ПЕРВАЯ МИРОВАЯ ВОЙНА В СОВЕТСКОМ ПЕЧАТНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ 1920-1940-х гг.

Author(s): V.A. Kutdusova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

The article is about a relevant issue of national identity formation. The author is aiming to trace the mechanisms of national myth creation and construction of historical memory. The author considers it appropriate to research these processes using the memory of World War I as an example. Specifically, the ways in which the war was covered in Soviet press. The empirical material used includes: issues of the Soviet newspapers «Pravda» and its Perm counterpart — newspaper «Zvezda» that were released in the period from 1924 to 1948. The key evidence is the thesis that government discourse was used to affect the memory construction by speech influence on the general public. The author suggests that the Soviet government, which had the the print media production monopoly, formed the identity of Soviet people by giving emotional context to the events and characters of the past. The analysis showed that the Soviet newspapers provided significantly more coverage to the periods of anniversaries of the beginning of WWI than to those of its end. The end of WWI was replaced by the memory of the Great October Revolution and, later, of the civil war. The images of war in different periods are dissimilar to each other, they are constructed by newspaper columnists with consideration of the current situation in order to reflect the reality.

IS OHS NEGLIGENCE AND EVASION AN “ERROR OF JUDGEMENT” OR “WHITE-COLLAR CRIME”? AN INTERPRETATION OF APPAREL MANUFACTURERS IN BANGLADESH

Author(s): Muhammad Faisol Chowdhury / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2016

This paper investigates the managerial interpretation of the terms “error of judgement” and “white-collar crime” in relation to the evasion or negligence observed in administering occupational health and safety (OHS) provisions in the apparel manufacturing sector of Bangladesh. The research is qualitative in nature and follows an interpretivist paradigm. The questionnaire responses were collected from 20 mid- and top-level managers from 10 large apparel manufacturing factories located on the outskirts of Dhaka. The research reveals that all of the respondents have adequate knowledge about the relevant OHS provisions and safety protocols imposed on them by the local government and the global supply chain. They believe that the correct administration of the OHS provisions will reduce workplace accidents effectively. The research unfolds that the respondents interpret in different ways the terms "error of judgement” and “white-collar crime” in association with OHS negligence and evasion. Although empirical evidence shows that this type of negligence and evasion are considered as white-collar crime and punishable, most of the respondents in this research do not subscribe to this notion and alternatively believe that it is an “error of judgement” and therefore non-punishable.

ABD İSTİHBARATINDA YAŞANAN DEĞİŞİMLER

Author(s): Sait Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

Dünyada istihbaratın güvenlik, dış politika, savunma, özel şirketler ve teknoloji ile dansı her gün yeni örnekler ile başımızı döndürüyor. Geçtiğimiz döneme Wikileaks, El Kaide lideri Bin Ladin’in öldürülmesi damgasını vururken, Arap Baharı adı verilen Orta Doğu ayaklanmaları ile savunma-sosyal medya-istihbarat işbirlikleri bir kez daha öne çıkıyor. Siber alanda her gün yeni bir teknolojik gelişme ile karşılaşıyoruz. 11 Eylül 2001’den beri Batılı istihbarat servisleri büyük bir değişim geçirmekte, yeni güvenlik ortamına adapte olabilmek için teknolojiyi önlerine katarak yarışmaktadırlar. Görüntü ve sinyal istihbaratı için uzayda yapılan yarışa, ekonomik istihbarat alanındaki yarış eklendi. Son 50 yıldır istihbarat alanındaki reform girişimleri sadece teşkilat düzenlemeleri ile istihbarat örgütlerinin bir yere varamayacağını göstermiştir. İstihbarat reformları sadece prosedürel değişim değil, yeni durumlara kendini adapte edebilecek şekilde kültürel değişimi de gerektirmektedir. Bu makalede önce istihbarat alanında reform çalışmalarına daha sonra CIA’dan başlayarak, Amerikan istihbarat sisteminde son dönemde yapılan çalışmalara yer vereceğiz.

CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS OF THE PRISONERS IN IRAN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC

Author(s): Shahla Zarai / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2011

It is right that the constitution of each country's political system and discipline of all aspects of central government and the main force determining the best public relations people, and its strict enforcement, blocking all avenues of despotism to freedom, human dignity and citizenship rights to the guarantee.

