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Pojmu silovanja moguće je pristupiti iz brojnih perspektiva jer je to praksa koja je kontinuirano (sve)prisutna od početka pisanja historije svijeta, a istovremeno se o njoj najviše šuti i u najvećoj mjeri se tabuizira. Kad kažemo silovanje, odmah pomislimo na neravnopravan odnos moći između moćnog muškarca i nemoćne žene. Silovanje se dešava i muškarcima, dešava se u drugačijim odnosima moći, uzimalo je različite oblike i bilo društveno tretirano na različite načine. Jedna stvar je definitivno konstantna – silovanje kao pojava postoji u svim društvima, u doba mira i rata, u svim sferama javnog i privatnog.
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Czechs were among Nazi Germany’s first foreign victims, with Prague the last capital to be freed at the end of World War II. Capitulation, occupation and oppression cast a long shadow which persisted into the post-war period.
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Rodno zasnovano nasilje je kršenje ljudskih prava i oblik diskriminacije i označava svaki čin nasilja koji ima za posljedicu ili će vjerovatno imati za posljedicu fizičku, psihičku, seksualnu ili ekonomsku povredu, odnosno patnju, uključujući i prijetnje takvim djelima, prinudu ili namjerno oduzimanje slobode u javnom ili privatnom životu. Rodno zasnovano nasilje je jedan od najviše rasprostranjenih oblika kršenja ljudskih prava i fenomen koji je duboko ukorijenjen u rodne nejednakosti, počiva na rodnim normama i nejednakim odnosima moći. Može se manifestovati u različitim oblicima ili kao kombinacija više njih: fizičko, emocionalno, psihološko ili seksualno nasilje te ekonomsko nasilje. U ovom tekstu, rodno zasnovano nasilje razumijemo u širem smislu, uključujući i nasilje na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i/ili rodnog identiteta.
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Since most of the available researches and documents that are analyzed cannot find clearly distinguished data by regions as well as separately for these two regions (one of the exceptions is the research of the CURE Foundation "Women who inspire"), a general overview with somespecifics for a better understanding of the state in the field will be done. After that we will give an overview of some local specifics. It should be noted that the regional divisions do not follow the administrative ones as four analyzed municipalities in these two regions belong to the municipality of Eastern Sarajevo, and two belong to the Romanija region.
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Document "Socio-economic indicators by municipalities in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2016" represents the basic socio-economic indicators of FBiH development by municipalities and ranking the local community according to the level of development. When determining the general development index of each municipality in FBiH, the following indicators were used: the level of employment of the population, the level of unemployment, the number of primary and secondary school students per 1,000 inhabitants, the absent population compared to the 1991 census and the tax revenues per municipality percapita.
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Zbornik radova s Međunarodne naučne konferencije pod nazivom GENOCID NAD BOŠNJACIMA, SREBRENICA 1995–2020: Uzroci, razmjere i posljedice predstavlja izuzetno važan doprinos naučnom sagledavanju namjera, uzroka, ciljeva, razmjera i posljedica izvršenog genocida kao i drugih zločina protiv vrijednosti zaštićenih međunarodnim pravom. Međunarodni kao i drugi naučni skupovi neophodni su kako bi se sagledale i sublimirale činjenice iz perioda agresije, a zbornik radova ostaje u naslijeđe budućim generacijama kao opomena da se zločini nikada i nikome ne ponove. Zbornik sadrži 39 radova u kojima su predstavljena nova istraživanja i saznanja koja s interdisciplinarnog, odnosno društveno-političkog, historijskog, sociološkog, psihološkog, demografskog aspekta elaboririraju rezultate istraživanja o događajima u Bosni i Hercegovini u razdoblju 1992‒1995. Posebnu vrijednost daju i radovi koji tematiziraju društveno-političke posljedice nakon 1995. godine. Zbog obima naučnih radova, zbornik je podijeljen u dva jednako vrijedna i značajna dijela (I i II tom). Koncepcija strukture sadržaja sistematizirana je u šest tematskih cjelina. Prvi tom obuhvata 15 radova, a drugi 24 rada. Zbornik počinje predgovorom prof. dr. Rifata Škrijelja, rektora Univerziteta u Sarajevu, a završava Zaključcima s Konferencije, koje u ime Naučnog odbora potpisuje akademik, prof. dr. Mirko Pejanović.
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The paper discusses the international obligations of states and international organizations, which derive from the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Likewise, the Convention is an international instrument that is an expression of general customary international law. Therefore, it binds the contracting state parties and the non-contracting state parties. The paper analyzes the obligations to prohibit the direct commission of the crime of genocide, non-participation in its commission, prevention and punishment of the perpetrators of this international crime. As a separate chapter, the article deals with particular consequences created for states (and international organizations) following the violation of obligations under the Convention. As these are serious breaches of the obligations arising from the peremptory norms of general international law, a separate and aggravated legal regime of responsibility for states (and international organizations) is therefore provided in international law. In addition to three forms of reparations: restitution, compensation and satisfaction, it refers to the application of other sanctions (measures).
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Numerous crimes against children were committed in the aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995). In this paper, the subject of research will be a review of crimes against children in Sarajevo, Mostar and Srebrenica. Numerous documents, data, statements, information, findings and numerous verdicts of convicted war criminals before the ICTY and before domestic courts testify to the crimes committed in these three cities. The mass and manner of committing crimes against children in Sarajevo, Mostar and Srebrenica, as examples of crimes against children throughout the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, prove that the aggressors did not have a sensitivity to the youngest and most protected category of civilians.
