Aspekty lingwistyczne polityki językowej II RP w stosunku do mniejszości ukraińskiej 1918–1939 w Galicji Wschodniej (etnonimy i glottonimy)

Author(s): Katarzyna Hibel / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2011

The interwar period was crucial for the development of Polish–Ukrainian relations in the following decades. Political commentaries, studies in linguistics, social sciences, and legislative acts from this period reflect the changes of Polish attitudes towards the Ukrainian minority. In the late 1920s and 1930s, the traditional and exonymic terminology Rusin and ruski was gradually replaced by the new forms Ukrainiec and ukraiński.

Atrofické zmeny v nárečových prejavoch amerických Slovákov

Author(s): Ivor Ripka / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1(2)/2007

Linguistic works dealing with research of language contacts and interference use a term atrophy which indicates various changes connected with a permissiveness of norm a minority (isolated) language. In the United States of America also the Slovak language (Slovak dialects) exists as a minority language. In this paper some examples of atrophic changes in word-formation level are presented.

Australijskie „idealne miejsce” Jerzego Domaradzkiego

Author(s): Malgorzata Radkiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Jerzy Domaradzki started to work in Australia after his film “Wielki bieg” [“The Great Race”] had been presented at a film festival in Sydney. During those first years he had been mainly teaching at a film school, but after some time he began to make feature films and documentaries. The text examines the films he made in Australia, analyzing the way he selected characters and the problems he had in developing stories and images of people of different nations, cultures and times.

Aкадемический дискурс в польской специальной литературе

Author(s): Martyna Król-Kumor / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 32 (37)/2017

The article is an attempt at reconstructing the concept of academic discourse based on the available Polish specialised literature. In result of analysis, it has turned out that the concept of academic discourse does not have a clear definition in Polish science yet and its name is often used as a synonym for scientific discourse and didactic discourse. The works dealing with academic discourse may generally refer to two areas of expertise: pedagogy and linguistics. The most significant research result of this article is coming up with the typology of academic discourse from pragmatic point of view. The following subtypes have been separated within academic discourse: scientific-academic discourse, didactic-academic discourse, educational-academic discourse, administrative-academic discourse and public-academic discourse. Each type of academic discourse has features which are common for all subtypes (they have the same place of discourse functioning and strict connection between discourse participants and an academic institution) as well as differentiating features, among which there is a purpose of activity within each subtype of academic discourse (purposes such as cognition, working out didactic methods, teaching, managing the university and creating a positive, favourable social image of the university).

Bardzo długi marsz: „Niepokonani” Petera Weira wobec prozy Sławomira Rawicza

Author(s): Magdalena Kempna-Pieniazek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

The Polish reaction to Peter Weir’s film “The Way Back” (2010) was centred on a discussion about the credibility of its literary prototype, Sławomir Rawicz’s book “The long walk” (1955). The author of the article does not discuss this controversy; she prefers to concentrate on the adaptation that was chosen by the director, who combines different interpretations of the phenomenon of freedom in his movie. Weir’s approach can be regarded as transnational and such a perspective is suggested as a context for the interpretation of “The Way Back”.

Bergerová, Hana; Vaňková, Lenka et al. 2015. Lexikalische Ausdrucksmittel der Emotionalität im Deutschen und Tschechischen

Author(s): Anita Pavic Pintaric / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2017

This is a bok review of: Bergerová, Hana; Vaňková, Lenka et al. 2015. Lexikalische Ausdrucksmittel der Emotionalität im Deutschen und Tschechischen

Betlemářství a jeho odraz v jazyce

Author(s): Ondrej Mrázek,Jarmila Vojtová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 4/2017

The aim of this contribution is to provide a picture of the present-day situation of the language of nativity scene model builders in the Czech lands. The analyzed vocabulary is based on research carried out in selected locations between 2013 and 2016. The contribution is focused on the comparison of the situation in the regions where the research was carried out and also on developmental tendencies. Multiple factors influencing the character of the recorded vocabulary are examined: its specific features, significant aspects relating to etymology as well as the proportions of the individual semantic fields and differences between respondents from various locations.

