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This paper provides a review of old and new research examining contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity at the individual and organizational level. In particular, we examine the role of leadership and the use of different human resource practices for developing a work context that is supportive of creativity. In the end, we discuss practical implications for managers and highlight some directions and areas for future research.
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The human being must be seen as an integral organism and a social individual, as a person that perceives, thinks and acts and as a complex of social relations. Because it is a bio-psycho-social synthesis, the individual cannot be taken for its social position or relations, but it also cannot be reduced to a complex of processes, skills and internal physical states, process which would be called psycologization of the human being. It can be analyzed simultaneously, from a substantial point of view (what the human beings, what are his structural components) and from a situational point of view (he is being placed in certain situation and he acts according to it).
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research conducted among men dealing with the divorce crisis was to examine the correlation between the fathers’ hope for success, understood as their confidence in the willpower and competence to overcome difficult situations, and their sense of happiness. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main aim of the research was to address the question of whether there exists a correlation between the hope for success and the sense of happiness in fathers dealing with the divorce crisis and, if so, what is the nature of this connection. The study employed Hope for Success Questionnaire (the Polish adaptation of C. Snyder’s Hope Scale). The level of happiness was determined with the use of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The disquisition consists of five parts. First, the author introduces the problem and discusses the situation of contemporary fathers dealing with the divorce conflict. The second part outlines the assumptions of the research. Then, the article offers the theoretical framework regarding the hope for success and the sense of happiness. This part is followed by the analysis of the research material. The final part contains a conclusion. RESEARCH RESULTS: The results revealed significant interdependence between the general level of hope for success and willpower, and the sense of happiness of the fathers participating in the study. The analysis of the material concerning the differences in the level of hope for success and the sense of happiness that took into account socio-demographic profile of the respondents displayed statistically significant differences as far as the financial situation of the fathers is concerned. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It may be assumed that in the case of fathers interested in the improvement of their relationship with the child after the divorce, the hope for success and conviction about their effectiveness and persistence foster their mental well-being, encourage the adoption of a more optimistic approach, and help find self-acceptance.
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This article deals with the selection of speakers for a Matched-Guise Technique to be conducted in Sardinia, with the final aim of studying attitudes towards Sardinian and Italian. Speakers who could validly represent the two main varieties of Sardinian – Campidanese and Logudorese – and the variety of Italian typically spoken in Sardinia were sought after. Following mainly Newman et al. (2008) and Nejjari et al. (2019), twenty candidates produced a reading in Sardinian (either in Campidanese or in Logudorese) and in Italian: the nativeness of their Sardinian voices and the accentedness (or typicalness) of their Italian voices were evaluated by sixty non-linguists with bilingual competence in Sardinian and Italian. Seven candidates out of twenty were perceived as not native or typical enough to be accepted as “matched guisesˮ. This demonstrates that the selection of appropriate guises should not rely only on the judgment of researchers, but it should also rely on the perceptions of linguistically naïve evaluators, especially when speakers of minority languages in which literacy is normally not acquired are asked to read aloud a text. Nevertheless, the procedure carried out in this study allowed us to identify speakers with the required level of nativeness while speaking Sardinian (Logudorese or Campidanese) and with the required level of typicalness while speaking Italian. Moreover, it has been found that male candidates were perceived as having a more pronounced regional accent than female candidates when speaking Italian; and Logudorese candidates reached higher peak scores than Campidanese candidates, especially when they got judged on the nativeness of their Sardinian voices. Even regardless of the specific outcomes though, the procedure described in this article provides a helpful contribution for the selection of speakers in matched-guise experiments to be conducted in contexts where a national majority language and an unstandardised minority language are involved.
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to define the main assumptions of the approach to the problem of the contemporary condition of liberal democracy, focused on the endogenous and immanent sources of the crisis of liberal democracy. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problems is: a) what kinds of arguments support the conclusion that the need to pay attention to internal and immanent processes for liberal democracy, perceived as the source of the crisis? b) what processes and phenomena that take place within a liberal democracy should be treated as important sources of its crisis? For the purposes of the article, the method of source criticism analysis, the synthesis of scientific literature as well as the method of analysis and logical construction were used. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: First, the methodological assumptions of the research are presented. Then the category of the crisis of liberal democracy was defined. The next part of the text is an analysis of the areas of sources of contemporary crisis liberal democracy. RESEARCH RESULTS: The article identifies the main endogenous sources of the crisis of liberal democracy as indicated by contemporary researchers of the phenomenon operating in the analyzed paradigm. As part of the systematization of the sources of the democratic crisis, it turned out to be important to take into account both general processes relating to changes in the “scope conditions” of democracy and phenomena inherent in democracy. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Contemporary studies on liberal democracy and its crisis should take into account the perspective of endogenous sources. Taking into account the problems that constitute a natural element of democracy as the sources of the crisis will allow for more effective analysis of this phenomenon and for forecasting the future and development of both democracy and politics.
