"Kwestionariusz przekonań politycznych": własności psychometryczne

Author(s): Gabriela Czarnek,Piotr Dragon,Paulina Szwed,Bogdan Wojciszke / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 41/2017

The goal of this article is to present the psychometric properties of the Political Beliefs Questionnaire. It consists of four subdimensions: religious fundamentalism and xenophobia, which form the dimension of cultural beliefs; and acceptance of capitalism and anti-welfare, which form the dimension of economic beliefs. We present evidence for the validity of the questionnaire in identifying political beliefs on the rightleft dimension. Analyses were performed on a set of multiple samples (total N = 1673). Evidence for the theoretical validity was provided by confirmatory factor analysis, correlations with other – conceptually related – constructs, and a moderation of the strength and direction of the correlation between the cultural and economic beliefs dimensions by political sophistication. Concurrent validity of the questionnaire has been demonstrated based on the criterion of declared voting choices. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated based on a measure of homogeneity and absolute stability. The results indicate the good psychometric properties of "Political Beliefs Questionnaire".

"Skala typów przywiązania do miejsca" według typologii Davida M. Hummona (1992): ustrukturyzowana jakościowa metoda badania przywiązania do miejsca zamieszkania

Author(s): Alan Mandal,Marcin Moroń / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 41/2017

The article presents the description of the construction stages and results of the validity analysis of Type of Attachment Scale, based on the typology of place attachment by David M. Hummon (1992). The Scale consist of descriptions of two types of attachment: everyday and active attachment, and three types of lack of place attachment: alienation, place relativity, and placelessness. A subject is ask to indicate which out of the five that are presented the description best suits their own relation toward their place of living. An examination of psychometric properties and validity of the Scale was conducted in a series of 3 studies on 912 participants. In the study 1 were 586 participants in age between 18 and 72 years (50% female). The participants filled out the prepared Type of attachment scale, Place attachment scale (Williams, & Vaske, 2003), a sociodemographic survey, and series of questions about the affective attitude toward their place of living. In the study 2 were 274 participants in age from 16 to 72. The participants filled out the Type of attachment scale, Place attachment scale and identity scale (Lewicka, 2012), and Scales measuring agency and communion (Wojciszke, Szlendak, 2010). In the study 3, with 52 participants, the reliability of the Scale was examined by test-retest procedure. The obtained results showed that Types of attachment scale is a reliable and valid measure of person-place relations according to categorization by Hummon (1992). Types of place attachment, included in Type of attachment scale, demonstrate a distinguishable profiles of sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. Individuals who identified themselves with everyday and active attachment were significantly stronger attached to the place than the other types of lack of attachment, differing with each other according to the length of residence and a level of place inherited dimension. Non-attached types have a similar profiles, that indicates a low place attachment. The place relativity type can be described as the lowest attached, with the highest mobility, the shortest length of residence and the weakest bond according to earlier generation presence in the place of living. Alienation was connected with neutral of negative attitude toward the place, and was described by a positive correlation with the European identity. A placeless type was reflected by a weak place attachment and low local identity, but a positive correlation with agency.

(Nie)pamięć zbiorowa Polaków jako skuteczna regulacja emocji

Author(s): Michał Bilewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2016

Bilewicz applies notions borrowed from the psychology of emotions to understand collective (im)memory in Poland, with a particular focus on defensive reactions to new historical data on Poles’ negative behaviour. Based on James Gross’ concept of emotion regulation, Bilewicz elaborates a model of downregulating collective moral emotions (such as guilt and shame). He then applies this model to the debate on the Jedwabne pogrom. He also outlines systematic social psychological studies that support his proposed emotion downregulation model. The article concludes with a discussion of alternative ways of presenting negative history – ways that overcome those defensive emotion regulatory processes.