SONU GELMEYEN TEHCİR VE ERMENİLER

Author(s): Erdinç Aslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2009

Her yıl nisan ayı geldiğinde Ermenileri bir telaş alır. 24 Nisan 1915’de uygulanan tehcir kanunuyla kendilerine soykırım yapıldığı iddialarına bütün dünyayı inandırmaya çalışan Ermeniler özellikle bu ayda propaganda faaliyetlerine yoğunluk kazandırırlar. Oysa dünya kamuoyunun görmek istemediği hatta ülkemizde bile birçok kimsenin farkında olmadığı bir gerçek var. Yaklaşık iki asırdan beri devam eden Türk tehciri... Ermenilerin propagandalarını yoğunlaştırdığı bu dönemde Türklere karşı giriştikleri katliamların, soykırımların ve tehcirlerin iki asırdan beri nasıl sistematik bir şekilde devam ettiğini bir kez daha hatırlamakta yarar var.

Crimes against children in Gorazde during the siege 1992-1995

Author(s): Muamer Džananović / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

Children in war benefit from the general protection of international humanitarian law as civilians or combatants in any sort of conflict. Despite that fact, it is obvious that the Army of the Republic of Srpska during the war against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995, highly violated fundamental rights of children by depriving them of the right to life, education, of electricity, water and food supplies, having them wounded and their home destroyed.The aggressor knew that by the commission of crimes against children a multifaceted crime was committed. In addition to the crimes against children, the crimes were committed against their parents, brothers, sisters, relatives, friends and everyone who had children and against those who could realize the gravity of such crimes.

Godišnji izvještaj o stanju prava žena u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom 2013. godine

Author(s): Esther Garcia Fransioli / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2013