Between Homeland and Emigration. Tuwim’s Struggle for Identity

Author(s): Hans-Christian Trepte / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2016

Julian Tuwim belongs to the pantheon of the greatest Polish writes of the 20th century. His Polish-Jewish descent, his attitude towards the Polish language, towards Jews in Poland, his political activities as an emigrant as well as his controversial involvement with the communist Poland still fuel many critical discussions. Polish language and culture were for him much more important than the categories of nation or state. However, whereas for Polish nationalists and antisemites Tuwim remained “only” a Jew, Jewish nationalists considered him a traitor. It was in exile that his attitude towards his Jewish countrymen began to change, especially after he learnt about the horror of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Thus, he began writing his famous, dramatic manifesto, We, the Polish Jews. After World War II, Tuwim came back to Poland, hoping to continue his prewar career as a celebrated poet. His manifold contributions to the development of the Polish language and literature, within the country and abroad, cannot be questioned, and the dilemmas concerning his cultural and ethnic identity only make him a more interesting writer. Julian Tuwim belongs to the pantheon of the greatest Polish writes of the 20th century. His Polish-Jewish descent, his attitude towards the Polish language, towards Jews in Poland, his political activities as an emigrant as well as his controversial involvement with the communist Poland still fuel many critical discussions. Polish language and culture were for him much more important than the categories of nation or state. However, whereas for Polish nationalists and antisemites Tuwim remained “only” a Jew, Jewish nationalists considered him a traitor. It was in exile that his attitude towards his Jewish countrymen began to change, especially after he learnt about the horror of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Thus, he began writing his famous, dramatic manifesto, We, the Polish Jews. After World War II, Tuwim came back to Poland, hoping to continue his prewar career as a celebrated poet. His manifold contributions to the development of the Polish language and literature, within the country and abroad, cannot be questioned, and the dilemmas concerning his cultural and ethnic identity only make him a more interesting writer.

Błędy fleksyjne w tekstach pisanych przez słoweńskich studentów polonistyki w Lublanie

Author(s): Maria Wtorkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

The aim of the article is to analyse the inflectional errors in texts written by Slovenian students of Polish Studies in Ljubljana. The collision of two grammatical systems (in this case: Polish and Slovenian) leads to numerous mistakes. As a result the inflectional errors appear in both spoken and written texts. The incorrect forms have been analysed in the article and the reason for their occurance described. Special attention was paid to mistakes that can result from the influence of the Slovenian language. The analysed material was gathered by the author of the article herself and it comes from the written works of the Polish language students from Ljubljana. The analyses aim to explain the reasons for the errors. This should result in reflection on the effective methods of teaching that could prevent the occurance of such errors.

BUDYŠÍNSKÉ ZASEDÁNÍ KOMISE PRO SPISOVNÉ JAZYKY

Author(s): Ondrej Bláha / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 3-4/2014

Chodovo, Kouto, Choboto. K přechodu toponym od maskulina k neutru

Author(s): Pavel Štepán / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 3/2017

The article deals with Czech toponyms with the neuter ending -o, occurring almost exclusively in Southwest Bohemia. These neuter forms are regarded as (mostly unofficial) variants of masculine names. These forms are attested both in non-settlement names (mostly field names) and settlement names. Especially the settlement names data are rather rich; they include unofficial variants of toponyms and their historical records (some of the historical records are very old, beginning as early as in the 12th century). The area of occurrence of toponyms of this type has been compared to the dialectal area of the indeclinable form of possessive adjectives ending in -ovo found in Southwest Bohemia; the correspondence of these two areas is striking and can hardly be coincidental. According to the author’s hypothesis, the change of the toponyms ending in -ov and -ín to -ovo and -ino started in the historical period in which the original possessive function of the names and their connection with possessive adjectives was still transparent. Based on the toponymic evidence, it seems that the Southwest Bohemian dialectal phenomenon of possessive adjectives ending in -ovo must be extremely old, reaching as far back as the 12th century.

Co mówi, jak mówi i kim jest Bóg – bohater memów oraz reklam religijnych zamieszczanych na katolickich fanpage’ach?

Author(s): Katarzyna Trefler / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

This article constitutes an analysis of Catholic religious memes and advertising materials posted on Facebook, in which the hero is God. The authoress lists and discusses the characteristics of this type of texts: colloquialisms, ways of communicating typical for communication in virtual reality, persuasiveness and transformation of the traditional image of God, functioning in the language and culture.

