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National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence

Author(s): Slavyanka Ivanova / Language(s): English

Bulgaria is among those half of EU-member states where statistical information about victim-offender relationship is not gathered, hereby making impossible the assessment of the share of domestic violence among crimes against the person. Domestic violence is not qualified as a criminal offence and is still not included in the Criminal Code – and respectively, in statistical data provided by the Police and by the National Statistical Institute. Information about numbers of complaints for domestic violence registered in the police and numbers of cases of domestic violence submitted to the courts are not present in the publicly available statistics either. The current report is part of the National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM), developed under Programme Area 29, BG12: Domestic and Gender Based Violence, Measure 3: Research and data collection of the Norwegian Financial Mechanism, in response to their aims: research and collection of data regarding the prevalence and measures to prevent and combat DGBV. The general objective of the study is to contribute to the prevention of DGBV and to improve the situation of DGBV victims in Bulgaria, with specific focus on Roma women and girls. The specific objective is to develop knowledge and expertise regarding the situation of domestic and gender-based violence to ensure that all stakeholders including the Bulgarian government can access strong independent analysis in order to facilitate better informed and evidence-based policy decisions. This objective is achieved by conducting quantitative and qualitative study in Bulgaria which provides data regarding the prevalence and measures to prevent and combat DGBV among the general and Roma population. Additional objective is to develop and pilot a Victims Support Model (VSM), which aimed to involve local community in the assistance and protection of DGBV victims and engage the key local stakeholders (police departments, service providers, local authorities, Roma organizations).

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National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM)

Author(s): Slavyanka Ivanova,Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): English

The current brief is based on the results of the National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM), developed under Programme Area 29, BG12: Domestic and Gender Based Violence, Measure 3: Research and data collection of the Norwegian Financial Mechanism. The study focused on four main thematic areas connected with DGBV phenomena: factors and causes, scales and prevalence, consequences, and public response. The study revealed that DGBV victimisation is caused by the simultaneous action of three types of factors: factors representing a conflict, violent conflict-resolution models that the perpetrators follow, and lack or blocking of deterrent mechanisms. DGBV re-victimisation occurs when the victims lack both internal and external resources to counteract. The reporting of DGBV prevalence depends on three factors: real occurrence of DGBV, awareness that the experienced acts represent DGBV, and readiness to share this experience with authorities, help providers or researchers.

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Vulnerable Groups of Prisoners: A Handbook

Author(s): Alejandro Forero Cuéllar,María Celeste Tortosa,Klaus Dreckmann,Dimitar Markov,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

In prison, certain groups of inmates are subject to disadvantages due to specifics of their origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, etc. These groups usually need special treatment, which is not always provided, which leads to unequal treatment and violation of their rights. This handbook examines the situation of such vulnerable groups within the prison systems of Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. Starting from the classification of the UN Handbook on Prisoners with special needs and looking at the different national contexts, the authors identify different groups as vulnerable in different countries. In order to encompass as many groups as possible, their list was extended to include some particularly marginalised groups, such as sex offenders, prisoners with disabilities, etc. Each group is viewed in context, explaining the situations of vulnerability both generally and in the selected countries. From one side, the handbook presents the efforts for compensation of vulnerabilities in every country available in the legislation or provided by prison authorities or other actors. From the other side, it identifies the gaps in the measures and practices, which vary both from country to country and from group to group.

