Full agreement with coordinate subjects in Polish: Gender resolution rules revisited

Author(s): Anna Prażmowska / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2016

The aim of this paper is to identify the syntactic position of the comparative operator tak. First, we present a classification of degree phrases as proposed by Neeleman, van de Koot and Doetjes (2004). The authors divide degree expressions into two classes, namely class-1 and class-2 degree expressions. The expressions of the first class function as heads while expressions of the second class form a group of maximal projections. Only the former but not the latter c-select prepositional phrases, nominal phrases with a gradient property and verbal phrases. Since class-2 degree expressions are adjuncts, they can have a rich internal structure and appear without the host element. As for the movement, only class-2 degree expressions can undergo leftward movement. In the paper we demonstrate that comparative tak looks like a class-2 degree expression in contrast to its English counterpart in an analogical construction, i.e. the comparative as. The crucial difference between English and Polish degree expressions is the fact that in English the dummy operator much appears only in a limited number of contexts while its Polish equivalent, i.e. bardzo, is very common among degree expressions from class-1. This observation does not allow us to adopt Neeleman et al. (2004) syntactic analysis of degree expressions without any modifications.

Synonimia w XVII-wiecznych poradnikach rolniczych Jakuba Kazimierza Haura (rzeczowniki)

Author(s): Cecylia Galilej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The article discusses the problem of noun synonyms in the seventeenth-centuryagricultural guidebooks by Jakub Kazimierz Haur. The research focused on two importantaspects: 1) similarity of meaning between synonyms (the semantic criterion), and 2)interchangeability of synonyms (the criterion of context). A detailed analysis shows thatin addition to the basic distinction between full and partial synonyms there are severalvarious combinations of synonyms that were created on the basis of two main criteria,which are used in a description of synonymy.

Przymiotnikowy formant -asy (-̓asy) jako przykład słowotwórczego archaizmu peryferycznego

Author(s): Irena Jaros / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The author presents a formant -asy (-‘asy) creating names of colours, e.g. białasy,czerwonasy, szarasy, żółtasy, that existed in the old Polish language until the second part ofthe 18th century. These are adjectival derivatives whose meaning is related to a partial orweakened feature defined in the word-formation base. In the Polish dialects derivatives wereformed with the help of a formant -asy not only from adjectives naming colours e.g. burasy,modrasy, posiwasy, but also from those naming flavours e.g. słodkasy, physical characteristicsof objects e.g. mokrasy, przydługasy, and negative features of living beings e.g. głuptasy,ubogasy, starasy. The author indicates their geographical range - north, south and insulareastern peripheries of Polish lingual area – on the basis of the data taken from publishedsources. The appearance of derivatives with a morpheme -as- created from an adjectivebiały, that originate from other Slavonic languages, suggest that the morpheme was knownin the whole Slavic territory. The persistence of the formant -asy in the old Polish languageand Polish dialects makes our ethno-lingual area the example of peripheral territory wherethe innovation occurred in the connectivity of the mentioned suffix with basic adjectivesof various meaning.

Uwagi o języku przesiedleńców z Trembowli i Wierzbowca na Podolu na podstawie spisanych wspomnień

Author(s): Anna Kostecka-Sadowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

In the article the author presents some issues related to the description of the phoneticsystem and the morphology of the Polish dialect used in the South-Eastern Borderlands(on the basis of Trembowla and Wierzbowiec). The manuscript obtained by the author includesmemoirs, descriptions of everyday life in the South-Eastern Borderlands before the SecondWorld War, a dictionary of words which were then in use, family letters, songs, prayers – thus,the description of the local dialect shall have a value for the documentary history of Polish.

Przezwiska i pseudonimy sportowców

Author(s): Marcin Kojder,Mariusz Koper / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The authors present a selection of sportspersons’ nicknames and pseudonyms used in the Polish and European media. The onomastic material was excerpted from the press, radio, television and the Internet. Dozens of personal names of Polish and world sportspersons were collected and analysed. The material was taken from the texts in, among others, Polish, English, German and Spanish. This paper aims at a typology of sportspersons’ nicknames and pseudonyms and it constitutes an attempt to unveil the primary onomastic and language-systemic mechanisms behind such formations. Also, their semantic as well as structural-grammatical motivation is discussed.

