A Life in Purgatory: Being the Mother of a Bone Marrow Transplant Child

Author(s): Esra Engin,Mahire Olcay Çam,Hacer Demirkol / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Bone marrow transplantation is a therapy used for children who have certain diseases with high rates of morbidity and mortality as hematologic malignancies, immune deficiency and bone marrow failure. Bone marrow transplantation increase the chances of success in the treatment of this diseases and prolongs lifespan of children, it may also cause some systemic complications as well. During this rather difficult process, particularly for children, it is reported that among the family members, it is often the mother who is affected the most. Long-term attentive care creates a great burden for the mother. Moreover, concerns about whether transplantation will be successful or not, recurrence of the disease, loss of child, how life will continue after loss cause uncertainty, resulting in separation anxiety and existential anxiety for the mother. It is reported that mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety disorder and post traumatic stress disorder are common among those mothers whose children underwent bone marrow transplantations. In this process, which is traumatic for both the child and the mother, the role of the consultant liaison psychiatry (CLP) nurse together with the primary treatment team is important. Therefore, this review was written to explain the experiences, multidimensional problems of mothers whose children underwent bone marrow transplantation and to describe the role of the consultant liaison psychiatry nurse in this process.

A Manager´s self-concept in the context of their leadership style within McGregor´s theory

Author(s): Alena Ďuricová,Terézia Šugereková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to examine a manager´s self-concept as a potential source of their leadership philosophy. The research study is focused on the verification of the relationship between particular aspects of a manager´s self-concept (especially self-esteem and self-efficacy) and of their employees´ leadership style in the context of theory X/Y. On the basis of previous research results (e.g., Wood and Bandura, 1989; Whitney, 1990; McCormick et al., 2002; Wang, 2010; Ahn et al., 2016) and theoretical outcomes, we presuppose the relationship between a manager´s attitude to themselves and their attitude to the employees. McGregor´s theory is still relevant more than 50 years after its publication because it has a solid foundation (Kristensen, 2015). Although empirical studies examining the theory X and Y managerial assumptions in a work environment were very scarce for a long time, in recent years there have been several research studies examining the effect of leader´s X/Y managerial assumptions on follower´s attitudes and behaviours (e.g. Gurbuz et al, 2014, Lawter et al, 2015). However, we are more interested in the individual leader´s self-concept in respect to the preferred leadership philosophy. Research hypotheses: We stated two hypotheses arising from the theoretical background of the analysed theory. RH1: We presuppose a positive relationship between a manager´s self-esteem and their managerial attitude Y. RH2: We presuppose a positive relationship between a manager´s perceived self-efficacy and their managerial attitude Y. Research sample: Our research sample consisted of 77 middle management level managers (89.6% males, 10.4% females), aged between 23 and 61 (mean age = 38.82, SD = 8.75). The research sample was collected intentionally. The research was realized anonymously by the means of a questionnaire set. Research method: A simple correlational research study was carried out. To estimate the normal distribution of the variables, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The test results suggest that the condition of normal data distribution is not fulfilled (p≤.004), which is why we used non-parametric tests. The relation between individual variables was estimated through a non-parametric Spearman correlation coefficient. The questionnaire set comprised of these research tools: 1. Rosenberg´s Self-esteem Scale (RSS, Halama, Bieščad, 2006) is used to assess the emotional aspects of selfconcept and self-esteem. It is a one-dimensional scale consisting of 10 items. The higher score indicates a higher global self-esteem of an individual, whereas the lower the score is a higher level of self-depreciation. Reliability (its inner consistency) of the research instrument stated by Cronbach alpha (α=.72) proves an acceptable value. 2. General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSEQ, Křivohlavý, Schwarzer, Jerusalem in Balaštíková, Blatný, 2003) assesses the level of experienced self-efficacy and eventually perceived self-efficacy. It comprises of 10 items in the form of statements. An overall high score indicates a higher level of self-efficacy. The inner consistency of the research instrument stated by Cronbach alpha was α=.81. 3. The theory X/Y – Attitude Questionnaire consists of 26 items. The questionnaire is the result of a backward translation from the English original Theory X/Y attitudes (Kopelman et al., 2010). Half of the items (13) assess the attitude X (e.g., most people will try to do as little work as possible), and the other half (13 items) assess the attitude Y (e.g. most people can be trusted.) Referring to research instrument adaptation, we used a standard procedure for its translation. The backward translation was done by two independent professionals with appropriate language skills. The individual item comprehension was evaluated during the pilot research. Reliability (the inner consistency) of this new adapted research instrument in the Slovak conditions stated by Cronbach alpha proves an acceptable value for both factors (α=.78; α=.71). Research results: The analysed self-concept (consisting of two aspects: self-esteem /AM= 34.14; SD=3.62/ and self-efficacy /AM= 33.81; SD=3.75/) and manager´s leadership styles (attitude X: AM= 35.43; SD=5.59; attitude Y: AM= 34.47; SD=4.85) were basic variables of this research study. To estimate the presupposed correlations between chosen aspects of a manager´s self-concept (respectively self-esteem and self-efficacy), and a managerial attitude, Spearman correlation coefficients (using McGregor´s theory) were calculated. By means of correlation analysis we found a positive, moderate, statistically-significant correlation between self-esteem and managerial attitude Y (.311, p≤.01). Referring to statistical correlation analysis we can conclude there is no correlation between perceived manager´s self-efficacy and their managerial attitude in the sense of theory X/Y. Also, a relationship between both self-concept aspects was confirmed (.472, p≤.01). Research limitations: 1: the research sample size and its choice, 2: male predominancy; 3: the use of selfreports (may have elicited socially desirable responses). All of them may limit the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications: In spite of the limitations mentioned above, from our research results we can make two possible recommendations regarding managerial practice: 1 – while hiring managers it is recommended considering also their level of self-esteem, and 2 – there should be a directly aimed development and facilitation of a manager´s positive self-esteem in their practice by means of various seminars, training or workshops. Improving a manager´s self-esteem could be one way of developing successful leadership. Theoretical/research implications: A manager´s self-efficacy as a conative aspect of their self-concept might be more related to the manager´s behaviour referring to their concrete manifestations of behaviours in the framework of McGregor´s leadership theory than to their attitudes, eventually to the perception of employees. This opens up a new perspective to further research findings. Originality/Value: The biggest contribution is supported by the existence of a positive, moderate, statisticallysignificant relationship between self-esteem and managerial attitude Y. The research study indicates that selfconcept is one of the variables moderating a manager´s style of leadership at work. Additionally, the study can support the empirical knowledge of manager´s personality research findings.