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Prison Conditions Monitoring Index: Methodology and Pilot Results

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

International organisations, national governments and human rights NGOs exercise various types of monitoring of the penitentiary systems. In order to quantify their results, there are some generally accepted indicators (such as the number of inmates per 100.000 citizens), but in many specific areas like healthcare, employment, security and safety, such indicators have never been applied. Therefore, those monitoring efforts will substantially benefit from an instrument capable of supplying comparable and easy-to-use data on the situation in prisons. To address this need, the Center for the Study of Democracy, in cooperation with the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, the Observatory on the Penal System and Human Rights with the University of Barcelona, the Law Institute of Lithuania and Association Droit au Droit, developed a Prison Conditions Monitoring Index (PCMI) – a system of indicators translating into comparable figures the situation in different prisons. In the end of 2014, the PCMI was piloted in several prisons in Bulgaria, Germany and Lithuania to test its operability and analyse the potential use of the results it generates. The present report elaborates on the methodology underlying the PCMI and offers a summary of the results of its pilot implementation. It is intended for a broad audience of readers including policy makers, prison staff, lawyers, social workers, academics and NGOs interested in the topic of prison monitoring.

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Organized Crime in Bulgaria: Markets and Trends

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The report Organized Crime in Bulgaria: Markets and Trends summarizes the analyses carried out by the Center for the Study of Democracy throughout the last decade which have focused on specific aspects of organized crime in Bulgaria (contraband, the drug market, tax fraud, human trafficking, arms proliferation, etc.), the systemic spread of corruption, and the linkages between the two. The report presents the latest trends and manifestations (or market niches) of syndicate crime and its particularly damaging effects. It goes further to offer a historical review of the facts and available expertise in the area, and to draw conclusions about the origin, characteristics and developmental features of organized criminality in Bulgaria in the context of the transition to democracy.

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Национално изследване на домашното насилие и насилието, основано на полов признак. Аналитичен доклад

Author(s): Slavyanka Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

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Подпомагане и реинтеграция на деца – жертви на трафик: Подобряване на политиката и практиката в страните от Европейския съюз

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

This Handbook presents the main results of an in-depth evaluation study of the legal, policy and practical frameworks for assistance to and reintegration of child victims of trafficking in six EU Member States – Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, and Sweden. The three reports included in this Handbook are based on three standardised methodologies for examination of legal and policy frameworks, for evaluation of programmes for assistance and re/integration of child victims of trafficking and for indentification of good practices in this area. The reports analyse the relevance of legal frameworks for the needs of trafficked children and the effectiveness of services for such children in different areas of assistance, such as: identification of trafficked children, appointment of a guardian, individual case assessment, regularisation of status, interim care and protection, durable solutions and longterm re/integration. The reports offer a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of assistance and reintegration programs and discuss identified challenges that need to be addressed in countries of both destination and origin in order to assure better protection and assistance to trafficked children across the EU.

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Институционални индикатори за управление на делата в наказателното правосъдие: Международни и национални индикатори, ситуацията в България и Полша

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Malena Zingoni,Miriana Ilcheva,Paweł Wiliński,Petr Karlík / Language(s): Bulgarian

This publication reviews the existing practices of courts’ performance measurement and criminal cases management based on the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness, transparency, quality care, benchmarking, result orientation and accountability. These efforts are considered on supranational and national level as two components of the process of implementing a quality model in the justice sector, growing increasingly intense at EU level. At national level, the report examines the achievements in implementing performance indicators in England and Wales, Germany, Netherlands, Finland, Belgium, France and Spain, as well as in Romania. The normative, policy and strategic framework of Bulgaria and Poland is also tackled in order to cover the prospects for introduction of such indicators in the two target countries.

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Наказание на свобода: възможни алтернативи на затвора в Европейския съюз