(Rec.) R. Cybulska, J. Dryjańska, K. Gotlin, M. Kłoda, K. Pomorska, A. Pyzykiewicz, Uczeń z zespołem Aspergera w szkole ogólnodostępnej, (red. prowadzący i merytoryczny) M. Kłoda, K. Pomorska, Warszawa: Ośrodek Rozwoju i Edukacji 2016, ss. 113

Author(s): Marta Filipowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

2017 EMERGENCE/DECLINE OF THE AD -TERRORISM PHENOMENON

Author(s): Nicoleta Annemarie MUNTEANU / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The activity of ad-terrorism, taking advantage of too easily influential media, is an active generator of negative feelings among the civilian population. 2017 was introduced on the list of time intervals for the most monstrous terrorist attacks, not because of countries such as Iraq, where 267 1446 dead, 1661 wounded and 12 abducted persons were executed, due to the over-mediation of attacks on the territory of European states such as the United Kingdom, which generated about 4% of the attacks by SI in 2017, but which represented the first media news media. Practically, the media is responsible for the gap created between helping, supporting and building security between the West and the Middle East through ignorance of massacres on the Asian continent and the outlook for the Muslim population in the area.

2nd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Issue: suppl.1/2015

Abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions. March 16–18, 2015; Budapest, Hungary

A Bidimensional Psycho-pedagogical Model for Tolerance Education

Author(s): Vladimir Gutu,Ioana Boghian / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

This paper presents a bidimensional psycho-pedagogical model of tolerance education that represents the conceptualization of a doctoral research. The model has been designed with the purpose of raising the level of teacher tolerance towards Roma children in class, as well as empower teachers to diminish the risk of discrimination among children in class and school. The two dimensions of the model are related to the lines of action proposed by the model: one line of intervention is concerned with teaching tolerance to students / prospective teachers and the other line focuses on providing teachers with tools to raise children’s level of tolerance in class and diminish the risk of discrimination among young students to a significant level.

A Brief Scale to Measure Marital/Relationship Satisfaction by Domains: Metrics, Correlates, Gender and Marriage/ Relationship Status Differences

Author(s): Renata GLAVAK TKALIĆ,Tihana Brkljačić,Lana Lučić,Ines Sučić,Ljiljana Kaliterna Lipovčan / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

The aim of the study was to analyse psychometric properties of the Marital /Relationship Satisfaction Scale (MRS) developed for the purpose of this research, and its association with other well-being indicators. Additionally, differences in well-being between participants who were married or in a relationship and single participants, and gender differences were tested. The sample consisted of 1087 adult internet users from Croatia. We assessed general well-being, satisfaction with specific life domains, marital/relationship satisfaction and demographic variables. MRS proved to be a reliable single factor instrument which correlated moderately with all well-being indices, but highest with satisfaction with love life and family relations. Men and women did not differ regarding MRS. Participants who were married or in a relationship showed higher levels of well-being.

A Faceted Eye on Intellectual Giftedness: Examining the Personality of Gifted Students Using FFM Domains and Facets

Author(s): Ana Altaras-Dimitrijević / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

The study examines the personality profile of gifted vs. average-ability students from the perspective of the FFM. The issue was approached by (1) reviewing the literature for well-established personality characteristics of the gifted, (2) establishing correspondences between these traits and FFM domains/facets, and (3) formulating a domain and a facet-level model which were hypothesized to discriminate significantly between gifted and nongifted students. The domain-level model consisted of Openness and Agreeableness. The facet-level model included 14 traits: Anxiety, Impulsiveness, Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Fantasy, Feelings, Aesthetics, Ideas, Compliance, Modesty, Tendermindedness, Order, Achievement, and Deliberation. The models were tested on three samples (N1 =515 high-school students, 155 gifted; N2 =132 psychology students, 28 gifted; N3 =443 psychology students, 91 gifted). Results indicate that the domain-level model does not discriminate significantly between gifted and nongifted students in each sample, whereas the proposed 14-facet model yields a significant discrimination across all samples. The latter model may be further adjusted by removing facets which proved inconsistent or unsubstantial in distinguishing between the two groups. This yields a 7-facet discriminant function, which is also significant across samples, indicating that gifted students are consistently distinguished by a combination of high Ideas, Fantasy, Aesthetics, and Assertiveness, but low Gregariuosness, Modesty, and Tendermindeness. Educational implications and limitations are discussed.