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Within the Africana worldview system, there does not exist a division regarding the mind, body, and spirit. Eurocentric hegemony distorts and disrupts one’s inherent ontological framework, causing epistemicide (Taylor, 2020), or an “ontological rearrangement” (Snorton, 2017, p. 74) which positions the Black Queer body as one to be contested. This contestation leads to the body being transgressed, which can result in recolonization and puts Queer futurity in jeopardy. Within this article, contestation is used to describe the debate regarding the right of Black Queer bodies to exist and occupy space, while transgressions encompass the different forms of violence that society has inflicted on these bodies. Using performance ethnographies, sacred texts, historical record, novels, and popular culture, this article examines the ways in which the Black Queer body has been, and continues to be, dismembered. The systemic dismemberment of the Black Queer body is an agency reduction formation (Tillotson, 2016) because it reduces the ability of the Black Queer person to situate and preserve their body. I interrogate how contestation and transgression interfere with the Black Queer body’s ability to (re)member.
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All his life Ales Adamowitsch thought about and never tired of writing that the most important and fundamental idea at the end of the 20th century was: Why does one person kill another person? His novellas, essays and literary journalism spoke of this. In this article, which we present to the reader and in which he analyzes the novels “Breast Sign 'Ost” and “The Dam” by the well-known Russian writer Vitaly Sjomin, he repeatedly returns to his constant theme: How can thoughts of murder as such be erased from human mind?
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on the connection between war memory and disaster processing in Belarus and Germany
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Le samedi 6 avril, un inconnu téléphone à la rédaction de « Literami Listy » : « Ici le prisonnier de la cellule n° 46. Le médecin qui administrait aux détenus des stupéfiants s'appelle Sommer. Quelques jours avant le XIIIe Congrès, il fut exclu de la police, et maintenant, à ce qu'on dit, il travaille quelque part à Vysocany comme médecin du travail. Description : le cheveu rare, calvitie sur le front, corpulence massive, mesurant un mètre soixante-dix environ. Il a travaillé dans les services de la police d’Etat à Prague avec le grade de colonel. Son collaborateur, devenu par la suite son supérieur, était l'ingénieur Vratislav Podzemsky qui occupe actuellement le rang de colonel. Son secteur de travail concernait les substances chimiques. Il était connu comme protégé d'Antonin Novotny. Si quelqu’un souhaite d'autres renseignements, passez une annonce dans « Literarni Listy » pour demander au détenu de la cellule n° 46 de se mettre en contact avec la rédaction. »
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Mediation in criminal procedure in the Republic of North Macedonia was implemented in 2009 with the Changes and Additions of the Mediation Law from 2006, in 2009 with the Law for Criminal procedure and in 2013 with the Law for Children’s Justice and the new Mediation Law. Even that until today almost 10 years have passed since the implementation of mediation in criminal procedure, we are witnesses that this kind of mediation still has no practice and no practical appliance in reality. This paper presents results from the research of the Primary courts and Primary Public Prosecution’s from the area of the six municipalities under the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal Bitola regarding their experiences so far and their opinions about mediation in criminal procedure. These data can give useful information about the degree of implementation of mediation in criminal procedure in practice and are helping in reaching solutions for getting easier solutions about how to provide successful implementation of mediation in criminal procedure in practice.
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Gender-based violence is a challenge of the current society. The discrimination against women in considering the dominant role of men, regarding the position of power, and, at the same time, the emphasis of gender inequalities are factors generating gender-based violence—a phenomenon faced by the whole world-wide society. The right to life, gender equality, prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex, protection of physical integrity, and the right to health are fundamental human rights impacted by gender-based violence, safeguarded by many instruments acting at the international level. The Convention of the Council of Europe on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the Istanbul Convention) is the reference instrument in matters of combating gender-based violence, campaigning for equality between men and women and for protection of women against all forms of violence. Therefore, we now have a comprehensive legal framework where violence against women is considered a serious violation of human rights and, at the same time, a form of discrimination of women in society. The accelerated increase of gender-based violence made the European Union intensify its efforts against such phenomenon, and therefore, on June 1, 2023, there was the adhesion of the EU to the Istanbul Convention, Decision (EU) 2023/1075 and Decision (EU) 2023/1076, published in the Official Journal of the European Union, L 1431 of June 2, 2023.
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Women who are victimized as a result of all kinds of violence against women, women’s disempowerment, gender inequality, social impositions and expectations, continue to be victimized in our country as in many parts of the world from past to present. Women face gender inequality even before they are born. In reproductive age, they are blamed for the sex of their babies, their right to education is denied, they are subjected to mobbing in working life, and their social roles and responsibilities continue at home. In order to prevent gender-based violence, empower women and improve their health, support systems need to be established, preventive services need to be planned and accessible. Midwives should evaluate every woman and girl they encounter in terms of violence. Health managers should develop health service policies that integrate preventive and protective services with psychosocial support services and ensure that they are easily accessible when needed. This review, which is based on the literature, aims to share information about the institutions where women who are victims of gender inequality can receive help in cases of violence and other problems.
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The aim of the research is to find out how crime is perceived, how its state is assessed, what are people's expectations of the state to guarantee their own safety and that of their property, how they evaluate what the state is doing in this regard and what measures they themselves take. The methods used are the analysis of statistical information and empirical information from sociological research. It was conducted in December 2022 with a nationally representative sample of the population over 18 years of age. A significant degree of victimization of the population is established, which is reflected in the estimates of the state of crime. With good reason, it is often defined as a serious problem in today's Bulgarian society. Significant groups of the population declare concern about their personal security, which obviously does not contribute to a high quality of life. People's expectations and demands for guaranteeing their inviolability are primarily addressed to the state, but according to dominant assessments, it is far from meeting their expectations and demands - a fact that also affects people's attitude towards the state - it alienates and affects readiness to fulfill civil obligations.
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