Author(s): Christine M. Graebsch,Sven-Uwe Burkhardt / Language(s): Bulgarian

The issue of imprisonment vs. alternative penalties has been debated in various European countries during the last decades, and ambulant sanctions have been heavily on the rise. Community sentences and other alternatives to imprisonment are regarded as modern instruments for the rehabilitation of offenders. The objective of the present study is to examine the scope of application of penalties without deprivation of liberty as compared to imprisonment as well as to identify promising practices of alternative criminal sanctioning in Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Spain and Lithuania. As this study covers several European countries, the comparative perspective suggests itself nearly as a matter of course. In this connection, it seems reasonable to describe the existing ambulant sanctions of the different member states involved, taking into account their legal arrangement and their relation within the system of penal sanctions including their relation to the deprivation of liberty. It in addition appears sensible to describe and compare these ambulant sanctions with reference to their contribution to the re-socialisation or rehabilitation of those subjected to them as well as with special attention to the involvement of civil society in their execution. In a further step, promising practices in connection with ambulant sanctions could be highlighted which may be recommended for imitation by other member states. Such an approach proves to be impossible for multiple reasons, though, and it would be inadequate just to make such an attempt. There are exemplary references to ambulant sanctions in Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. This is due to the fact that scientists from these countries have taken part in the realisation of this project but not necessarily because of specific outstanding features of their sanction systems in comparison with other member states.

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Правото на защита и принципът на равнопоставеност на страните в българския наказателен процес

Author(s): Maria Yordanova,Dimitar Markov,Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The publication analyses the regulation of the right of defence in Bulgaria and explores the principle of equality of the parties in the pre-trial phase. For the purposes of the study the authors present the system of judicial and investigative bodies as well as the most important characteristics of the criminal proceedings, in particular of the pre-trial proceedings. The study discusses the rights of the defence counsels and their procedural role and outlines a number of problems that attorneys face in defending their clients during the criminal proceedings.

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Тенденции на престъпността в България: полицейска статистика и виктимизационни изследвания

Author(s): Tihomir Bezlov,Philip Gounev,Alexander Stoyanov,Maria Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The report uses a crime victimization survey as an alternative analytical tool to make an independent assessment of the crime situation in Bulgaria for the period 2001–2004. The crime victimization survey polls people’s experiences with crime. Unlike official government crime statistics, the regular crime victimization surveys help the police and government authorities, as well as the public to understand: • whether the official police crime data reflect the real crime rate and crime trends; • the volume of the unreported crime; • the reasons victims do not report crimes to the police; • whether the police avoids registering reported crimes; • the profile of the social groups that are most at risk of falling victims to crime.

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Is There War in ‘l’écriture de guerre’?

Author(s): Nirman Moranjak-Bamburać / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

THIS ESSAY DISCUSSES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LITERATURE AND WAR; BETWEEN VIOLENCE AND WRITING. IN THE CONTEXT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, ONE WIDELY HELD POSITION ASSERTS THAT, IN ITS LITERATURE, THE LAST WAR INITIATED PROCESSES OF IDENTITY FORMATION THAT SHOULD BE SEEN AS THE WAR FORMATION OF SUBJECTIVITY. IN THIS RESPECT, FAMOUS CRITICS ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THIS SO-CALLED CHANGE IN PARADIGM IN THE LITERATURE AS THE ABANDONMENT OF THE HERO FIGURE IN FAVOUR OF THE FIGURE OF THE VICTIM AND THE WITNESS. SUCH FORMATIONS OF ‘AUTHENTIC’ SUBJECTS ARE CRITICISED IN THIS ESSAY, STARTING FROM THE PREMISE THAT THE ORIGINAL VIOLENCE OF WRITING (AS ELABORATED BY DERRIDA) AND FACTUAL VIOLENCE CANNOT BE SEPARATED. I CALL FOR CAUTIOUSNESS IN DISCUSSING ‘L’ÉCRITURE DE GUERRE’ (WHICH IS DIFFERENT FROM DISCUSSING LITERATURE WITH WAR THEMES), BECAUSE IF THIS FIGURE OF SPEECH IS INTRODUCED INTO THE CRITICAL DISCOURSE UNQUESTIONINGLY, THIS, IN MY OPINION, PERVERSELY TWISTS THE PROJECT OF ‘L’ÉCRITURE FÉMININE’, WHICH HAS BEEN DENIED ITS TRUE EMANCIPATORY POTENTIAL TOO EARLY IN ITS EXISTENCE. I ALSO HOLD THAT IT IS NAÏVE TO BELIEVE THAT DISCURSIVE VIOLENCE CAN BE PREVENTED BY SOME ‘ANTI-WAR ORIENTED LITERATURE’. ON THE CONTRARY, I BELIEVE THAT EVEN IN THESE CASES OF IDENTITY FORMATION, THERE IS ALWAYS A RISK OF A STRENGTHENING, OR EVEN A REPLICATING AND MULTIPLYING OF VIOLENCE.