Žene u Bosni i Hercegovini se još uvijek suočavaju sa diskriminacijom i sa nejednakim mogućnostima pri pristupanju i ostvarivanju svojih prava u odnosu na muškarce. Formalno zakonodavstvo i javne politike koje se odnose na zaštitu prava žena u Bosni i Hercegovini znatno su se poboljšale tokom proteklih godina. Kreiran je Zakon o ravnopravnosti polova (2003. i 2009. godina sa usklađenom verzijom iz 2010. godine), te novi Gender akcioni plan (2013. - 2017.) na državnom nivou (usvojen u septembru 2013. godine); rodna kvota od 40% uvedena je u Izborni zakon BiH (april 2013.), a kreirane su i nove odredbe na entitetskim nivoima i javnim politikama za prevenciju i borbu protiv nasilja u porodici. Uz sve ovo, Bosna i Hercegovina je potpisala i ratificirala sve važnije međunarodne dokumente iz oblasti ljudskih prava žena, uključujući i Konvenciju Vijeća Evrope o prevenciji i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici (Istambulska konvencija) 2013. godine. Međutim, istinske promjene u praksi su veoma spore; žene ostaju bez mogućnosti uživanja ljudskih prava kako u privatnoj tako i u javnoj sferi, a dijalog i partnerstvo između vlade i nevladinih organizacija za unapređivanje i zaštitu ljudskih prava i dalje su daleko od zadovoljavajućeg. Prisutan je ozbiljan problem nejednakosti utemeljenih na rodu i diskriminacije žena pri pristupu tržištu rada koje se obično dešava u kombinaciji sa strukturalnim stereotipiziranjem i problemom neplaćenog rada koji neproporcionalno pogađaju žene. Trenutne strategije za zapošljavanje ne pristupaju ozbiljno pitanju učešća žena na tržištu rada tako da se ne dešava poboljšanje koje bi trebalo doprinijeti smanjenju siromaštva. Svi ovi faktori odražavaju se na veoma nizak broj zaposlenih žena u 2013. godini: samo oko jedne trećine (37,3%) zaposlenih su žene, što znači da se u 2013. nije desio značajan napredak u odnosu na prethodne godine. Također, činjenica da postoji dva puta više nezaposlenih žena sa univerzitetskom diplomom nego nezaposlenih muškaraca je alarmirajuća. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da su porodiljski dodaci regulirani drugačije u različitim dijelovima BiH, te da postoje mjesta gdje žene nemaju pristup porodiljskim dodacima ili dobivaju otkaze nakon što ostanu trudne, može se zaključiti da je situacija po pitanju prava roditelja također stagnirala tokom 2013. godine. U javnoj i političkoj sferi žene i dalje nisu dovoljno zastupljene; situacija je gora za žene koje pripadaju nekoj od grupa koje se suočavaju sa duplom diskriminacijom i koje su pod većim rizikom od socijalne isključenosti. Značajan problem se očituje u lošoj uvezanosti i nedostatku sistematizacije kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih informacija o ovim grupama žena (tj. nisu dostupni podaci o ženama sa posebnim potrebama). Također, alarmirajuće je to što tokom 2013. godine potrebe žena nisu specifič- no izražene pri reviziji mnogih postojećih akcionih planova za čije sprovođenje još uvijek ne postoji dovoljno novca (tj. Revidirani Akcioni plan Bosne i Hercegovine o obrazovnim potrebama Roma iz 2010. godine). Tokom 2013. godne u Izborni zakon Bosne i Hercegovine uvedena je rodna kvota od 40% učešća spola koji je manje prisutan u vladajućim strukturama, što označava povećanje u odnosu na prethodnih 33%. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da su trenutno žene nedovoljno zastupljene na svim političkim poljima, istinski napredak će biti moguće vidjeti samo ukoliko se navedeni zakon bude pravilno primjenjivao tokom izbora u 2014. godini. Inicijative koje su se desile tokom 2013. godine su: uspostavljen je Klub parlamentarki Predstavničkog doma Federacije (mart 2013.), nekoliko NVO-a kreirali su Žensku platformu za ustavne promjene i rodne perspektive, a potpisan je i prvi Memorandum o razumijevanju za nadgledanje sprovođenja Akcionog plana UN rezolucije 1325 (oktobar 2013.). Rezultati ovih inicijativa će biti praćeni tokom narednih nekoliko godina. Nasilje nad ženama i djevojčicama je i dalje ozbiljno pitanje u BiH. Za nadati se da će novi podaci iz oblasti nasilja u porodici, koji su dostupni od početka 2013. godine pružiti dobru osnovu za buduće mjere prevencije i intervencije nad žrtvama. Nalazi pokazuju da je gotovo polovina žena u BiH starijih od 15 godina najmanje jednom u životu bila žrtva neke vrste nasilja, te da su žene izložene izrazito visokom riziku od nasilja: prvo u njihovom neposrednom intimnom okruženju i odnosu sa partnerom i porodicom, a onda i u široj zajednici. Još jedan dugotrajan i ozbiljan problem u BiH jeste ratno seksualno nasilje nad ženama koje je prije 20 godina pretrpilo desetine hiljada žena. Ovim ženama je još uvijek potrebna pomoć, pogotovo u traženju pravde i reparaciji za proživljene traume. U okviru posjete Specijalne predstavnice za seksualno nasilje i konflikt Generalnog sekretara UN-a u 2013. godini, potvrđeno je da je BiH napravila skandalozno malo napretka pri radu na ovim slučajevima, te da je potrebno da se razvije sveobuhvatni pristup za unaprjeđivanjem statusa i pozicije svih žena žrtava rata, uključujući borbu protiv stigme vezane za seksualno nasilje, te proširenje odredbi za kompenzaciju, podršku i mjere rehabilitacije, beneficije, kao i osiguranje jednakog pristupa takvim uslugama za sve žene žrtve bez obzira na njihovo mjesto stanovanja. Kada govorimo o trgovini ljudima u toku je pitanje efikasne procedure identifikacije žrtava, naročito Romkinja i interno raseljenih žena koje su sve više pogođene ovim problemom. Nije se poboljšala ni saradnja između državnih institucija i nevladinih organizacija koje su angažovane na sprječavanju trgovine ljudima. U ovom tematskom radu o ljudskim pravima pokušava se staviti naglasak na status prava žena u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom 2013. godine, kako bi se istakao dosadašnji napredak, te kako bi se naglasila marginalizacija i sistematska diskriminacija koju žene konstantno doživljavaju. Ovaj rad sadrži informacije zasnovane na analizi sadržaja najrelevantnijih i skorih dokumenata koje su objavile vladine institucije, nevladine i međunarodne organizacije, nedavne podatke lokalnih i državnih istraživanja o ženskim pitanjima, te zapažanja sa terena.

Разрешаване на конфликтни ситуации в училище от ученици медиатори

Author(s): Tatyana Dronzina,Biserka Mihaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

Aggression at school becomes frequent and seems hopeless. Obviously, we can not approach different conflict situations at school in the same way, only by applying disciplinary sanctions and expecting a different result. We need to use actual working instruments. Mediation is a powerful tool for resolving conflict situations at school. Since December 2004 a Law on Mediation is valid in our country. The Ministry of Justice is supporting a Unified Register of Mediators where organizations and individuals entitled to train mediators have been registered in accordance with ethical rules and standards. The article presents various real conflict situations from Bulgarian schools and the way in which they can be resolved by student- mediators.