Co reklama mówi dzieciom o świecie? Socjalizacyjna oferta reklamy

Author(s): Emilia Kaluzinska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

Apart from encouraging people to purchase various products, advertising also transmits knowledge about social life. At the same time, for a child at preschool age, who is happy to watch them, commercials become the environment of socialization. Examining advertising message that is addressed to children, as well as the cultural content passed on to them, constitutes the objective of this work. For its implementation, it has proved useful to treat the advertisement communicate as a whole – the verbal layer is therefore analyzed along with other codes of advertising. The analysis is based on commercials broadcast on the TVP ABC channel.

Co znaczy straszyć? Próba analizy semantycznej

Author(s): Joanna Woloszyn / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2016

The predominant goal of this article is to offer a semantic analysis of the conceptof frightening/scaring. To begin with, lexical units incorporating the verb straszyć aredistinguished and listed as follows: ktoś/coś straszy czymś, coś straszy gdzieś I, coś straszygdzieś II, ktoś straszy kogoś czymś and ktoś straszy kogoś, że_. Afterwards, two of the selectedunits are discussed in detail, namely – ktoś straszy kogoś czymś and ktoś straszy kogoś, że_. Theconducted analysis has shown that they describe two different types of fear – the literal feelingof being in danger, as well as the thought that something bad may happen. Furthermore,it has been discovered that despite the presence of the verb grozić (threaten) in a dictionarydefinition of the verb straszyć (scare), phrases ktoś straszy kogoś, że_ and ktoś grozi komuś, że_are not synonymous but rather hyponymous in nature. The aforementioned considerationsare followed by an attempt to define the examined sequences.

Critica et bibliographia

Author(s): I. I. Savickaja,Larisa Stankevich,Michael Moser,Zoltán Farkas,Istvan Frid,Erzsébet Kámán / Language(s): English,Russian / Issue: 1/2008

Review of: 1. Вугорска-беларускй слоушк. Пад рэд. Атылы ГОЛАТТТА i Ларысы СТАНКЕВШ. I Прэдзьгаэа, 2007. 280 с. - Magyar-fehérorosz szótár. Szerk. HOLLÓS Attila és Larisza SZTANKEVICS. Nyíregyháza, 2007. 280 p. by: И. И. Савицкая (Минск) 2. BELENTSCHIKOW Renate (Hrsg.): Das Russische in zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern. Internationale Fachtagung, Magdeburg, 18.-22.5.2005. БЕЛЕНЧИКОВА Ренате (ред.): Русский язык в двуязычных словарях. Международная научная конференция, Магдебург, 18-22 мая 2005 г. Band 13. 2006. 392 с. by: Лариса Станкевич (Брест—Будапешт) 3. BORYS Wieslaw: Slownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Krakow: Wydawnic- two literackie, 2005. 861 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 4. WITKOWSKI Wieslaw: Nowy slownik zapozyczen polskich w języku rosyjskim. Wydanie drugie, rozszerzone. Kraków: Universitas, 2006. XXIV + 251 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 5. DANYLENKO Andrii: Slavica et Islamica. Ukrainian in Context. (Sagners Slavistische Sammlung 31.) München: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2006. 460 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 6. Szűcs Olga: Nyikolaj Bergyajev történetfilozófiája 1901-1924 között írt mű¬vei alapján. Dobroljubov Társadalomtudományi Társaság Közhasznú Egyesület, 2006. 167 p. by: Золтан Фаркаш 7. MARIN EL LI-KÖNIG Gertraud: Russische Kinderliteratur in dér Sowjetunion dér Jahre 1920-1930. Slavistische Beitrage 457. Hrsg. von Peter Rehder. München: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2007. 293+7 S. by: Иштван Фрид 8. Studia Russica XXI. Литература и визуальность. Под ред. Анны ХАН И Жужи ХЕТЕНИ. Budapest: Institut Philologiae Slavicae Orientalis et Balticae, 2004. 436 p. by: Эржебет Каман

Czechoznawstwo polskie – charakter i sens jednego kierunku badawczego

Author(s): Jaroslav Pánek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

The position of Poland and Czechia in contemporary Europe, their mutual relations and significance of the areal studies in Central Europe. Czech Lands in comparative history of Central European macroregion in European and American historiographies, and a special position of the Polish research attitude. The asymmetry of the Polish studies in Czechia and the Czech studies in Poland. Scholars, essayists, and churchmen in the capacity of interpreters of the Czech issues. The national heterostereotypes in an interdiciplinary research and their role in social relations.

