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There are testaments from the 16th century preserved in Kremnica state archive. They are written in Latin, German and in one sample also in Slovak language. Last wills prepared a man for a death in spiritual and secular (division of property) way. Testaments eliminated conflict between secular property and desire for an eternal life. Formally testaments consist of several parts – invocation, intitulation, profession of faith, passages about human mortality, composing of the last will and redress of sins, heritages of property, confirmation, corroborating and date formulas. The content of the testaments is an important historical source for economic, law, culture, regional history and also history of material culture and everyday life.
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To important part of urban community and townspeople elite clearly belonged also lineage of masons, stonecutters and architects. Author of this study presents new genealogic and heraldic information about stone-architectural lineage of Rosspeidtner (Rosspeudner). This lineage belonged to prominent representatives of early baroque architecture in Hungarian capital city in 17th century and in the beginning of 18th century. Genus of Rosspedtner was of a protestant nature, which came to Hungary probably from the Lower Austria after the year 1625 and was present there for three generations till the year 1713. The founder of Hungarian part of this lineage was Wolfgang Rosspeidtner († 1659), who settled in Pressburg in its suburb (Vydrica). In year 1630 he was admitted as townsman and a member of brickwork-architectural guild. He became an active member, longtime guild leader and he gained lots of important contracts from the town, Pressburger’s townsmen and its nobility, most of all from the nobility of Palff y. For his architectural activity he has received the aristocratic status for him and his successors. As masons and architects were active also his sons and grandson Juraj Rosspeidtner († 1713), who has become a very important member of this genus. He also worked for the city, most of all for Palff y, from whom he has received several contracts for reconstruction of feudal residences in the city as well as in the countryside. Juraj Rosspeidtner died on the peak of his career due to plague. The last known member of Hungarian part of this genus, his daughter Johanna Zuzana has married to aristocratic family Geramb. Author of this study introduces also heraldic monuments, which reminds this lineage, burghers and aristocratic heraldry of Rosspeidtner.
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The paper deals with complex problems in addressing the adverse housing situation of the Roma population in Košice. After World War II, part of the city known as the gypsy camp under Moldavská way found itself in an extremely exposed position at the entrance to the city. Arrival the amount of working class from rural areas with extensive construction and urbanization ratios further deepen. Numerous Roma growth was evident. Housing problems are addressed through an allocation of older apartments, phasing out the huts in the camp and fi nally focusing on specifi c Roma settlement. The idea of a separate settlement originated in the mid-60s, in 1970, the planned housing units was not built. Another intention of anticipated settlement was in the area Myslava with lower standard family houses. Because of the high costs the concept of prefabricated houses gallery type was born. The government in 1976 refused to deal with Roma housing in specifi c neighbourhoods. Council city national committee nevertheless approved the construction of Luník IX without a specifi c focus. The construction was carried out in late 1970s, several policies were processed recall procedure Roma families from the camp as well as the old city, according to various streets. In 1981 began the history of Luník IX, its ethnic ghettoization with disastrous consequences to the present.
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Pojęcie dyplomacji publicznej pojawiło się w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych w latach sześćdziesiątych XX wieku. Dyplomacja publiczna zaczyna się jednak znacznie wcześniej, bo właściwie już w połowie XIX stulecia. Historia tego zjawiska pokazuje, jak zmieniały się sposoby prowadzenia polityki zagranicznej i w jaki sposób wykorzystywano w niej „miękkie” zasoby państw. Tytułowe zagadnienie prezentowanej książki poświęcone jest nie tylko rozwojowi dyplomacji publicznej, lecz także zagranicznej polityce historycznej jako jej elementowi składowemu w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, w tym także w Polsce. Autorami Historii w dyplomacji publicznej są pracownicy i współpracownicy Zakładu Komunikowania Międzynarodowego Instytutu Studiów Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. Zakład ten, którym kieruje prof. Beata Ociepka, już od niemal piętnastu lat prowadzi badania nad dyplomacją publiczną, stając się najbardziej wyspecjalizowanym ośrodkiem w tej dziedzinie w Polsce.
