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Tendencie v spisovnej slovenčine v medzivojnovom období

Author(s): Pavol Žigo / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The inter-war period is a distinctive chapter in the history of standard Slovak language. The author deals with two sharply divergent tendencies in the development of standard Slovak language: The first one followed the footsteps of the so called Martin custom and Czambel’s codifying work Rukoväť spisovnej reči slovenskej [The Handgrip of Standard Slovak Language] (1902, 1915, 1919). The second tendency was connected with the official state policy of one common Czechoslovak nation which used one Czechoslovak language. This language had two variants: Czech, used on the territory with the Czech speaking population and Slovak, used on the territory with the Slovak speaking population. According to this second tendency, the first rules of the Slovak orthography were published in 1931. They were rejected by the Slovak cultural society for their Bohemian tendencies. H. Bartek came with a new proposal of the rules for Slovak orthography in 1939, but it was rejected by a Comenius University commission (J. Stanislav, A. Mráz, Ľ. Novák and D. Rapant). The members of the commission authorized A. A. Banák to prepare new set of rules. Their publishing in 1940 proved to be disfunctional. The codification of orthography in 1953 proved functionality of Bartek’s proposal from 1939. The praxis showed his proposal was right and even today it is still the cornerstone of standard Slovak language.

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„Hra na knížky“.

Author(s): Pavel Kubaník / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Gav je jednou z větších východoslovenských osad s více než tisícovkou obyvatel. Oproti obci, ke které administrativně náleží (budu jí zde říkat Valal) se liší v mnoha ohledech. Jedním z nich je odlišná jazyková vybavenost obyvatel. Zatímco obyvatelé Valalu užívají v kontaktu mezi sebou i s místními Romy místní varietu slovenštiny, Romové z Gavu jsou od jistého věku bilingvní – v kontaktu s Romy používají zpravidla romštinu, s gádži pak komunikují jednou z variet slovenštiny.

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Czeskie feminatywy zawodowe i ich polskie ekwiwalenty przekładowe

Author(s): Katarzyna Dembska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article concerns the issue of translation of Czech occupational feminitives into Polish. In the Czech language, the formation of feminine forms from masculine forms is common and systemic, whereas in the Polish language, certain forms are perceived as controversial by its native speakers. This may pose problems for translators from Czech into Polish. The article presents the results of the experiment aimed at an analysis of the translations of the three selected Czech occupational feminitives: ministryně, prezidentka, and řidička. These are the feminitives whose Polish translation equivalents: ministra (female minister), prezydentka (meaning the female head of state), and kierowczyni (female driver) are encountered mainly in the profeminist media and which were officially registered for the first time in „Słownik nazw żeńskich polszczyzny” (A Dictionary of Female Nouns in Polish) published in Wrocław in 2015. The linguistic corpus INTERCORP was used for the purpose of this experiment and excerption of research material.

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Новые исследования по теме «Несклоняемое определение в русском и чешском языках»

Author(s): Jindřich Kesner / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

A noun in a Russian and Czech sentence can be an adjectival attribute, nominal attribute or genitive attribute, apart from predication. Moreover, both languages have constructions with invariable attributes in preposition, which have remained in active use for the last twenty-thirty years. This article demonstrates the various syntactic structure of the invariable attribute in preposition along with its relations with the three other types of attributes on the basis of the methodology of the structural semantics school proposed by V.V. Babajceva.

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English and Polish post-verbal complementation: A study in cognitive contrastive semantics

Author(s): Agnieszka Kaleta / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present study presents a contrastive analysis of English and Polish clausal complementation as it occurs in post-verbal position. It draws on functional and cognitive linguistic approaches to complementation, according to which the distribution of complement patterns is not random or arbitrary but semantically motivated. Using Givón’s theory of semantic binding and cognitive linguistic theories of complementation as tertium comparationis, the study investigates the cross-linguistic validity of these theories, demonstrating that while the binding theory is a cross linguistic phenomenon (with some coding differences), the construals encoded by schematic meanings of complement constructions tend to show some language-specific properties.