A generative framework for creative learning: A tool for planning creative-collaborative tasks in the classroom

Author(s): Sylvia Truman / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2011

In this paper a generative framework for creativity is presented which extends upon Wallas’s model of creativity (1926), social learning theories and creativity theories. The framework offered here presents a distillation of learning and creativity theory drawing upon salient roots of both creativity and learning theories in the 21st century. The generative framework can be instantiated for use as a learning support tool to assist with the design of classroom and / or other creative learning experiences. Creativity theories are discussed in relation to their appropriateness of the framework. An explanation of the framework is present-ed and an example instantiation provided. The development of the generative framework has been influenced by psychological accounts of creativity and socio-constructivist accounts of learning. The framework presented here has a number of implications for creativity theory as well as teaching and learning practice.

A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW FOR THE ANTECEDENTS OF COLLECTIVE GUILT: DOES TERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY EXPLAIN THE RARITY OF COLLECTIVE GUILT?

Author(s): Burcu Çuvaş / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Collective guilt is a relatively new concept studied in intergroup relations in social psychology. Collective guilt suggests a new way of studying positive intergroup relations; thus, investigation of the factors underlying collective guilt seems more essential. Starting from this point of view, the purpose of this study is to look at the antecedents of collective guilt by considering its historical development. Since collective guilt is an aversive emotion, people are prone to reject it. That is why it is a rare emotion. Therefore, another concern of this study is to use terror management theory in order to provide reasons for why this emotion can be rare.

A konfliktuskezelés kultúrájának alakulásáról

Author(s): Mihály Csákó / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

Mihály Csákó, in an investigation among university students, has defined the ‘conflict management’ as a learning process. Studying conflict situations he has invited thirteen-year olds to suggest solutions (the investigation has been based on French and Swiss re- searches). In his investigation Csako could differentiate two groups of teenagers. The majority group can be characterised by growing independence and with it, growing attitudes of aggression. The minority group of the teenagers, however, are still dependent on the adult community around them. In two time sequences (1998, 2002) the majority group became bigger while the minority group became smaller (in other word, the aggressive group became more dominant).

A kontaktusalapú előítélet-csökkentés lehetőségei és korlátai

Egy intervenció tapasztalatai

Author(s): Anna Kende,Nóra Anna Lantos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

Intergroup contact is the most effective method of prejudice reduction according to a vast number of studies conducted in various intergroup situations. However, it is not contact, but its optimal conditions which are difficult to attain in societies lacking a general acceptance of egalitarian social norms, facing strong segregation, large status differences, and endorsing strong prejudicial attitudes. Therefore, the optimal conditions for intergroup contact are rarely available when attempting to reduce prejudice against Roma people in Hungary. We present two studies in which we tested the influence of an intervention based on intergroup friendship – a highly positive example of intergroup contact – to reduce anti-Roma prejudice among university students. The research builds upon the so-called “fast friends” method which refers to a short closeness generating procedure based on mutual self-disclosure which creates an experience resembling real friendships. First year psychology students participated in our first study (N = 132) within an experimental, an extended contact, and a “control” group. We found some overall improvement in attitudes based on the comparison between the pre- and the post-test questionnaire results. In a second study (N = 61) we tested whether the findings of Study 1 were the direct result of the intervention, or its indirect influence through promoting non-prejudicial institutional norms. This time we worked with an experimental and a naïve control group, and found significant differences in attitude change between the groups along some attitudinal variables and in the perception of institutional norms. We discuss the scope and limits of anti-Roma prejudice reductions methods.

A Manager´s self-concept in the context of their leadership style within McGregor´s theory