„Świat na talerzu” i „Masterchef” – nazewnicza onomastyka medialna w zakresie kulinariów

Author(s): Joanna Szczęk,Marcelina Kałasznik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The aim of our analysis is to present the names of television programs about culinary issues and magazines of this type. The collected corpus will be used to draw conclusions about the motivations of medionyms of this type, their semantics and pragmatics.Słowa kluczowe: onomastyka medialna, kulinaria, kulinarne nazwy medialne

Analiza dyskursywno-genologiczna nazw telewizyjnych programów publicystycznych w Polsce (2005–2015)

Author(s): Ewa Szkudlarek-Śmiechowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The aim of the article is a discursive and genealogical analysis of proper names of television current affairs programmes. The linguistic characteristics (structural, semantic and functional) of television broadcasts’ titles are related mostly to their self-presentation strategies and self-promotional functions. By naming, a television broadcaster creates, above all, the television’s image as an institution which safeguards freedom of speech, which is objective, pluralistic, truth-revealing and which brings a univocal resolution to socially important issues

Leksem wykon

Author(s): Zofia Smuga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

Współczesne rozważania nad stanem rzeczy dawnych – sprawozdanie z Kongresu Historyków Języka, Katowice, 13–15.04.2016

Author(s): Kinga Wąsińska,Wioletta Wilczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2016

A Conference Report

Stanisław Koziara, Szkice z polskiej frazeologii biblijnej, Łask 2015

Author(s): Bogdan Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

A Book Review

Przemysław Fałowski, Sposoby wzbogacania leksyki potocznej w języku czeskim i chorwackim, Kraków 2015

Author(s): Agnieszka Kołodziej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2017

A Book Review

„Poradnik Językowy” w służbie kultury języka

Author(s): Stanisław Dubisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

„Poradnik Językowy” (“The Linguistic Guide”) was initiated in Kraków in 1901 as a periodical dedicated to proper language use and linguistic guidance. After it was moved to Warsaw in 1932, its profile changed into a scientific journal, yet its role as a Polish nationwide periodical discussing issues related to language culture was preserved. Since 1971, „Poradnik Językowy” has been a body of Towarzystwo Kultury Języka (Society for Language Culture). Its two major roles, which have evolved as a result of more than a hundred years of the journal’s development, are: 1) forming a linguistic standard of Polish and good – compliant with language culture and ethics of the word – practices of social communication; 2) forming the knowledge of the Polish language, without which language culture is impossible.

Halina Wiśniewska, Polszczyzna w utworach Elżbiety Drużbackiej poetki saskiej (1698–1765): rozważania lingwistyczno-kulturowe, Lublin 2016

Author(s): Anna Jaworska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2017

The review of: Halina Wiśniewska, Polszczyzna w utworach Elżbiety Drużbackiej poetki saskiej (1698–1765): rozważania lingwistyczno-kulturowe, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2016, ss. 238

Синкретизм вопросительных предложений (на материале русского и чешского языков)

Author(s): Helena Flídrová / Language(s): Russian Issue: 157/2017

In linguistics, syncretism is understood as asymmetry of language sign, i.e. discrepancy between the content and form of language phenomena, which implies their ambiguousness. This point of view is applied in the article in order to scrutinize and classify Russian and Czech syncretic interrogative sentences which are characterised by means of interrogative form and the meaning of request or challenge (e.g. Ты мне поможешь/не поможешь?, Чего ты не работаешь?!) or the meaning of declarative statement (e.g. Можно ли мириться с этими недостатками?). Ambiguousness of syncretic interrogative sentences is resolved in the context of communitation. Implementation of theory of grammatical syncretism in Russian and Czech comparative point of view seems to be promising in future.

Описание системы членов предложения с учетом синкретичных фактов (на материале русского и чешского языков)

Author(s): Václav Slovák / Language(s): Russian Issue: 154/2016

The article deals with the system of parts of sentence with respect to syncretic phenomena in language. The main reason and goal of this approach to parts of sentence system description is the premise that no matter how prats of sentence are categorized.