A média hatása a szociális viselkedésre és a társas kapcsolatok alakulására serdülőkorban

Author(s): Anikó Zsolnai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the present paper is to synthesize and analyze the results of studies on the impact of the media, mainly the Internet to social behavior in adolescence. The first part of the study interprets the learning process (social learning) in which social behavior is formed. The second part of the study analyses adolescents’ social behavior from the aspect of the Internet. The most important questions are whether there is any difference between social behavior online and offline, and whether the Internet has changes all facets of social life. As a consequence, the Internet may have had less impact on many aspects of social life and social behavior in adolescence than is supposed to.

A model of attitudinal outcomes of teachers’ psychological capital

Author(s): Mehmet Karakus,Alpay Ersozlu,Selcuk Demir,Muhammet Usak,Helen Wildy / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological capital and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, and the intent to leave. The sample of this study consists of 323 teachers in 25 schools that were selected randomly with clustered sampling method from the schools. The structural equation model that yields the best-fit indices, states that as teachers’ psychological capital levels increase, job satisfaction levels also increase. Psychological capital has a positive effect on teachers’ commitment and motivation through the full mediation effect of job satisfaction. Psychological capital has a negative effect on intent to leave through the full mediation effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. It is beneficial for school managers to invest in developing and strengthening the psychological capital of teachers if they want to increase job satisfaction, organizational commitment and motivation levels of teachers and to decrease their intent to leave school

A model of the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and the motivations to deliver word-of-mouth online

Author(s): Bogdan Anastasiei,Nicoleta Dospinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The goal of this research is to establish the relationships between the Big Five personality traits – Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness – and the motivations to deliver electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in the social media. The research method was based on a survey administered to 262 subjects, mostly students and young professionals. The personality traits that are most related to eWOM are Extraversion (that influences the need for social appreciation and Positive self-enhancement) and Openness to experience (that determines the concern for others and the desire to help good companies). Conscientiousness has a negative relationship with the tendency to Vent negative feelings about a bad buy, while Neuroticism has a slight influence on the motivation to get Social benefits and Self-enhancement. Knowing the prevalent personality traits and motivations of the eWOM transmitters, the company communication strategist can figure out the most proper ways to approach them. This paper is one of the few that throughly investigates the relationship between personality traits and the intrinsic motivations to write online reviews about companies and brands. Key words: big five model, electronic word of mouth, word of mouth communication.