Author(s): Lenka Ďuricová,Terézia Šugereková / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to examine a manager´s self-concept as a potential source of their leadership philosophy. The research study is focused on the verification of the relationship between particular aspects of a manager´s self-concept (especially self-esteem and self-efficacy) and of their employees´ leadership style in the context of theory X/Y. On the basis of previous research results (e.g., Wood and Bandura, 1989; Whitney, 1990; McCormick et al., 2002; Wang, 2010; Ahn et al., 2016) and theoretical outcomes, we presuppose the relationship between a manager´s attitude to themselves and their attitude to the employees. McGregor´s theory is still relevant more than 50 years after its publication because it has a solid foundation (Kristensen, 2015). Although empirical studies examining the theory X and Y managerial assumptions in a work environment were very scarce for a long time, in recent years there have been several research studies examining the effect of leader´s X/Y managerial assumptions on follower´s attitudes and behaviours (e.g. Gurbuz et al, 2014, Lawter et al, 2015). However, we are more interested in the individual leader´s self-concept in respect to the preferred leadership philosophy. Research hypotheses: We stated two hypotheses arising from the theoretical background of the analysed theory. RH1: We presuppose a positive relationship between a manager´s self-esteem and their managerial attitude Y. RH2: We presuppose a positive relationship between a manager´s perceived self-efficacy and their managerial attitude Y. Research sample: Our research sample consisted of 77 middle management level managers (89.6% males, 10.4% females), aged between 23 and 61 (mean age = 38.82, SD = 8.75). The research sample was collected intentionally. The research was realized anonymously by the means of a questionnaire set. Research method: A simple correlational research study was carried out. To estimate the normal distribution of the variables, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The test results suggest that the condition of normal data distribution is not fulfilled (p≤.004), which is why we used non-parametric tests. The relation between individual variables was estimated through a non-parametric Spearman correlation coefficient. The questionnaire set comprised of these research tools: 1. Rosenberg´s Self-esteem Scale (RSS, Halama, Bieščad, 2006) is used to assess the emotional aspects of selfconcept and self-esteem. It is a one-dimensional scale consisting of 10 items. The higher score indicates a higher global self-esteem of an individual, whereas the lower the score is a higher level of self-depreciation. Reliability (its inner consistency) of the research instrument stated by Cronbach alpha (α=.72) proves an acceptable value. 2. General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSEQ, Křivohlavý, Schwarzer, Jerusalem in Balaštíková, Blatný, 2003) assesses the level of experienced self-efficacy and eventually perceived self-efficacy. It comprises of 10 items in the form of statements. An overall high score indicates a higher level of self-efficacy. The inner consistency of the research instrument stated by Cronbach alpha was α=.81. 3. The theory X/Y – Attitude Questionnaire consists of 26 items. The questionnaire is the result of a backward translation from the English original Theory X/Y attitudes (Kopelman et al., 2010). Half of the items (13) assess the attitude X (e.g., most people will try to do as little work as possible), and the other half (13 items) assess the attitude Y (e.g. most people can be trusted.) Referring to research instrument adaptation, we used a standard procedure for its translation. The backward translation was done by two independent professionals with appropriate language skills. The individual item comprehension was evaluated during the pilot research. Reliability (the inner consistency) of this new adapted research instrument in the Slovak conditions stated by Cronbach alpha proves an acceptable value for both factors (α=.78; α=.71). Research results: The analysed self-concept (consisting of two aspects: self-esteem /AM= 34.14; SD=3.62/ and self-efficacy /AM= 33.81; SD=3.75/) and manager´s leadership styles (attitude X: AM= 35.43; SD=5.59; attitude Y: AM= 34.47; SD=4.85) were basic variables of this research study. To estimate the presupposed correlations between chosen aspects of a manager´s self-concept (respectively self-esteem and self-efficacy), and a managerial attitude, Spearman correlation coefficients (using McGregor´s theory) were calculated. By means of correlation analysis we found a positive, moderate, statistically-significant correlation between self-esteem and managerial attitude Y (.311, p≤.01). Referring to statistical correlation analysis we can conclude there is no correlation between perceived manager´s self-efficacy and their managerial attitude in the sense of theory X/Y. Also, a relationship between both self-concept aspects was confirmed (.472, p≤.01). Research limitations: 1: the research sample size and its choice, 2: male predominancy; 3: the use of selfreports (may have elicited socially desirable responses). All of them may limit the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications: In spite of the limitations mentioned above, from our research results we can make two possible recommendations regarding managerial practice: 1 – while hiring managers it is recommended considering also their level of self-esteem, and 2 – there should be a directly aimed development and facilitation of a manager´s positive self-esteem in their practice by means of various seminars, training or workshops. Improving a manager´s self-esteem could be one way of developing successful leadership. Theoretical/research implications: A manager´s self-efficacy as a conative aspect of their self-concept might be more related to the manager´s behaviour referring to their concrete manifestations of behaviours in the framework of McGregor´s leadership theory than to their attitudes, eventually to the perception of employees. This opens up a new perspective to further research findings. Originality/Value: The biggest contribution is supported by the existence of a positive, moderate, statisticallysignificant relationship between self-esteem and managerial attitude Y. The research study indicates that selfconcept is one of the variables moderating a manager´s style of leadership at work. Additionally, the study can support the empirical knowledge of manager´s personality research findings.