Историческата памет в контекста на спасяването на евреите по време на Втората световна война. Уводни думи

Author(s): Mateusz Szpytma / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

Прилагане на медиацията като доказана добра педагогическа практика за справяне с агресията в българското училище. Опитът на област Сливен

Author(s): Biserka Mihaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article examines a pedagogical practice, proved to be successful for dealing with conflict behaviour of children and students at school: the school mediation. The main types of child’s and students’ conflict behaviour at school have been tracked. The article presents the stages through which the school mediation is going through, based on the example of school mediation that has been introduced in schools in the region of Sliven.

Семейство Улма от Маркова. Символ на поляците, екзекутирани за подпомагане на евреи по време на Втората световна война

Author(s): Mateusz Szpytma / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2017

The article presents one of the tragic stories that took place during the World War II in occupied Poland. It describes the fate of one rural family playing an important role in Markova and its surroundings by engaging it in various public initiatives. The article describes the situation in occupied Markova, the chronology of the crime against Jews and Poles, the efforts to punish the perpetrators, and the actions aimed at perpetuating the heroic life and death of the Ulma family.

Взаимодействие между повишаващата се динамика на деструктивността и превенцията на проблемните поведенчески прояви в училище

Author(s): Snezhana Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2017

The article focuses on the relevance and importance of the issue of violence prevention in the school environment, as well as on the key role of upbringing as a protective factor for the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior. Various forms of violence in contemporary Bulgarian society determine the aggression in interpersonal communication in school environment. The theoretical arguments in this paper are organized mainly on the idea that ignorance and underestimation of education as a protective factor exacerbate the adverse impact of numerous negative phenomena in our social reality, such as unemployment, poverty, distrust in institutions, violence in interpersonal communication, rising crime etc. Focusing on rethinking the specific ways of activating the upbringing resources in Bulgarian school is relevant to overcome the influence of destructive factors in our society. The research emphasizes the importance of professional competence of the teacher as educator, in order to implement adequate preventive initiatives related to prevention of destructive and violent behavior of adolescents.

The Competencies of Selected Students from the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, in the Area of the Child Sexual Abuse (Csa) Syndrome Prevention

Author(s): Jaroslava Hanušová,Jiří Prokop / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The study explores the readiness of future experts (selected last grade students of a master or follow-up master study programme at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague) for the prevention of sexual abuse of children. For data collection a quantitative questionnaire and the CAWI (Computer Aided Web Interviewing) technique were used. Research sample was selected using the method of stratified random sampling. The sample consisted in total of 300 respondents – last grade students of a master or follow-up master study programme in the academic year of 2007/2008 and 2013/2014 at the selected faculty of Charles University. For evaluation a point grading system was used to establish the order of the results. Based on the information a minimum knowledge standard was drafted, including a proposal on the functioning of the interdisciplinary cooperation.

Споделено мнение

Author(s): Yossif Nunev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2018

Alienation and Dislocation versus Homeliness and Norm in Patricia Highsmith’s Strangers on a Train and The Talented Mr Ripley

Author(s): Joanna Stolarek / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

The aim of this article is to scrutinise the problem of alienation and dislocation in the context of homeliness and norm in the United States after World War II in Patricia Highsmith’s (1921-1955) Strangers on a Train and The Talented Mr Ripley. The author examines normality and oddity with respect to the main characters’ home environment and their relations with other protagonists. The emphasis is placed on the analysis of Charles Anthony Bruno from Strangers on a Train (1950) and Tom Ripley from The Talented Mr. Ripley (1955), psychopaths and killers, depicted as unfulfilled artists, marginalized by their community, mostly due to their homosexual inclinations and extravagant behaviour. The author of the article is going to show how Highsmith’s protagonists, being homosexuals and strangers, are exposed to the suspicious examination of an orthodox society that hounds them. As a lesbian, the writer was imbued with a feeling of social non-conformity and her status as an American living in Europe also marginalized her, making her as much of an outsider in her chosen home as she had been in her country of birth (Fort Worth, Texas). The author of this article is going to prove how Patricia Highsmith’s living in deeply conservative American society affected her depiction of fictional homes and the creation of the characters who operate outside the norm and live on the fringe of society.