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The article analyzes the significance of the diagnoses of Advisory Teams of Court Experts (ATCE) against minors addicted to the Internet and computer games and showing signs of social maladjustment. The purpose of the article is to assess the importance of the ATCE diagnoses in cases of minors revealing such symptoms. The research was based on the method of individual cases; two opinions were selected for analysis from among the few available. The technique of document analysis was used on the ATCE opinions. The main problem was to identify the role of the ATCE in diagnosing and designing interventions for minors with signs of maladjustment and delinquency and overlapping addiction to the Internet and computer games. The analysis revealed the causes of abnormal behavior in minors and the mechanisms of disorders and made it possible to select adequate measures against them.
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The purpose of the research was to adapt the Exercise Dependence Scale – Revised (EDS-R) by H.A. Hausenblas and D. Symons Downs to the Polish context and to evaluate the exercise addiction rate among students. The research was conducted online with 290 interviewees aged 19–23 years. Factor analysis confirmed the 7-factor structure of the EDS-R test and its good internal consistency. All the subscales were characterized by adequate reliability. To evaluate scale’s accuracy, the correlation between the EDS-R scale and a question concerning the number of hours of exercise per week was measured. The number of hours spent exercising per week was favorably connected with all of the subscales of the EDS-R. Those results were confirmed by differential analysis. Based on the EDS-R test, the participants were classified as (1) at risk of exercise addiction (5.5%), (2) not addicted (symptomatic group) (72.8%) and (3) not addicted (asymptomatic) (21.7%). The material presented in the article may contribute to further research using the Polish adaptation of the EDS-R scale in different populations (e.g., due to different physical activities undertaken by the exercisers).
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Gaming is an activity enjoyed by adolescents, but it can be associated with the risk of developing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). The aim of the study was to determine what profiles can be distinguished among adolescents from two Polish voivodeships based on the presence of the nine IGD symptoms. The study included 623 students (57.9% boys) from elementary schools (years V–VII) and junior high schools (years II and III) who declared that they played video games. To measure IGD, The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9 – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) was used; the other variables in the study were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. A latent profile analysis of all IGD symptoms distinguished four profiles, defined as Problem-Free Players, Experiencing Withdrawal Symptoms and Escaping, Experiencing Negative Consequences and Escaping, and Preoccupied and Escaping. A symptom regarding escape from negative emotions was revealed in each group. Significant differences between the profiles were noted for parental control of gaming time and gender, but not for developmental stage. Time spent gaming primarily differentiated the profile of Problem-Free Players from the other groups. Further analysis of the prevalence of IGD symptoms among young players is necessary to better understand the phenomenon in this population.
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This study aims to determine the personal and social factors related to prosocial and aggressive behaviors among university students. 429 university students took part in the study. The levels of prosocial and aggressive behaviors were determined with Prosocial and Aggressive Behaviors Questionnaire. The Resilience Scale for Adults was used to assess levels of personal and social variables. The relationships among study variables were examined with t-test, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The female students were found to show more prosocial behaviors and less aggressive behaviors than male students. Regression analyses demonstrated that perception of self, social competence, relationships with family and friends were positive predictors of prosocial behaviors. Perception of self and future, family cohesion, quality of relationships with family and friends were found to negatively predict aggressive behaviors. The findings of the study were evaluated with regard to social and emotional characteristics of young adulthood. Suggestions for future research and educational activities for university students were discussed.
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The article approach the topic of emotional intelligence in adolescence; focusing especially on the modelator factors of the relation between emotional intelligence and personality. In our research were included 110 teenagers; aged between 14 and 17; from rural and urban environment. The obtained results highlight the fact that the impositions due to social density (fewer but stronger relation in the rural environment; more frequent but inconsistent relation in the urban environment) and the process of assuming gender roles are modelator factors of the formation process of personality profile as well as in the process of adolescents emotional maturity. It was also observed that age is a major factor implicated in the development of emotional intelligence and in the level of personality factors in the adolescent maturity process.