A média hatása a szociális viselkedésre és a társas kapcsolatok alakulására serdülőkorban

Author(s): Anikó Zsolnai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the present paper is to synthesize and analyze the results of studies on the impact of the media, mainly the Internet to social behavior in adolescence. The first part of the study interprets the learning process (social learning) in which social behavior is formed. The second part of the study analyses adolescents’ social behavior from the aspect of the Internet. The most important questions are whether there is any difference between social behavior online and offline, and whether the Internet has changes all facets of social life. As a consequence, the Internet may have had less impact on many aspects of social life and social behavior in adolescence than is supposed to.

A model of attitudinal outcomes of teachers’ psychological capital

Author(s): Mehmet Karakus,Alpay Ersozlu,Selcuk Demir,Muhammet Usak,Helen Wildy / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological capital and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, and the intent to leave. The sample of this study consists of 323 teachers in 25 schools that were selected randomly with clustered sampling method from the schools. The structural equation model that yields the best-fit indices, states that as teachers’ psychological capital levels increase, job satisfaction levels also increase. Psychological capital has a positive effect on teachers’ commitment and motivation through the full mediation effect of job satisfaction. Psychological capital has a negative effect on intent to leave through the full mediation effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. It is beneficial for school managers to invest in developing and strengthening the psychological capital of teachers if they want to increase job satisfaction, organizational commitment and motivation levels of teachers and to decrease their intent to leave school

A model of the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and the motivations to deliver word-of-mouth online

Author(s): Bogdan Anastasiei,Nicoleta Dospinescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The goal of this research is to establish the relationships between the Big Five personality traits – Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness – and the motivations to deliver electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in the social media. The research method was based on a survey administered to 262 subjects, mostly students and young professionals. The personality traits that are most related to eWOM are Extraversion (that influences the need for social appreciation and Positive self-enhancement) and Openness to experience (that determines the concern for others and the desire to help good companies). Conscientiousness has a negative relationship with the tendency to Vent negative feelings about a bad buy, while Neuroticism has a slight influence on the motivation to get Social benefits and Self-enhancement. Knowing the prevalent personality traits and motivations of the eWOM transmitters, the company communication strategist can figure out the most proper ways to approach them. This paper is one of the few that throughly investigates the relationship between personality traits and the intrinsic motivations to write online reviews about companies and brands. Key words: big five model, electronic word of mouth, word of mouth communication.

A Necessity of Educating Children in the light of Commercial Advertisement

Author(s): Grzegorz Ignatowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

One of important factors which affects the awareness and social attitudes of modern children is advertisement. Not only does it shape children’s consumerism, but also influences their way communication, ability to express their ideas in a written form, relationships with parents and teachers. Advertisements should be carefully monitored by teachers and parents, particularly because of stereotypes and manipulative techniques that they are full of. When stereotypes and manipulation become present in our everyday life, they start exerting a destructive influence on the child’s development, and as a consequence, on his whole future life. Using stereotypes slows down the process of thinking and inhibits human creativity. People improperly perceive the changing reality by having a tendency to simplify it. Misinformed people develop negative features of character, such as dishonesty in personal, professional and social life. As a consequence, people demonstrate less and less confidence, which is a fundamental value of every democratic society.

A Response to Tomáš Urbánek

Author(s): Petra Anýžová / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2017

A roughly mapped terra incognita: Image of the child in adult-oriented media contents

Author(s): Nada Korać,Jelena Vranješević / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2003

The study analyzes the image of the child in the media contents intended for adult audiences in Serbia, considering the importance of the role media play in shaping public opinion on children, as well as the influence of such public opinion on adults' attitudes, decisions and actions concerning children. The study focuses on visibility and portrayal of children in the media, in order to determine to what extent children are present in them, and in what way. Relevant data were collected for three media - press, radio and television - mostly covering the entire territory of Serbia, over two consecutive months (April – May 2001). Content analysis revealed that children are not only underrepresented, but also misrepresented, in Serbian media.