Лексинка компьютерной речи: синкретологический анализ (в сопоставлении руского и чешского языков)

Author(s): Ladislav Vobořil / Language(s): Russian Issue: 153/2016

The paper deals with syncretic features of computer non-literary (jargon/slang) words which are the object of research presented. The subject is syncretic features of this group of lexis. The term of syncretism describes some non-discrete phenomena or merging, fusion or union of diverse and contradictory elements. Syncretism at the lexical level means formal and semantic asymmetry when one sign can have two or more meanings or one meaning can be expressed in two or more differentsings. Syncretism as a lexical-semantic category is understood as accumulation of two/multiple denotations and significations at the same time. Syncretism comprises such phenomena as metaphor, metonymy, symbolic words, connotative lexis, hyperonyms, phraseology.

Paradigmele termenilor militari de origine polonă în cronicile lui Miron Costin, Nicolae Costin şi Ion Neculce

Author(s): Raluca E. Iftime / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2016

The article examines the influence exercised by Polish language with regard to military terminology of old Romanian vocabulary. By establishing three lexical-semantic fields, we shall take into account generic names of military personnel, generic names of military grades and generic names of weaponry and munitions. Polish influence over Romanian old vocabulary between XVI and XVIII centuries is the result of direct relations between Romanian and Polish savants, due to contact of Moldavian scholars with Polish schools during their studies and with Polish realities or due to presence of Polish people in Moldova, as missionaries and/or travelers. Therefore, we shall examine how Polish influence has distributed over Romanian old texts, such as chronicles or text translations from Polish language by rendering to Romanian language lexical loanwords into the military field of direct Polish origin or lexemes in Polish originated from Latin or sometimes, a Romanic idiom.

Between Homeland and Emigration. Tuwim’s Struggle for Identity

Author(s): Hans-Christian Trepte / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

Julian Tuwim belongs to the pantheon of the greatest Polish writes of the 20th century. His Polish-Jewish descent, his attitude towards the Polish language, towards Jews in Poland, his political activities as an emigrant as well as his controversial involvement with the communist Poland still fuel many critical discussions. Polish language and culture were for him much more important than the categories of nation or state. However, whereas for Polish nationalists and antisemites Tuwim remained “only” a Jew, Jewish nationalists considered him a traitor. It was in exile that his attitude towards his Jewish countrymen began to change, especially after he learnt about the horror of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Thus, he began writing his famous, dramatic manifesto, We, the Polish Jews. After World War II, Tuwim came back to Poland, hoping to continue his prewar career as a celebrated poet. His manifold contributions to the development of the Polish language and literature, within the country and abroad, cannot be questioned, and the dilemmas concerning his cultural and ethnic identity only make him a more interesting writer. Julian Tuwim belongs to the pantheon of the greatest Polish writes of the 20th century. His Polish-Jewish descent, his attitude towards the Polish language, towards Jews in Poland, his political activities as an emigrant as well as his controversial involvement with the communist Poland still fuel many critical discussions. Polish language and culture were for him much more important than the categories of nation or state. However, whereas for Polish nationalists and antisemites Tuwim remained “only” a Jew, Jewish nationalists considered him a traitor. It was in exile that his attitude towards his Jewish countrymen began to change, especially after he learnt about the horror of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Thus, he began writing his famous, dramatic manifesto, We, the Polish Jews. After World War II, Tuwim came back to Poland, hoping to continue his prewar career as a celebrated poet. His manifold contributions to the development of the Polish language and literature, within the country and abroad, cannot be questioned, and the dilemmas concerning his cultural and ethnic identity only make him a more interesting writer.

Владимир Пенчев на 60 години!

Author(s): Irina Kolarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

Anniversary

W Czechach o Polsce w kontekście Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej

Author(s): Artur Patek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Polish studies have a long tradition in the Czech Republic. The Congress of the Polish Studies, held in Prague in 2013, attempted to present the current state of research on Polish issues. Two monographs were published as the proceedings of the congress. This paper discusses the second one, i.e., "The Czech studies on Poland in the context of Central and Eastern Europe".