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The activity in legal field is varied; taking into account that this large sphere is related to the defense of fundamental rights and freedom of a person; duet to the responsibility provided; emanated by the workers from justice field; the responsibility to protect fundamental norms in force. Workers of legal; justice field; daily confront situations of infringements of civil; criminal and administrative laws; as well as the violation of procedural-criminal order. In the given study we are going to determine the psycho-emotional peculiarities of specialists from justice/legal field; namely to research the level of manifestation of anxiety; aggressiveness; rigidity and frustration. The sample of the given study is formed by jurists; attorneys; as well as prosecuting officers – the majority of subjects are men with different age and professional experience in the field.
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Television dramas are influenced by social transformations and popular culture. Cinema, too, has been nourished by psychology almost from its beginning. In addition, both the popularization and the massification of psychology, with examples such as Irvin Yalom in world literature and Gülseren Budayıcıoğlu in Türkiye, have increased the visibility of therapy in television dramas. On the one hand, the fact that the narratives that center or contain therapy in cinema and television can be seen as an opportunity for the healing of society due to the therapeutic potential, which has also increased the discussions on the point of representation. In this study, the discourses and representations in the dramas İstanbullu Gelin (The Bride from Istanbul), Doğduğun Ev Kaderindir (The House You Are Born is Your Destiny), Kırmızı Oda (The Red Room), Masumlar Apartmanı (The Innocent Apartment), and Çöp Adam (Rubbish Man), in which the therapy and the therapist take place in the television dramas both adapted from Gülseren Budayıcıoğlu's novels and supervised by her were discussed with descriptive analysis. With this representative therapy process, the characters are not handled as a part of the society but as a self and family integrity independent of all environmental influences. The individual is a separate part from the whole. Considering the interactions within the dramas, it has been seen that all narratives can be considered as a part of a fictional transmedia universe. All contents serve the same world and reproduce a similar discourse. Although there may be a dimension that encourages society to go to therapy in the dramas examined, the narratives do not produce a therapeutic treatment in general and provide catharsis with the narrative style and music used.
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The article traces the dynamics and development of creative methods and occupational therapy in social work as specific mechanisms for supporting vulnerable clients, forming their skills and attitudes. In recent years, there has been a significant expansion of the range of different forms and areas of use of therapeutic approaches in medical, preventive and rehabilitation practice. Dynamics are observed in the approaches to impact and support in the field of social work, education and access to employment for vulnerable persons and users of social services.
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This study was designed to examine individuals’ disaster preparedness beliefs in the context of demographic data, hopelessness, and fatalism tendencies. The study was planned in a descriptive and correlational design. A total of 563 participants aged 18 and above who agreed to participate in an online survey were included in the study. Data were collected using a socio-demographic information questionnaire, a general disaster preparedness belief scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Fatalism Tendency Scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA (Post hoc, Bonferroni, Tukey, and LSD tests), Pearson correlation analysis, simple linear regression, and hierarchical regression analysis were used to test the data. The mean age of the participants was 25.94 ± 10.19. Participants scored an average of 77.13 ± 22.74 on the disaster preparedness belief scale, 8.84 ± 3.79 on the hopelessness scale, and 66.23 ± 13.91 on the fatalism tendency scale. In the study, family structure was found to influence individuals’ disaster preparedness belief levels. Hopelessness levels were influenced by family structure, place of residence, living in an earthquake-prone area, perception of being prepared for disasters, and receiving education on disasters and their management. Fatalism tendency levels were influenced by gender, education level, marital status, and receiving education on disasters and their management. A weak positive relationship was found between disaster preparedness belief and hopelessness and fatalism tendencies. It was found that hopelessness and fatalism tendencies explained 14.5% of individuals’ disaster preparedness belief. In the study, individuals exhibited moderate disaster preparedness belief, low hopelessness, and moderate fatalism tendency. Factors influencing individuals’ disaster preparedness belief include hopelessness and fatalism tendencies. In light of the results, taking into account individual characteristics, despair, and fatalistic tendencies, it is crucial for the society as a whole and policymakers to undertake significant responsibilities in increasing individuals' belief in disaster preparedness.