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Książkę otwiera omówienie społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw (SOP) w kontekście zmiany organizacyjnej, jaka nastąpiła w trzech koncernach działających na polskim rynku. Czytelnik znajdzie tu obraz SOP w formie dojrzałej, którą z powodzeniem nazwać można dobrą praktyką. Druga analiza osadza badane zjawisko w kontekście lokalnym, ukazuje kształtowanie się tej instytucji w relacji z interesariuszami zewnętrznymi organizacji. Wreszcie opisujemy SOP w zróżnicowanych krajowych kontekstach instytucjonalnych. Najobszerniejsza, czwarta część publikacji zawiera studia przypadków.Dzięki zastosowaniu perspektywy instytucjonalnej udało się kompleksowo przedstawić oblicza odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw w różnych sferach rzeczywistości społecznej i zwrócić uwagę na elitarność koncepcji SOP, a także przybliżyć zależność jej kształtu od sposobu funkcjonowania instytucji publicznych, relacje między odpowiedzialnymi i nieodpowiedzialnymi działaniami organizacji a instytucjami z jej otoczenia, takimi jak rynek czy regulacje prawne. Co również istotne, zastosowanie tej perspektywy umożliwiło ujęcie SOP w sposób procesualny, który uwidacznia najistotniejsze czynniki zmian.
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One of the typical and relatively stable features of the everyday life of the Bulgarianimmigrants in the historical and cultural region of Bessarabia are the patronal festivalsand customs held within the frameworks of the village, neighbourhood or familyand referred to as zbor/sabor (збор/събор), hram (храм), kurban (курбан), tsarkva(църква), panagir (панагирь), cherkuvane (черкуване), moleben (молебен) etc. Asfor the designation збор (a fair), it is clear that it precedes the Russian designationхрам (a patron saint’s day) which penetrates the region under study later on andwhich is widely used at present. What stirs up bigger interest is the fact that exceptfor village church festivals this term (as well as some of the other above-mentioned) was also used for intervillage festivals held at the landmark of the territories of two,three or more villages – the so-called fairs at the landmark also known as moleben orcherkuvane for rain and good health.As far as the patron saint’s day is a universal Christian phenomenon and stilla general practice in the villages of the region studied here, it could be assumedthat the gathering itself, the making of zbor (or moleben) at the landmark (at theborder between a group of villages), which is neglected today almost everywhere,is a form typical only of the immigrants (Bulgarians and Gagauzians) in Bessarabia.This practice attracts the attention with respect to its nature and development as partof the all-Bulgarian system of patronal village festivals as well as with relation tothe influences, changes and specifics through which it inevitably goes under theconditions of the many-tounged and polycultural environment of Bessarabia and theRussian Orthodox Christianity.The fieldwork materials collected so far do not allow a coprehensive and thickdescription of the phenomena intriguing us as well as a more elaborate analysis.That’s why the article only poses the problem or rather interpretes it in connectionwith some concepts of the kin and family-territorial patronal festivals and customswhich were formulated a long time ago in the Bulgarian science but which are stillrelevant.
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According to Wahrig Deustsches Woerterbuch the concept of the “road” refers to a place which you have to walk in order to obtain your wish, to change some life situation in a positive or negative way; there the desired result of the act is achieved. Therefore, in our traditional culture the road is the place where people most often perform all sorts of magical actions including “white” and “black” magic. The crossroad has the same meaning; in a sense, it outlines the model of the horizontal division of the world which finds expression in four main directions – east, west, north, south. The article shows some of the most common “white” magical actions which aim at positive results – mostly various healing practices against diseases such as “gorska mayka” and “vankashna bolest” as well as customs dedicated to the mythical master-guardian of the village such as “Kokosha cherkva” and customs against drought. The article also examines some “black” magical actions aiming at doing harm: “binding” of newlyweds, stealing the milk of somebody else’s cows.
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The article makes a brief historical review of the development of Roma publicationsin the countries in Eastern Europe by emphasizing the processes in each country andthe interrelations between their policies regarding the Roma culture and the Roma literary production. The aim of the article is to show that the development of Roma literature is related to the political, social and cultural context in the country or region of its creation. The comparative historical approach is the most appropriate for the purpose since the tendencies in the development of the Roma literature are related to the policies of identity (in general or directed to the Roma population) in different historical periods and regions.
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The article presents perspectives on the nature and possibilities of corrective measure “placement in a Correctional Boarding School” under the conditions of CBS.
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When setting up the premises for a dialogue between disability studies and critical trauma studies and embarking on editing this pilot issue on ‘encounters’ between the two disciplines, we necessarily welcomed interdisciplinary approaches, ranging across disability studies, trauma studies, literary and cultural studies, media studies, as well as many other disciplines in the humanities. The first step in introducing this issue to our readers will be to present the histories of both disability studies and trauma studies in order to see how they evolved and see why our proposal that they should meet half way or at least more often can be considered a valid one.