To Leap First Down into the Trench: Tristram Shandy’s Critique of the Wounds of War

Author(s): Tracy Anne Travis / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

While scholars have mined Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy to understand the form and development of the novel as a literary genre, a central narrative element that has garnered significant scholarly attention is Tristram’s troubled Uncle Toby ‒ a veteran of the Nine Years War who bears a mysterious wound in the groin and who is obsessed with understanding war through the construction and use of miniature battle re-enactments. By recognizing Uncle Toby as a central character of Tristram Shandy and by contextualizing the novel as war literature, this essay demonstrates that Uncle Toby’s struggles to express his ambiguous trauma suffered as a soldier become a critical commentary on the social structures and circumstances that lead to the experiences of wounded veterans. Situating Tristram Shandy in the context of war literature, this article reveals how Toby’s character plays on Enlightenment conceptions of honour and valour as motivators for soldiers. Furthermore, the article argues that applying the theory of Moral Injury (long present but largely unnamed in war literature), rather than the tempting diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), allows for a more holistic understanding of Toby’s critical commentary.

Invincible yet Vulnerable: Race, Disability and Trauma in South Africa after Oscar Pistorius

Author(s): Nontsasa Nako / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

When the global sporting icon, Paralympian and Olympian Oscar Pistorius was accused of killing his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp on the morning of Valentine’s Day in 2013, one of his many defences was, simply put, that his disability made him do it. An expert witness for the defence made the connection between disability and violence that suggested that disabled people are particularly prone to ‘over-react’ as it were because they feel especially vulnerable. This defence provides the link between the two extremes claimed by Pistorius’s public persona, that of invincibility and vulnerability – extreme physical ability epitomized by sterling sporting prowess and fear of victimisation because of his physical limitation. The formula proposed by this defence is that extreme vulnerability results in extreme aggression. Here I want to analyse what this claim suggests about prevailing social attitudes toward disability and disabled people, particularly in post-apartheid South Africa – or more accurately in post-TRC (Truth and Reconciliation Commission) South Africa. In this article I propose that the corrosive legacy of TRC created rich ground for white victimization and popularised the medical model of trauma.

Aнтропология на престъплението

Author(s): Jacinto Choza / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The present paper investigates the following topics: 1 – Sources of crime’s Anthropology; 2 – Killing to survive; 3 – Essence of the Crime; 4 – The criminal Mind; 5 – Absolution of the homicide and the abolition of the death penalty.

Специални разузнавателни средства и тежки престъпления

Author(s): Georgi Chobanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

Special intelligence means are legally regulated in the Special Intelligence Means Act. This law governs the conditions, the order of use and enforcement and the control over the use of the special intelligence means and the results obtained through them. The use of special intelligence means temporarily restricts the inviolability of the person and the dwelling and the secret of correspondence and other messages. Special intelligence means are the technical means and operational means of their application, which are used for the production of substantive evidence - cinemas, videos, sound recordings, photos and marked objects. Technical means are electronic and mechanical equipment as well as substances that serve to document the activity of controlled persons and objects. Operational methods are the monitoring, tapping, tracking, penetration, marking and checking of correspondence and computerized information, controlled delivery, trust and undercover investigations that are used in the use of technical means. Special intelligence means are used in cases where it is necessary to prevent and detect serious crimes under the Penal Procedure Code when the necessary data can not be collected in any other way. In the observation - visually and by technical means, different aspects of the activity and behavior of persons and objects are revealed and documented in their movement, residence in different places or in changes in the specific environment.Special intelligence means are legally regulated in the Special Intelligence Means Act. This law governs the conditions, the order of use and enforcement and the control over the use of the special intelligence means and the results obtained through them. The use of special intelligence means temporarily restricts the inviolability of the person and the dwelling and the secret of correspondence and other messages. Special intelligence means are the technical means and operational means of their application, which are used for the production of substantive evidence - cinemas, videos, sound recordings, photos and marked objects. Technical means are electronic and mechanical equipment as well as substances that serve to document the activity of controlled persons and objects.Operational methods are the monitoring, tapping, tracking, penetration, marking and checking of correspondence and computerized information, controlled delivery, trust and undercover investigations that are used in the use of technical means. Special intelligence means are used in cases where it is necessary to prevent and detect serious crimes under the Penal Procedure Code when the necessary data can not be collected in any other way.

Структура и функции на Интерпол

Author(s): Diana Vachkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

Interpol is the largest international police organization in which 186 countries are members. Established in 1923, it promotes cross-border police cooperation and supports and supports all organizations, authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat international crime. Interpol seeks to promote international police cooperation even when diplomatic relations are not available between certain countries. Actions are taken within the limits of the laws of the different countries and in the spirit of the Declaration of Human Rights. Interpol's Basic Law prohibits any interference or action of political, military, religious or racist nature.