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W dniu 9 maja 2017 r. na Wydziale Filologiczno-Historycznym Akademii im. Jana Długosza odbyła się konferencja naukowa „Filozofować po polsku. Źródłowość języka -uniwersalizm zagadnień”. Omawiane przedsięwzięcie – którego głównym inicjatorem była dr hab. Wiesława Sajdek, prof. nadzw. AJD – zostało zorganizowane przez Instytut Filozofii AJD.
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The author focused on searching for and excerpting Russian lexemes from fortification terminology and some historisms related to castle-chateau discourse in the texts prepared for tourism. Mostly, the texts translated from Czech to Russian were used. The lexemes obtained were subsequently analysed from the lexical, semantic, syntactic and other points of view. Special attention is paid to an appropriate or inappropriate use of the equivalents, their use in Russian and connotation differences.
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The article refers to the semantic aspects of the work activity, especially the common features and expression variables of work in both German and Czech languages. The work is the basis for many words, it is a part of many phrasemes and idioms, it is also a part of many proverbs and there is also a large group of synonyms. The text provides an overall view of the concept of work activity, noting the semantic proximity of terms in the two languages, as well as the specific differences.
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The lexemes ludzki and human are treated (e.g. in didact cs and translation studies) as equivalents, which is reflected in the dictionary descriptions of the meanings of these words. At the same time, the analysis of the contexts where the expression ludzki człowiek is used leads to other conclusions: not all contents of the Polish adjective are present in its English equivalent. Ludzki is also ‘one who suspends the operaton of principles for the sake of another human being’. This component of a more general meaning (‘consistent with the human nature, conceived as good; hence: characterised by favourable disposition, understanding for other people; humane, merciful, gentle, kind’, SJPDor) seems to be absent from English (adjectives human and humane). This article applies the methodology based on the pragmatic analysis of the communication situation and consideration for the context of the uƩ erance/statement (aŌ er Grzegorczykowa 1990). The language material used was derived from the following corpora: NKJP (NaTI onal Corpus of Polish), BNC (British National Corpus), and COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English).
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Review of: Słownik języka mieszkańców okolic pobiedzisk. Przyroda, pod red. Justyny Kobus I Anny Migdałek, Wydawnictwo psp, Poznań 2023, ss. 351
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W rozmowie zawsze występują dwa podmioty: nadawca i odbiorca wypowiedzi, którzy w jej trakcie zamieniają się rolami, dzięki czemu mogą sobie coś nawzajem komunikować i się porozumiewać. Rozmowa może występować w kilku płaszczyznach komunikacyjnych: indywidualnej – twarzą w twarz; lokalnej – podczas zebrania, zajęć dydaktycznych, posiedzeń różnych gremiów zbiorowych, wieców; ogólnopaństwowej / ogólnonarodowej – dzięki środkom masowej komunikacji takim jak radio, telewizja; wreszcie w płaszczyźnie globalnej – w związku z komunikacją elektroniczną, satelitarną, internetową. Rozmowy prowadzone w płaszczyźnie indywidualnej mają na ogół charakter prywatny, osobisty, bezpośredni, rozmowy prowadzone w płaszczyznach pozostałych zawsze – choć w różnym stopniu – są upublicznione, co zarazem powoduje ich nacechowanie ofi cjalnością.
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This article discusses briefly the evaluation devices encoded in language (axiological vocabulary) and more complex ways of expressing evaluations used in utterances and statements and based on the employment of connotations and conversational implicatures (comparisons, metaphors, irony). The subject of a closer analysis is the use of the verse form in the evaluative function. The combined application of a variety of evaluative devices, including versological ones, is illustrated by Ruch (Movement) by Julian Tuwim. The metrical structure of this poem, i.e. the 4-accent tonic verse, which is rarely used in Poland, functions as a sound metaphor that contributes to the grotesque image of the movement of passers-by hurrying without a clear purpose along the streets of the city, and hence the tonic rhythm becomes an important factor in the satirical approach to the work’s theme.
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Review of: Bogusłav Bakuła (editor), Transformacja w kulturze i literaturze polskiej 1989 – 2004. Poznań 2007. ISBN 978-83-8952-55-9. Stran 219.