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Loanword adaptation patterns: The case of English loans in Polish and Czech

Author(s): Mirosław Bańko,Diana Svobodová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper addresses the question of whether there exists some typical order by which the adaptation of loanwords’ pronunciation, morphology, and spelling proceeds in Polish and Czech. The approach used can be classified as empirical and quantitative. A sample of loanwords is divided into groups corresponding to different adaptation patterns. The numbers of loans assigned to particular patterns are analyzed subsequently in order to reveal a typical adaptation order these patterns might be a result of.

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Women pilots, pilot girls, aviatrices, and their equivalents in the Polish language: On gender marking in English and Polish

Author(s): Bożena Cetnarowska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the phenomenon of gender marking in names of professions, as exemplified by terms referring to female pilots in English and Polish. Special emphasis is laid on English N+N compounds, such as women pilots, pilot girls, and Polish N+N juxtapositions, such as kobieta pilot (lit. woman pilot). The issue of headedness of such compounds (and compound-like expressions) is discussed briefly.

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Migracje a dzieje języków i językowa mapa świata

Author(s): Bogdan Walczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

There are two factors that play the most crucial role in the evolution of language: time and space. The article focuses on the latter factor and its influence on the process of language differentiation, which accompanies various kinds of journeys and migrations. The author recalls the example of the dissolution of the Pre‑Slavic language community, brought about by the Slavic migration to the west, east and south. The Slavic migrations contributed, thus, to the emergence of various Slavic languages and dialects (ethnolects). Basing his research on the available literature on the subject, the author also reconstructs the language map of the world from before the time of great geographical discoveries (which resulted in modern colonial expansions) as well as provides a contemporary language map of the world.

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Wędrówki słów. Kilka zdań na temat pracy Émile’a Benveniste’a „Le vocabulaire des institutions indo‑européennes”

Author(s): Ewa Sławkowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents a two‑volume (published in Paris in 1969) monograph of a distinguished French Indo‑European linguist, which constitutes a seminal work for comparative studies, ethnology as well as anthropology and philosophy of culture. The author attempts to reach the linguistic roots of the most important concepts from the social sphere (law, power, economy, religion, society, family) which came to form the foundation of the Indo‑European order of life and shaped the European world of thought, values and convictions. To this end, on the basis of etymological and comparative studies, the author reconstruct the roots of selected lexemes in over ten Indo‑European languages (historical and contemporary), pointing to the existing parallels. In order to convince the readers about the value of Benveniste’s work and demonstrate his work method at the same time, the author compiles tables which show the history of several crucial for the European culture concepts, whose linguistic roots reach the times of the Indo‑European community. Some of these concepts are freedom, community and trade.

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O mapie jako elemencie językowej i geopoetyckiej konstrukcji dyskursu eseistycznego (na podstawie lektury „Mapy” Andrzeja Niewiadomskiego)

Author(s): Małgorzata Karwatowska,Adam Siwiec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Niewiadomski’s work constitutes an original and open to different interpretations lecture on the topic of the map as a text of the world, a model of experience and a form of cognition, into which a cartographic narrative has been inscribed, delineating the geopoetic shape of the discourse possible to reconstruct from the text. It is an essentially essayist discourse, one which eschews formal boundaries and limitations regarding the approach to the subject, using the autobiographical and fictional conventions, linking academic knowledge and erudition with literary work, philosophy with rhetoric, or, in other categories: direct and indirect representation, linking them through image and metaphor. The conceptually original approach to the topic is predicated on the concept of the essayist work as delineated in the discussed work (Musil’s writing) as well as a certain reflexivity characteristic of the essay, maintaining the connection with the model of authorial relationship with the world and revealing the author’s “I” (self‑presentation), intertextuality and the quotation technique, which are based on the modal framework of the utilized essayist discourse: interactive stance and dialogism (a dialogue between the author and himself as well as his writing project, realized in the act of writing, as well as a dialogic stance towards the intended reader). Other characteristics possible to find in the text are the stacking of meanings, departure from monosemy, and, in the sphere of composition: non‑linear narrative. All of those elements come together in a particular way to form the lecture on the subject of the ontology of the map, while also influencing the reading of Niewiadomski’s essay, which is a difficult text to read and comprehens, requiring particular literary and cultural competences from the reader.