A Moderated Mediation Effect of Online Time Spent on Internet Content Awareness, Perceived Online Hate Speech and Helping Attitudes Disposal of Bystanders

Author(s): Dana Rad,Edgar Demeter / Language(s): English Issue: 2supl1/2020

Digital counter narratives have proved to be a consistent support to victims of online speech as they are defined as online narrative activities and actions, mostly verbal that have as effect the lowering of the negative psychological distress caused by hate speech (HS) over their victims. Internet content awareness (ICA) has an indirect significant effect on the relationship between perceived online HS and helping attitudes disposal towards the victim of HS, moderated by the online time spent by youth. Does internet content awareness (ICA) influence the helping attitudes disposal of bystanders in an online hate speech situation? Is the indirect effect of ICA mediation significant in triggering the helping attitudes towards the victims? Does the online time spent by youth moderates this relationship? These are the questions proposed by this research funded by Erasmus+ project Hate’s Journey. Our research team has designed an online questionnaire addressing 206 youth from Latvia, Turkey, Spain and Romania. We have used a moderated mediation model (Model 7 from Process Hayes). The key finding of this research is that in an online hate speech situation, the more aware a person is regarding the online content, the more helping attitudes will show towards the victim of HS, under the conditioning of less and medium time spent online. Conclusions and discussions will focus on the argumentation of results with regards to emergent behaviour paradigm.

A Necessity of Educating Children in the light of Commercial Advertisement

Author(s): Grzegorz Ignatowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

One of important factors which affects the awareness and social attitudes of modern children is advertisement. Not only does it shape children’s consumerism, but also influences their way communication, ability to express their ideas in a written form, relationships with parents and teachers. Advertisements should be carefully monitored by teachers and parents, particularly because of stereotypes and manipulative techniques that they are full of. When stereotypes and manipulation become present in our everyday life, they start exerting a destructive influence on the child’s development, and as a consequence, on his whole future life. Using stereotypes slows down the process of thinking and inhibits human creativity. People improperly perceive the changing reality by having a tendency to simplify it. Misinformed people develop negative features of character, such as dishonesty in personal, professional and social life. As a consequence, people demonstrate less and less confidence, which is a fundamental value of every democratic society.

A Psychosocial Evaluation of the Coronavirus Pandemic

Author(s): Hilal Kaya,Elvan Kiremitçi Canıöz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

In this study, the coronavirus pandemic process, which caused a global crisis, was evaluated in the framework of some psychological theories. This pandemic, in which the whole world goes through and is affected at the same time, has many consequences both on social and individual levels. The current age of technology seems to have opened new doors to humanity during the pandemic. Despite curfews and physical distance rules in many countries, people can continue their business, shop and socialize through virtual platforms. In this process, people are looking for new ways to adapt to existing conditions and try to cope with negative emotions such as fear, anxiety and stress created by the pandemic. Along with the Coronavirus pandemic causing a global crisis, it has been thought that there are similar tendencies in the behavior and attitudes of individuals and all humanity to cope with the process. Pandemic process is handled from the perspective of social trauma and in this study, explanations are given in terms of helping behavior, coping and well-being within the framework of terror management theory.

A Response to Tomáš Urbánek

Author(s): Petra Anýžová / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2017

A roughly mapped terra incognita: Image of the child in adult-oriented media contents

Author(s): Nada Korać,Jelena Vranješević / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2003

The study analyzes the image of the child in the media contents intended for adult audiences in Serbia, considering the importance of the role media play in shaping public opinion on children, as well as the influence of such public opinion on adults' attitudes, decisions and actions concerning children. The study focuses on visibility and portrayal of children in the media, in order to determine to what extent children are present in them, and in what way. Relevant data were collected for three media - press, radio and television - mostly covering the entire territory of Serbia, over two consecutive months (April – May 2001). Content analysis revealed that children are not only underrepresented, but also misrepresented, in Serbian media.