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Review of: Martin Ološtiak, Ľudmila Liptáková, Klaudia Bednárová-Gibová (ed.). Slovanská slovotvorba: synchrónia, inovácie, neologizácia – Slavic Word-formation: Synchrony, Innovations, Neologization. Prešov: Prešovská univerzita v Prešove vo Vydavateľstve Prešovskej univerzity, 2022, 430 стр.
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The subject of the analysis are terms recorded in the 17th-19th-century grammar nomenclatures. The most numerously represented ones were terms from the field of inflection (naming parts of speech and grammatical categories), there were few terms from the field of phonetics and word-formation, and terms from the field of sentence syntax had not appeared in glossaries until the 19th century. This share of terms from various branches was determined by the utilitarian nature of grammatical works: they were intended for learning Polish or foreign languages. It was assumed a priori, so to speak, that the learner already had the knowledge of the rules of Latin grammar, and the point of reference for Polish terms (or German ones, as in Dobracki’s grammar book) was the Latin terminology. The outcome of the development of grammatical knowledge is the redefinition of grammar itself and its branches, the independence of the grammatical description of modern languages from Latin grammar, as well as the codification and standardisation of grammatical terminology.
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There is not much official information regarding the personality of the orientalist Otakar Pecháček (born in Přeštice on 29 March 1901). The paper is based on fragmentary documents from various Czech archives and on references about Pecháček in the posterior prosaic literature, e. g. in the memoirs of the Abbot in Břevnov monastery Anastáz Opasek, in the war reports by Jiří Mucha or by the war journalist in Cairo Eduard Rulf that referred to him as to a linguistic genius. The paper is amended with six letters of his that are kept in the Náprstek Museum. Otakar Pecháček came from a family with a strong interest in Oriental cultures and he was encouraged to study languages from his early youth. His grandfather was the Pilsen mayor František Pecháček and his father the Pilsner brew master. After graduating at the military academy, Otakar Pecháček studied law and travelled through Europe and Latin America. In the 1920s he entered the Břevnov monastery and studied Arabic and Hebrew and, after falling ill with tuberculosis, he left for Egypt. He improved his Arabic here, at the same time, he mastered some of local dialects as his correspondence shows. In the 1950s, Pecháček worked as a Czech language lecturer at Cairo University, at the time when the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology was being established. The letters where Pecháček describes in detail the linguistic milieu in which he moved in during the 1930s in Egypt and his encounters with several important academics both from Egypt and abroad – linguists, historians and archaeologists – represent a valuable and unique testimony.
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This text is the result of a reflection on the usefulness to historians of the second half of the twentieth century of the research on communist newspeak initiated by Michał Głowiński. It is presented in the context of considerations of interdisciplinarity and the interrelationship between literary studies and historiography. It is an attempt to show how the study of Newspeak can expand the field of historiography, provide concepts and analytical categories, and suggest ways of inter- preting source texts. The text is the result of the conference “Michal Głowinski’s Parallel Worlds” held in Warsaw, in November 2022.
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The article is devoted to reflection on the place of Jacek Kaczmarski’s literary songs in Polish language education. It was pointed out that the poet referred to as the bard of Solidarity is often associated with political texts, whereas the purport of most of his works has a historical dimension, referring to the struggle for freedom. The aim of the article is to emphasize the need to discuss the artist’s songs in Polish language lessons not only in the contextual terms. The sketch contains an analysis of studies on the reception of selected works by Kaczmarski, which were conducted among secondary school students.
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The article deals with the motivation of the comparison zdrowy jak pieniądz ‘healthy as money’, present in the Silesian dialect and in the dialects of Polish highlanders. This study alludes and refers to Nikita Tolstoy’s article Slavyanskaya frazeologiya sub specie etnografii. The comparison in question comes from the ritual formula that accompanies ablution in which money is dipped into water. The motivation for the comparison zdrowy jak pieniądz comes from the symbolism of water and silver.
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The aim of the article is to present a new tendency of humanities (transhumanism, posthumanism, new materialism) in the educational context. In the first part, the relationships between Polish language teaching in primary and secondary schools and literary studies are characterized in historical order. The school and university cooperation allows to conserve suitable impact on the pupils’ knowledge, skills, and their moral attitude to contemporary reality. Scientific support of school curricula is today very urgent because we are living in a chaotic reality that Zygmunt Bauman called liquid modernity. The classical patterns of knowledge and authority have been disappearing for dozens of decades. Moreover, we live in “a realm” of big data, rapid processes of digitalization, and a plethora of information. The second part of the article relates to different subjects of anthropology of literature, first of all transhumanism, posthumanism, and new materialism, which allow us to demonstrate the human condition in a new light. A teacher, using the tools of the new humanities, while reading literary texts, can indicate the natural relationships between man and the natural environment: plants, animals, terrain, climate.