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Wędrówki (w) pamięci zbiorowej (na przykładzie motywu Kopciuszka)

Author(s): Marta Wójcicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author discusses the subject of collective memory understood metaphorically as a journey (stages, equipment, wanderers) as well as mechanisms of memory based on nomadic motifs. Those nomadic motifs, which consist of the schematic and individualizing elements, are connected to particular types of collective memory: communicative and cultural; functional and accumulative. The role of those nomadic motifs in collective memory has been showcased on the basis of contemporary variations of the story of Cinderella.

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Interdyskursywność (jako wędrówka nazw, idei i pojęć) w polskiej powieści uniwersyteckiej

Author(s): Magdalena Graf / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the concept of intertextuality interpreted as a textual realization of the motif of journey. The author, on the basis of selected examples representing the Polish campus novel (academic novel), showcases how the concept of migration might hinge directly on the plot of the novel, but also can be presented with the use of various plotlines, topics, characters or proper names, contributing at the same time to the discussion on the condition of contemporary academia (Humanities in particular).

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Wokół nazw osób, które z domu na wędrówkę wyruszyły – kilka uwag leksykalno‑semantycznych

Author(s): Urszula Sokólska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses a hundred names for people who are about to undertake a journey or are currently on the road, either of their own volition or, due to forces beyond their control, compelled to set out for a journey, leave their place of dwelling, or leave their home, country and family behind. Moreover, the author categorizes the various travelers and points to the semantic and value‑judgment metamorphoses which those names have undergone in the past two hundred years.

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Trudne powroty do polszczyzny. Uwagi o przyczynach problemów językowych dzieci z polskich rodzin reemigranckich

Author(s): Małgorzata Gębka-Wolak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article collects and organizes information concerning the fundamental reasons for language difficulties in children coming from Polish families returning from emigration after several years. The factors preventing children from reimmigrant families from acquiring full language competences have been divided into systemic and individual. This division accounts for the criterion of the scope of the factor and the possibility of prognosis regarding its force. In the analysis proper, the author focuses on systemic factors which have been further divided into intralingual and extralingual. The intralingual factors are connected with the fact of acquiring language in a multilingual environment and the change of status of the Polish language from inherited language to first language. On the other hand, the extralingual factors include the Polonia and Polish education systems. Towards the end, the author enumerates steps to be undertaken in order to more effectively support the language education of children from reimmigrant families.

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Najeździł się, ale czy się wyjeździł? O ekwiwalentach (?) semantycznych w grupie czasowników saturatywnych

Author(s): Karolina Lisczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author aims at providing an answer to the question whether saturative verbs with discontinuous formants na‑… się and wy‑… się constitute semantic variants. The author analyzes in detail the pair of verbs najeździć się (ride a lot) and wyjeździć się (ride out), looking at their lexicographic definitions and contexts of use available in the National Polish Language Corpus. Moreover, the author analyzes their lexical cohesion (particularly with intensifiers). The conducted semantic analysis allows the author to formulate preliminary definitions of both verbs.

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Onimiczne realizacje motywu quest w tekstach fantasy

Author(s): Izabela Domaciuk-Czarny / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is concerned with descriptions of fictional worlds through proper names in fantasy texts, in which one of the main motifs is the journey of the characters to places regarded as possible worlds. The reader becomes gradually familiar with the world of the story thanks to the characters performing their roles in this created reality, through the analysis of the quest narrative, characteristic of fantasy texts. This, in turn, is facilitated through description, maps, and onimic practices. Proper names in fantasy texts are usually compounded from comprehensible units, elements of Old Polish and semantically unclear forms alluding to foreign languages (e.g. „Dająca Wzrok” – „Sight Giver”; „Twardokęsek”, „Emhyr var Emreis”). Such varied onomasticon reinforces the egzomimetic space created by the author in the works of epic fantasy.