A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PIRI-MURIDI

Author(s): Sana Younas,Anila Kamal,Fazaila Sabih,Asia Mushtaq / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Piri-Muridi is a socio-psychological phenomenon that is deeply rooted in our region. The current study is an endeavor to explore the various reasons that compel people to visit Pirs (holy men) with special socio-psychological perspective within Pakistani society. To accomplish this objective, 431 participants were recruited from various areas of the country. Individuals belonged to different educational backgrounds and had diverse professional statuses. The participation of men was (n = 218) and that of women was (n = 195). Age of participants ranged from 18 to 73 years (M = 30.38, SD = 10.74). It was found by the study that participants visit Pirs for learning and acquiring guidance (33.41%), also for the clarification of everyday life problems (29.78%). In the category of learning and guidance, 42.13% participants stated that it is the attainment of religious education that people acquire from Pirs. 38.74% reported that people visit Pirs for getting spiritual education. While 14.77% participants reported that it is the need to gain worldly education and less than 2% people reported that it is not the attainment of education or guidance that people seek from Pirs, rather it is black magic that people learn to harm others. Among the category of clarification of problems, the highest frequency was reported for curing of spiritual problems (54.47%) followed by social problems (33.65%), economic problems (32.44%), psychological problems (29.78%) and health related problems (28.08%) respectively. Interview reporting by Murids (n =5), strong believers (n =5), situational believers (n = 5), and non-believers of Piri-Muridi (n =5) were also given. The present study is useful for making the theoretical foundations for future studies. Moreover, future researchers should utilize both qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the widespread roots of Piri-Muridi.

A szexuális zaklatásról

Author(s): Annamária Sólyom / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 11/2017

A THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS: THE COLLECTION AND FORMALIZATION OF INFORMATION RELATING TO THE NEEDS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Author(s): Mabrouka El Hachani,Omar Larouk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This article addresses the issue of technical documents and the impact their structuring has on professionals working in the field of disability. A model was developed to accompany users with disabilities when entering information; it was based on the linguistic analysis of an assortment of technical documents (institutional forms). We studied the problems related to technical documents by using a methodological approach which was based on a combination of complementary studies. The first was a terminological study, which aimed to look for relevant themes. It was complemented by a second one, which analyzed the discourse that was transmitted by the texts and which was centered on exploring the logical links between propositions and paragraphs. We completed these two studies with a final one, the logico-cognitive analysis. This which allowed us to look for contextual clues, which were produced by the texts in the documentary environment. It was therefore possible to formalize information and communication operations thanks to the reference discourse’s targeted environment in view of designing an automated information system.

A veszélyes iskola

Author(s): Géza Sáska / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2008

Géza Sáska (Introduction) says that school aggression can easily be explained by the process of educational expansion. In the expansion/massification process new student groups are accessing the educational organisations with their new (and as yet unacceptable) cultures of ‘school conflict management’. Challenged by these new attitudes in the classroom and the school—teachers with their traditional classroom management feel themselves incapable. Educational policy makers are incapable either. Bounded by political and partisan ideologies they can preach only ‘zero tolerance’ and/or ‘co-education’.

A VILÁGJÁRVÁNY POZITÍV MELLÉKHATÁSAI

Author(s): Orsolya Gergely / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

In March 2020, educational institutions in Romania were also practically closed overnight, and a large number of people had to go on forced leave or start to work from home. Empirical experience shows that during this period people faced several difficulties: in addition to the fear of the virus, the closure, the curfew, the home office and home schooling. In addition, mothers with small children were most burdened by this period. Despite the many challenges, have people been able to identify and gain positive experiences during this challenging period? We focus on the so-called beneficial side effects of a pandemic from the women’s perspective. Using the method of content analysis – we analysed 1,756 Facebook comments written between 5 and 13 April 2020 –, we present how women from Szeklerland experienced this period and what those positive things were that made them happy.

A War of Shames

Author(s): Przemysław Czapliński / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This article presents the changing role of shame in Polish literature from the late 1980s until today. Its development is marked by three phases: 1) in the first decade literature exposes violence towards minorities – the founding shame of a pluralistic society; 2) in the following decade literature and drama deconstruct the role of shame as neoliberalism takes hold; 3) in the third decade literature shows collective subjects shaped through independent definitions of shame and pride.

A Win for the Middle Class? A Qualitative Study Mapping “Benefits” from the National Quarantine

Author(s): Jowita Radzińska,Paula Pustułka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the life situation in groups of different social status is affected to a dissimilar degree by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on data collected through online individual in-depth interviews conducted in March 2020 as the first wave of a broader qualitative longitudinal research project, we present certain unobvious benefits of the spring quarantine noticed by members of the Polish middle class. These gains were mapped across four spheres: more time and regeneration; attention to relationships; professional and skills development; and space for reflection with a global perspective. It has been demonstrated that, despite a sense of destabilisation and uncertainty brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the middle class is making use of various kinds of capital for leverage, striving to manage the change and not passively succumb to it. Perception of the situation as serious, paired with concern for the health of loved ones, is not upsetting their general sense of comfort and appreciation of their personal, family, occupational and financial situation. Worries related to experiencing risk are balanced out by the requirement to self-regulate and be proactive.