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In the article, selected names of places in southern Warmia will be discussed and subjected to linguistic analysis. On this basis, the division of these toponyms will be made in terms of the linguistic affiliation of their morphemes, which have their source in Polish, German and Prussian. The history of the activity of the Commission for the Determination of Place Names will also be presented, which after World War II, immediately after the incorporation of Warmia into the Polish state, began intensive work on giving German names their Polish equivalents. The collected material will make it possible to formulate the methods most likely used by the Commission during its work, as well as to show conclusions regarding the impact of national identity and state policy on changes in the naming of places in Warmia.
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The year 2022 marks 30 years since the passing of Zofia Kozarynowa - a writer, publicist, translator, Polish language instructor at the University of Turin between 1929 and 1939, Polish emigration literature nestor. The paper presents Kozarynowa’s biography and her large output, as well as describes this interesting and controversial personality that stimulated her versatile activity. Additionally, it shows the family and social circle from which she originated, and the communities she lived in and worked with first in Poland, then in Italy, and ultimately in Great Britain.
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The study submits a critical edition of Jakobsonʼs notebook Основные тенденции старочеш[ ской] Lautgeschichte, written by hand in Russian in the 1920s, and its translation into Czech. The notebook describes the main tendencies of the Czech phonological development up to the 14th century. The work can be taken as a link between Jakobsonʼs earlier views on some aspects of the Czech phonological development (outlined for instance in his correspondence with Trubetzkoy) and his later brief overview concerning this topic in Remarques sur ľévolution phonologique du russe comparée à celle des autres langues slaves (1929).
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My research interests include culturemes, including those related to the Second World War, analysed in terms of translation within the Polish/French language pair. In my earlier work I examined culturemes related to the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. In this article, I propose to compare a few of the culturemes that emerged in the German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp Auschwitz-Birkenau, which I have chosen from the Polish short story Proszę państwa do gazu (This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen) by Tadeusz Borowski and its French versions, in two French translations entitled: Au gaz, messieurs-dames! translated by Geneviève Daude (Editions Polonia, 1960) and Aux douches, Mesdames et Messieurs! translated by Laurence Dyèvre and Éric Veaux (Christian Bourgois Editeur, 1992). In addi tion to comparing strategies for translating the selected culturemes into French, I reached for authentic documents to see if Polish culturemes specific to Auschwitz had French equivalents outside of literature. Culturemes, according to the definition in the Dystynktywny słownik synonimów by Alicja Nagórko, Marek Łaziński and Hanna Burkhardt (2004), are “important keywords for the self-identification of a community, characterising both its attitude to tradition, inherited values, as well as its coping with present time, its current experience of the world”. I include culturemes, created in the Polish language in the reality of the German occupation, among such lexical units of cultural and emotional character, as words of collective memory.
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This study is a continuation of the previous collaborative work regarding the analysis of the linguistic worldview of fête and its equivalents in Polish and Lithuanian, based on text corpora in the three languages. It revealed that, to under stand the concept of celebration in these cultures, the linguistic worldviews of jour, journée and their equivalents in Polish – dzień and in Lithuanian – diena should also be explored. Moreover, a partial synonymy between fête, jour and journée may result in their incorrect use of mainly word patterns, both lexical and syntactic, which can be a potential source of difficulties for French language learners. These observations were a starting point for the present study aiming to identify the linguistic worldviews of jour and journée in the sense of celebration and to compare them with their Polish and Lithuanian equivalents. This research is multidisciplinary, its objective being mainly didactic, yet the methodology is at the crossroads of corpus linguistics and cultural linguistics. Therefore, the paper starts with a focus on the integration of text corpora in foreign language teaching and with the definition of collocation being a key notion of corpus analysis. It is followed by a presentation of the results of our empirical study. It shows that the word journée is more frequently used than jour while talking about celebrations and that most of the events denoted by the analysed words are civil, not religious, as in the case of the words fête, święto and šventė. The corpus analysis provided word patterns of jour and journée that are applicable to French language teaching.
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