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Gender Violence in India and the Laws: An Analysis

Author(s): Anupama Goel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Understanding the varying dimensions of violence against women and the impact of juridical and legal modes of reparation on their well-being is the main theme of the present paper. The primary objective of this paper is to study and analyse if the stereotypical legal remedies provided to Indian women have been able to yield the desired result of enhancing equality and harmony in society by mitigating violence against women or not. Are these conventional and typecast legal solutions enough to eliminate gender violence from Indian society? Is there any need to rephrase or overhaul Indian laws or remedies to satiate the need for peace and dignity to all women? Can there be some piecemeal or problem-based solutions to women issues, especially related to violence? Are available ready-made legal solutions capable of ensuring ‘justice’ to women to all kinds of their problems emanating from ‘violence’ inside and outside the house, when we all know that ‘violence’ affects and shatters anyone not only physically, but emotionally, psychologically and often, permanently. Laws and legal remedies evolve and shape with the passage of time, as a process, which can never be only juridical, but should be social and political also. ‘Gender violence’ is a transnational subject, and more importantly during present times of pandemic, stress and anxiety. There is an urgent need to create and innovate workable solutions with full active participation of women therein. A new zero violence society is the urgent need of the hour.

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Domestic Violence and Principles Introduced by Istanbul Convention

Author(s): Rossella Marzullo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

On the issue of combating the insidious and dramatic phenomenon of family and gender violence, Istanbul Convention can be considered the first legally binding instrument in the international context. It introduces a system of rules aimed at the protection of women and minors against all forms of violence, which is complete and attentive also in terms of promoting the culture of equality, stigmatizing any discrimination based on sex. The objectives of the text have been summarized in the "3 P": "Prevention, Protection of victims and Prosecution of Offenders". In each of these three areas (prevention, protection of victims, and prosecution of guilty) the Convention indicates various measures of a specific nature that States are called upon to implement.

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Online Child Pornography: A New Challenge for the Society

Author(s): Mohamed CHAWKI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Controlling online child pornography has always been a challenge for the global community. The introduction, growth, and utilisation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been accompanied by an increase in illegal activities. With respect to cyberspace, children’s massive online presence and the rise of child pornography as a business are forcing all countries to adopt strong laws and collaborate internationally to tackle this threat. Recent online search trends indicate a manifold increase in the search for child pornographic material. Although there is a diversity of opinions on the definition of child pornography and the appropriate punishment, it is widely accepted that the Internet has exposed more children to pedophiles, mostly from poor countries. With respect to Egypt, almost 55% of the population has access to the Internet, and most Internet users access social networking sites. On such a basis, this article seeks to address and analyse the following issues: Firstly, the impact of ICTs on the spread of online child pornographic material and the techniques used by offenders. Secondly, an analysis of the existing legislative and regulatory framework and their efficiency in combating this form of organised crime will be provided, taking Egypt as a case study. Finally, the paper will conclude by discussing some recommendations that should be taken to protect children and society and minimise the risk of utilising ICTs in illegal criminal activities, especially with respect to child pornography.