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The primary assertion of the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) is that with increasing age, individuals become more selective in their social networks and consciously reduce their social network size. Although SST has received considerable support from studies conducted in mostly individualistic countries, such as the United States and Germany, there are very few studies in which it has been tested in collectivistic countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the SST argument in Turkey. There were 219 Turkish young adult participants, aged 18–28 (Mage = 20.07 years, SD = 1.76). Participants completed a Social Convoy Questionnaire, Future Time Perspective (FTP) scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Via the structural equation model, it was found that (a) open-ended FTP directly and positively related to positive affect, higher level of social satisfaction, and smaller social network sizes; and (b) social satisfaction mediated the relationship between FTP and young adults’ positive affect. The results confirm the SST’s arguments and highlight the importance of social satisfaction in helping shape young adults’ positive affect.
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In this research consisting of two studies, the threat perceptions and positive and negative attitudes of Turkish citizens who define their ethnic identity as Turkish towards Syrian and Kurdish minority groups living in Turkey were examined with a qualitative method. In Study 1, in which 360 university students between the ages of 18-50 (𝑀age= 22.53; SD = 4.19) participated, an open-ended question was asked to the participants as to what kind of a threat you think the Syrian minority group living in Turkey could pose to the country and the participants' responses were grouped under 7 categories and 27 themes. In Study 2, in which 406 university students aged between 18-47 (𝑀age= 22.50; SD = 3.39) participated, the participants were asked two open-ended questions about what they think about the Syrian minority group living in Turkey and the Kurdish minority group living in Turkey, and the answers were grouped under 10 categories and 39 themes. Compared to the Kurdish group, the Syrian group is seen as a more serious threat. In addition, positive attitudes towards the Kurdish group were expressed more frequently compared to the Syrian group. The categories and themes identified in this study, which comparatively examines the views of the two largest minority groups living in Turkey, will provide resources for researchers focusing on minority-majority relations in the country and will be useful for the authorized parties in the process of developing policies that will facilitate the integration of minority groups into society.
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The main purpose of this study is to determine whether psychological well-being has a mediating and moderating role in the relationship between supportive organizational climate and work engagement. The research was carried out with the employees of medium and large business operating in the food and beverage sector in the provinces of İzmir and Adana. 397 employees voluntarily participated in the research. In the research, the data were analyzed using SPSS, AMOS and Process Macro programs. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to determine the validity of the scales correlation analysis was also performed to determine the relationships between the variables. Structural equation modeling was applied in the research to determine regression analysis and mediating, benefited from AMOS program, process Macro is used for moderating effect. The findings showed that the perceived supportive organizational climate has an effect on psychological well-being and work engagement. In addition, it has been observed that there is a partial mediating of psychological well-being and moderating role between supportive organizational climate and work engagement.
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This paper investigates musical relationships in the case of the early mother-infant dyadic interactions. To accomplish this task, it is first needed to come back to some important authors from the tradition of both phenomenology and psychoanalysis. The theories of Husserl, Schutz and Taipale will prove themselves to be useful. Secondly, I shall deepen the investigation of the early mother-infant interactions through the prism of theories coming from Winnicott, Stern and Thomas Fuchs. My main task will be to demonstrate that these early interactions have a musical quality, similar to Colwyn Trevarthen’s thematization of communicative musicality. To prove my point, I have to first establish the features that make these early interactions be musical-like. Winnicott’s potential space and the example of babbling will follow my argumentation. I will also stress on the importance of the face-to-face interaction through affect attunement and mutual tuning-in. All these interactions are modes of being-with-another (Stern). An example will be found throughout this paper, namely a specific mode of being-with-another, which was called by Winnicott the primary maternal preoccupation.
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The article describes the results of the study on the relationship between the socio-psychological portrait of a new recruit and his or her successful adaptation to the military environment. The empirical study was organized to identify the peculiarities of the adaptation of conscripts to the army environment by identifying their personality characteristics. A sample of 302 recruits aged 18-24 years was selected for the study. In this study, we aimed to defi ne the objectives, hypotheses and tasks of the research, as well as to present statistical data and correlations of the variables analyzed, such as character emphasis, neuropsychic stability, self-esteem, motivation and stress resistance. Analysis of the data allows us to conclude that a set of relatively stable personal characteristics in military personnel plays a key role in their successful adaptation to a wide range of situations encountered in the military environment.
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Documentary filmmaking as a social work tool can lead to great benefits for its protagonists, by triggering them a relief similar to the one experienced in psychotherapy. Moreover, their social case is able to reach a wide audience, contributing to raising public awareness that can improve the situation presented both for the main characters and their community. But the fact that a film will always have an audience that will transform it into a public spectacle could bring with it in some cases a set of dangers for its protagonists.
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