Czy normalnie znaczy inaczej? O literaturze dziecięcej przełamującej stereotypy

Author(s): Karolina Kwak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 24/2015

In her article, the authoress proposes that — because of changes in both the contemporary society and the family model — contemporary children’s literature should be de-stereotyped. She refers to the Swedish and Norwegian experience: literary texts for children (available in Polish translation) by F. Nilsson and M. Nilsson Thore, R. Lagercrant, E. Eriksson, in which the authors address the problem of fear of “otherness”, describe students from the perspective of a child and life from the perspective of the so-called misfits. Schools should not — according to the authoress — resign from the books that depict models of, e.g. gender, in a way that is different than the ones desired in the contemporary society. Moreover, the image of a mother should also be de-stereotyped, as in Dorota Masłowska’s book titled “Jak zostałam wiedźmą. Opowieść autobiograficzna dla dorosłych i dzieci” („How I became a witch. An Autobiographical Tale for Adults and Children”). Children’s literature is to teach young readers how to accept themselves and others, and to educate the young generation how to be open to “Otherness.”

Czy polskość jest (słownikowo) definiowalna?

Author(s): Wojciech Chlebda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 49/2017

The author argues that the essence of polishness (polskość) is found in the Polish language, that is, in the language system, as well as in texts written in Polish; hence, it should be possible to reproduce and define the very concept of polishness. So far, it should be stressed, the definitions of the concept of polishness found in dictionaries of the Polish language have not provided any information on components of the concept under scrutiny. In this paper, the author proposes, first, a number of methods that enable one to extract the components of polishness from the whole variety of text types and genres, and, second, a framework designed to accommodate the extracted components, and, in the future, to develop a synthetic dictionary definition of polishness.

Czym jest dla dzisiejszych Wilamowian język wilamowski? Różne funkcje, różne postawy językowe

Author(s): Tymoteusz Król / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

What makes the Wilamowice town so unique is the original language, Wymysorys. Vilamovian was brought to Poland by the settlers from the Western Europe and survived through the historical storms in the region till today. However, due to the after-Second World War suppressions of the German-like speaking community – bans of using the language, population displacement and deportations to the labor camps – the intergenerational knowledge transfer was disrupted. Children for whom the Vilamovian was their first language were being force to “unlearn” the language on the behalf of the dominating Polish. This violent political practice resulted in life-lasting trauma and unbreakable fear of speaking Vilamovian. Their native language was being forgotten by the post-war generations, although it was too late for them to naturally canvass Polish instead. Accordingly, a number of people declaring to do not know Wymysorys use particular words from it, while talking in Polish about traditional Vilamovian clothing, customs and values, deeply associated with Vilamowian identity. Contradictory to the earlier predications that Vilamowian language will die completely by the end of the 20th century, in the being of the second decade of the 21st century the dedicated revitalization program was introduced in the region. The initiative engaged scientists from major Polish universities – the University of Warsaw, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań – as well as foreign scholars. Wymysorys was introduced to the curriculum of the local schools and the intergenerational meetings are being held regularly. After some time, the Vilamovians also engaged into the revitalization program, even though there are strong differences in their linguistic bases. Today, the knowledge and use of Vilamowian is vividly growing amongst the young. The language once almost forgotten starts not only to gain back its communicative function, but more and more often takes upon a functions of identity construction and linguistic code, understood only by the narrow group of people.

Dalej niż daleko. Znaczenie geograficznego usytuowania Australii we wspomnieniach Seweryna Korzelińskiego i Bolesława Dolańskiego

Author(s): Magdalena Bak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

The aim of the article is to analyse the way in which Seweryn Korzeliński and Bolesław Dolański describe the geographical location of Australia (the distance that separates it from Europe). In many reports from Australia and literary texts describing the continent, written either before or after Korzeliński’s and Dolański’s memoirs, the distance that separates Australia from Europe is considered the main characteristic feature that determines the way in which other Australian phenomena are regarded. The article discusses the interesting way in which the two authors present Australian geographical location and the purpose this literary interpretation serves in their memoirs.