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„Ku pożytecznej a bogatej może w treść [rodaków] zabawie” – wielojęzyczność w „Dziesięcioletniej podróży po Wschodzie” Ignacego Pietraszewskiego

Author(s): Jolanta Klimek-Grądzka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the use of foreign words in „Dziesięcioletnia podróż po Wschodzie” [„The Ten‑Year Journey to the East”], a travel writing account by the 19th century Orientalist and diplomat Ignacy Pietraszewski. The analysis of the saturation of the text with foreign words, particularly of Turkish origin, the methods of their implementation in the text and translation to Polish, as well as the thematic areas to which the words belong allow to reach two conclusions. First, it could be possible to treat the introduction of barbarisms as a way to introduce precision, one of the genre characteristics of travel writing. Second, it would be possible to see them as an enrichment of the primary, according to Pietraszewski, didactic function.

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Podróż w poszukiwaniu tożsamości – geografia i mit we Wschodzie Andrzeja Stasiuka

Author(s): Joanna Przyklenk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to a discussion of the geographical and mythical dimension of journey in Andrzej Stasiuk’s „Wschód” [„The East”], including the identity context. To this end, the author conducts a functional analysis of the geographical proper names, the use of the lexemes geography and tectonics as well as the use (including mythopoeic use) of the concepts of the map as well as that of the boundary and boundlessness, taking into account strategies dynamizing the presentation of the geographical space. Moreover, the author describes the mythizations dominating in the descriptions of particular geographical areas (East Poland, Russia, Mongolia and China). In the later part of the article, the author presents the way in which the narrator reconstructs his identity, focusing on those aspects which are connected with the geographical or travelling context of the narrative. In the course of analysis, the author enumerates the following characteristics of the narrator motivated by geography and its mythicization: alienation, the status of the inhabitant of the borderland or the East, the traveller and the writer.

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Żywioł nomadyczny w twórczości Edwarda Stachury (z perspektywy geopoetyki)

Author(s): Wiesław Setlak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The life and works of Edward Stachura could be interpreted in the context of geopoetics. He represents the type of creator endowed with exceptional spatial dynamic — he could write everywhere he was led by his nomadic temperament. His entire oeuvre is deeply marked by this intellectual nomadic nature. This, in turn, allows to classify the author as a nomadological subject and posit a thesis regarding comparable activity of Stachura in two spaces: internal and external. The former can be a subject of a phenomenological description, while the latter reveals itself in a complementary function. The predominance of the nomadic element above other topics is revealed in the narrative strategy (“the narrator is me”) as well as hypersemiotic and overexpressive portrayals, the conflict between conscious and subconscious representation, vitalism juxtaposed with the nihilistic worldview, search for knowledge about the world and oneself countered by epistemic impotence. Edward Stachura can be considered, then, a writer of the road that ultimately leads nowhere, exemplified by his suicide. Or, perhaps, that was in fact his goal and his liberation?

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Podróż (i podróżowanie) oczyma blogerów. Refleksje nie tylko lingwistyczne

Author(s): Ewa Ficek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the article conducts preliminary characteristic of selected Polish travel blogs. The aim of the analysis (characterized by a logocentric slant – though not entirely), conducted under the pretext of commenting on travel journals, has been, among others, to provide answers to questions regarding: the profiles and intent of the bloggers; the ways of shaping their travel narratives and references to establisher practices within the genre (an account of the travels and other forms of blog messages, concretization and enrichment of the message, the importance of description, etc.); the images of travel and traveling on blogs. Such a targeted analysis has allowed to note two things: first, an evolution of academic reflection regarding the heterogenous characteristic of the internet space; and second – a change within the blogosphere itself, which seems to become more structured and rigid, even though the blog (as an object permanently connected with the processes of transgression, journey or migration between genres, styles and discourses) has yet to be unambiguously defined.

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