”: Street Art and Urban Belonging in the Athens of Crisis

Author(s): Myrto Tsilimpounidi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Political street art and slogans appear as visual markers of the shifting, complex discourses of power struggles, marginality, and countercultures that establish a new reality which must be seen and heard. As an art form, it is largely connected to and inspired by the existing social conditions. In the era of crisis, the central Athens of bygone years is now a terrain of conflict and metamorphosis, and the city’s walls are screaming a thousand stories. In other words, city walls are the canvas, and social conditions are the paint in a gallery of untold stories. Redefined symbols, decomposed stereotypes, re visioned aesthetics, and antiracist slogans are the tools for the transformation of walls into social diaries. In this light, street art is examined as a form of social diary, a visual history of marginalized and minority groups. Street art captures the need for self-expression in a changing environment, and street artists actively participate in the production of culture in the micro level by consciously contributing to the need for urban re-visions.

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Berlin, the City of Saturated Walls

Author(s): Natalia Samutina,Oksana Zaporozhets / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

“Saturation” is the term suggested by the authors to describe the present state of the visual environment of Berlin, the city that acquired a reputation as the European capital of street art. Saturation is a consequence of the gradual infiltration of graffiti and street art into everyday life and the visual environment of Berlin, and their acceptance by city residents. Berliners’ fondness for street imagery is enhanced by the experience and memory of the independent reappropriation and rearrangement of urban space the city underwent after unification. The memory of the Berlin Wall plays a significant role in sustaining Berlin graffiti and street art cultures. It makes evident the history of the images and their creators and their role in urban communication. Simultaneously it normalizes the ephemerality of street imagery. Visual saturation in Berlin is complemented by the activities of “mediators,” who draw various audiences’ attention to graffiti and street art and encourage the interaction of all interested parties.

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Laurent Coumel and Marc Elie, eds. “A Belated and Tragic Ecological Revolution: Nature, Disasters, and Green Activist in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet States, 1960s–2010s.” Special issue of Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, vol. 40, no. 2, 2013

Author(s): Georgios Tziafetas / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

Review of: Georgios Tziafetas - Laurent Coumel and Marc Elie, eds. “A Belated and Tragic Ecological Revolution: Nature, Disasters, and Green Activist in the Soviet Union and Post Soviet States, 1960s–2010s.” Special issue of Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, vol. 40, no. 2, 2013.

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A Tale of Two Ahmadiyya Mosques: Religion, Ethnic Politics, and Urban Planning in London

Author(s): Marzia Balzani / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Built on the site of a disused dairy in London, the Ahmadiyya Baitul Futuh Mosque is simultaneously a regenerated postindustrial site, a signal achievement for the community that built it, an affront to local Sunni Muslims, a focus for Islamophobic protest, and a boost to local regeneration plans and tourism. Using town planning documents, media articles, and ethnographic fieldwork, this article considers the conflicting discourses available to locals, Muslim and non-Muslim, centered on the new Baitul Futuh Mosque and an older, smaller, suburban Ahmadiyya mosque located nearby. These discourses are situated in the broader transnational context of sectarian violence and creation of community where ethnicity, faith, and immigration status mark those who attend the mosques. The article considers the different historical periods in which the two mosques were built, the class composition of residents in the neighborhoods of the mosques, and the consequences these have for how the mosques are incorporated into the locality. The strategies diverse local groups use to define the space in different and conflicting terms, and their cross-cutting claims, are discussed to present a range of religious, political, and ethnic positions shaping ideals of self-realization and aspirations for the future at individual and community levels.

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Исследуя церковную общину в малом городе: роль священника и другие аспекты православной общинности

Author(s): Polina Vrublevskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

This article is devoted to the everyday life of an Orthodox parish in a small town in Russia. Starting with a critical analysis of existing approaches to measuring religiosity, the author tries to find ”communal” dimensions of religiosity, which typify Orthodox Christianity in today’s Russia. The text traces the history of the local churchsince its restoration and analyzes a variety of interactions and the development ofrelations among Orthodox parishioners, as well as their relations with the priests. Drawing on ethnographic data and interviews, the author identifies indicators suitable for analyzing parish life and what it means to belong to the parish community. The conclusion is that the parish community is formed of extensive and continuous interactions among parishioners that are not limited to religious practices yet still initiated by clergy. It is suggested that the figure of the priest should take a central place when studying Orthodox parish communities. The article also describes how to incorporate these aspects into further investigations of Orthodox Christianity.

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Massimiliano Mollona. Made in Sheffield: An Ethnography of Industrial Work and Politics. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009

Author(s): Christian Koller / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Review of: Christian Koller - Massimiliano Mollona. Made in Sheffield: An Ethnography of Industrial Work and Politics. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009. 212 pp. ISBN 978-1-84545-551-4.

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