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An interdisciplinary study in the field of the social history of culture, devoted to the “images of Polishness” which functioned in the fine arts of the Second Polish Republic. The author attempts to reinterpret the works of, among others, Wojciech Kossak, Jacek Malczewski, Zofia Stryjeńska, Władysław Skoczylas, Stanisław Szukalski, and inscribes them into a wider theoretical framework.
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The paper demonstrates the way in which the Russian psychologist L.S.Vygotsky, who anticipates the paradigm of the curriculum, is perceived in the American cultural space. A representative of the sociocultural constructivism in education, L.S.Vygotsky is concerned with the problem of approaching the epistemic specificity of pedagogy as a specialized science in the study of education. The process through which pedagogy turns scientific can be confirmed according to three criteria: the research object, the normativity and the research methodology. The specific research object of L.S.Vygotsky’s psychological pedagogy is represented by the quality learning that pushes the development ahead, in the area of the proximal development, possible within a socio-cultural mediated training activity through the pedagogical scaffold created between educator and educated. The specific normativity asserted in the L.S.Vygotsky’s psychological pedagogy is based upon two complementary principles: the creation of the scaffold and the orientation of education at the area level of the proximal development. The research methodology refers to: the method of the qualitative structural analysis; the genetic method; the comparative method and the instrumental method. L.S.Vygotsky’s theory of socio-cultural constructivism has generated a revolution in pedagogy, exerting a strong influence in the US, in the field of the curriculum reconstruction, initiated by the psycho-pedagogue Jerome S. Bruner. The constructivist pedagogical model developed by L.S.Vygotsky who influenced the psychological theory of learning proposed by J.S.Bruner draws attention upon the need to capitalize on three ways of organizing the training – by action (with objects), iconic (by images), symbolic/verbal (by notions formed and developed). Despite the strongly ideologized era in which he created, the Russian educator managed to anticipate an important line of the postmodern (contemporary) pedagogy.
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„The third wave” of democratization had a real challenge: to disarm brutal dictatorships and enable the process of building the institutions of the liberal democracy. Political scientists scrutinized the process of democratization and created its transitional paradigm. Unfortunately, as the paradigm and the democratization process failed (the so called „fake democracies” emerged), the proponents of the liberal democracy faced a new challenge: to turn back the trends of democratic erosions and to build a more sustainable,post-liberal democracy in the future. The important question remains: what kind of a new paradigm would best encompass contemporary challenges? This essay aims at drawing such a new paradigm referring to likely transitional strategies that may end up in new kind of democratic settings (also in a form of „fake democracies”). To come up with new schemes failed transitions and new trends are discussed.
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The paper deals with the public sociologists of the former Julian Hochfeld’s circle in the time of the political system change in Poland. Among the sociologists of that school Jerzy J. Wiatr played the most important role as both a traditional and an integral public sociologist involved in the Left-wing party politics. The paper depicts his activities as a public intellectual who became an eminent political leader, as well as his work as a social and political analyst. The paper confronts his vision of the political system change, as presented in the writings of the 1989–1991 period, with the work of another eminent sociologist of that school, Zygmunt Bauman. The latter did not play any political role and was much less involved in commenting the political change that was happening at that time, being a lot more skeptical about its result.
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This article is dedicated to the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the Bulgarian Folklore Journal. The reflections on the Journal which are discussed here are made in the context of the political and sociocultural development of Bulgaria, as well as in the context of national and international traditions in the study of folklore. At the same time, these reflections address changes in scientific paradigms and theoretical approaches, the problems of the existing boundaries between disciplines, the re-definition of scientific scope and newly defined fields of research. The interdisciplinary nature of the Journal, the development of its scientific profile, and its transformation into a journal for scholarly research in the field of folklore studies, ethnology and anthropology in the 1990s are given special attention. Editorial politics and practices, as well as different aspects of its theoretical sensibility and applied aims are traced. The place of the Journal among Bulgarian humanities periodicals and its international visibility are also highlighted.
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The publication is the result of the implementation of the project "The Doyens of Polish Sociology of Work", the authors of which are members of the Sociology of Work Section of the Polish Sociological Association. The presented publication focuses only on selected areas of the project that relate to academic sociologists of work in the aspect of women's work. By assumption, the proposed publication has two main goals, firstly it is to contribute to filling the gap in looking at the history of the subdiscipline from a feminist perspective, and secondly, it is to be a reference to Mills's sociological imagination, especially in its critical dimension (also described by Giddens).
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