Abnormal illness behavior and Internet addiction severity: The role of disease conviction, irritability, and alexithymia

Author(s): Giuseppe SCIMECA,Antonio Bruno,Manuela Crucitti,Claudia Conti,Diego Quattrone,Gianluca Pandolfo,Rocco Antonio Zoccali,Maria Rosaria Anna MUSCATELLO / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

While the association between health anxiety and maladaptive Internet use is a well-established finding, no studies have been performed to examine the possible effect of abnormal illness behavior (AIB). AIB is a maladaptive manner of experiencing, evaluating, or acting in response to health and illness that is disproportionate to evident pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between AIB and Internet addiction (IA) severity in a sample of Italian University students. The possible effect of alexithymia, anxiety, and depression was also taken into account. Methods: Participants were 115 men and 163 women (mean age = 23.62 ± 4.38 years); AIB was measured via the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), and IA severity by the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results: The most powerful IBQ factor predicting IA severity scores was disease conviction. Irritability was the only emotional IBQ factor associated with IA severity. Nevertheless, disease conviction and alexithymia remained the only significant predictors of IAT scores when hierarchical regression analysis was executed. Discussion and conclusions: Our results support previous findings showing that those characterized by health anxiety are more prone to an excessive and maladaptive use of Internet. Moreover, this study showed that irritability was the only emotional aspect of AIB predicting IA severity. This finding is consistent with the cognitive model of hypochondria, which states that cognitive factors (dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions) play a major role in the explanation of this psychopathological condition.

ABOUT STEREOTYPES – FROM TYPOGRAPHICAL MOULDS TO MATRIXES OF THOUGHT

Author(s): Andrei Vlădescu / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2020

From 1798 until now, the society has passed from the term of "stereotype", which at that time called the typographic moulds of lead, to that of "stereotype" in the sense given by Walter Lipmann, that is of the images in our mind, which helps us build an interpretation of the world, necessary to understand it, to adapt and find a place and a role within it. Although stereotypes seem to play a positive role, helping us to think and react more quickly to a new situation, they are a kind of false friends, leading us to a subjective form of normality, and what lies outside this normality it becomes the fuel for stigmatizing those who are not "common". Stereotypes contribute to increasing social distance and push people to act to the detriment of other people, such as ethnic stereotypes, those antipathy based on inflexible generalizations, resulting in the emergence of vulnerable communities in the face of aggressive discourses. The importance of stereotypes as precursors of prejudices and foundations of discrimination is equally great, regardless of whether we talk about the abundance of negative references to Jews in Romanian proverbs and sayings, the negative attributes related to the Roma ethnicity in various Romanian dictionaries, the journalistic discourse related to the "exoticism" of the LGBT community or the unfavourable views of the Hungarian minority by the Romanian majority. Therefore, conceptions such as "eating at the Jew but not sleeping at night alone in his house" or "they will call the gypsies to take you if you are not behaving yourself" are equivalent to ideas about genetic determination or mental disorder that induce homosexuality, as well as eating meat kept under the saddle by the predecessors of the present times Hungarians and all these ideas are efficient fertilizers for conflicts, waiting only for a trigger.

Abuse and violence against foreign domestic workers. A case from Hong Kong

Author(s): Akm Ahsan Ullah / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

This paper explores various abuses Foreign Domestic Helpers (FDHs) or migrant domestic workers (MDW) in Hong Kong suffer and the strategies they take up to cope with this abuse. Data were collected from 215 domestic helpers (135 from the Philippines, 30 from Thailand, 41 from Indonesia, and 9 from Sri Lanka) all of whom had been in residence for at least six months. Selected by snow-balling technique, respondents were interviewed with structured and non-structured questionnaires. Research shows that sexual abuse is the most common form of abuse against MDWs followed by psychological and physical abuses. Female employers are the main perpetuators of psychological abuse while the male employers are culpable for sexual abuses. Coping strategies varied widely among the MDWs. Many of them endure the violence to keep the job; some quit the job and others struggle with the decision to stay or quit.