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Some Measures to Prevent Domestic Violence

Author(s): Adriana Tulus / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Romanian Constitution guarantees the equality of citizens before the law and public authorities without privileges or discrimination, as well as the rights and freedoms of all persons. It also provides that no person shall be subjected to torture or to any other degrading or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Following the legislative changes in 2004, the National Authority for the Protection of the Family and the Rights of the Child was born in Romania, which was established by taking over the attributions of the National Authority for the Protection of the Rights of the Child, the Pilot Center for Assistance and Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence of Information and Consultancy for the Family and of the National

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Zur literarischen Rekonstruktion des Opferbegriffes im Roman Schindlers Lift von Darko Cvijetić

Author(s): Jasmina Zlatarević / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

When Darko Cvijetić writes about skyscrapers in Prijedor in his novel Schindler's Lift, he doesn't think of the building as the epitome of human living. Nor is his literary impetus directed towards the events associated with this building. Basically, he is also not interested in the history of this city. He explicitly stands up for people, legitimizing his literary position through deep compassion for every victim of those skyscrapers of this city. The red and blue skyscraper are two of the tallest buildings in Prijedor. In 1975 the first tenants moved into the building. To this time all people still lived together and in peace. All those people celebrated and mourned together, as it was expected from a socialistic country, or from a multicultural Bosnia and Herzegovina. This multicultural country came into the focus of public attention some 15 years later, the difficult war years followed and the immediate post-war period. There is no narrative or narrator capable of understanding the horror of that war. No narrative could compare with the victims of the war. The literary intention of Darko Cvijetić was to prove this point.

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Open Archive of Hate: Terrorism and Violent Extremism on Internet Archive

Author(s): Gabriel Weimann / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The recognized correlation between the growing spread of violent extremist and terrorist content on the Internet and online platforms and the significant increase of attacks inspired by these postings caused governments and security agencies to launch various countermeasures. These measures included removal of terrorist and violent extremist online content (or “deplatforming”), suspension of their social media accounts, hacking websites and pressuring social media companies to remove terrorist propaganda. Struggling to adjust to these countermeasures and sustain their online presence, terrorist and violent extremists moved from mainstream online platforms to alternative online channels including anonymous sharing portals and cloud services. The most popular archiving service used by various extremist and terrorist groups is the Internet Archive. While the few studies on hate speech and violent content on Internet Archive focused only on a certain type of content or a specific group, this study attempts to reveal a wide range of contents, groups and organizations who use this archive for sharing and promoting such contents. To examine the use of Internet Archive by various groups and organizations involved in violence, terrorism, hate speech, racism and neo-Nazism we applied several stages of data collection and analysis. The findings highlight an alarming volume of terrorist, extremist, and racist material on the Internet Archive. These findings are discussed in terms of ethical and practical implications.

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Ses İşleme Destekli Deprem Sonrası Enkaz Altında Mahsur Kalan Canlılar için Konumlandırma Sistemi

Author(s): Ibrahim Öztürk,Ergün Payal / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Yüksek şiddetli depremler sonrasında yaşanabilecek araç, ekipman ve personel eksikliği, istenmeyen bir durumdur. Bu tür durumlarda, canlı belirtisi alınamayan bir enkaza kaynak ayırmaktansa canlı belirtisi tespit edilebilen enkazlara kaynak ayırmak, hayat kurtarma ihtimalini arttırabilir. Enkaz altında canlı tespiti farklı teknolojiler kullanılarak yapılabilmektedir. Termal kamera, yılan kamera gibi cihazlarla ısı ve/veya görüntü ile canlı tespiti yapılabilir. Bunun yanı sıra, ses ve titreşim algılayacak sensörlere sahip cihazlar da kullanılabilir (Sun, Yang, Liu, Zu, & Xu, 2011). Örneğin, 6 Şubat Kahramanmaraş depreminde, DELSAR adı verilen cihaz (ATEK-A.Ş., 2023) ses titreşimindeki değişiklikleri elektrik sinyaline dönüştürerek duvar ötesinde canlı olup olmadığını algılayarak birçok hayat kurtarmaya zemin oluşturabilmiştir.

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Erlangung der Hoffnung oder Zeilen aus einem Pädagogischen Poem / Обретение Надежды, или Строки из Педагогической Поэмы

Author(s): Leonid Jekel / Language(s): German,Belarusian Publication Year: 0

ABout the "Nadeshda" Center - Center of post-Chernobyl rehabiitation of children

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