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Słownictwo rzemieślnicze w powieści Historia żółtej ciżemki Antoniny Domańskiej

Author(s): Renata Janicka-Szyszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The aim of this paper is to analyze and assess stylistic and perceptual functions of craftsmanship vocabulary in The story of a yellow shoe by Antonina Domańska, a historical novel of manners. The author attempted at reflecting the old culture of artisans as well as traditions and customs involved in becoming a craftsman. 64 craftsmanship lexical items were analyzed and this analysis shows that the terminology used back then was rich and served various functions. The presence of these lexical items in the Polish language dictionaries published in the twentieth and twenty first centuries is limited. Questionnaires were distributed among 12-year olds to investigate their understanding of craftsmen vocabulary. Most of these 12-year olds do not know or understand vocabulary typically used by craftsmen. In modern-day publications of the novel, one does not find explanations of these lexical items' meaning which makes novel's reception difficult.

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Eschatologiczny wymiar języka w polskich publikacjach Świadków Jehowy

Author(s): Elżbieta Jaroś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

In the religion of Jehovah's Witnesses, particular importance is attributed to eschatology, by means of which religious leaders interpret: the content of the Bible, as well as contemporary political and social events. Skillful use of words, as well as a selection of linguistic means allows religious hierarchs affect using the language on the structure of community and the behavior of its individual members. Although the organization does not already provide specific dates of the end of the world and uses only suggestions, applied to the twentieth century eschatological narrative determined the specificity of the language in Polish Watchtower publications and also specificity of speech used by members of the organization. The present article sketches eschatological dimension of language in Polish publications of Jehovah's Witnesses, in order to specify the meaning and the function that language plays in the life of a religious community.

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Grzecznosc jezykowa w XXI wieku na przykładzie polskich i południowokoreanskich programów telewizyjnych z 2020 roku

Author(s): Kalina Maria Taczkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2022

The article discusses the honorific forms of Polish and Korean languages based on dialogues from Polish and South Korean series and entertainment programs broadcast on popular TV channels in 2020. Cultural and social conditions of honorific usage is characterized and distinguished with a view to its lexical exponents. Additionally, Polish and Korean address forms are compared, and the influence of the communicative situation on their use is investigated.

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Barwy polszczyzny w powieści Anny Cieplak "Rozpływaj się"

Author(s): Włodzimierz Moch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The aim of the article is to show the lexical and stylistic diversity of the Polish language used in Upper Silesia, presented by Anna Cieplak, and to indicate the linguistic and cultural processes which the language of younger and older generations living in this region undergoes. The most important of them include the disappearance of the Silesian dialect in the speech of the thirty-year-old heroes and the intensification of vulgarization of the language as a result of the lack of professional and personal prospects in their lives. The lexical layer of the novel is dominated by the colloquial version of the Polish language along with youth slang, with a large number of Anglicisms, and a smaller number – Germanisms, mainly from the sphere of the Internet and stimulants. One can speak of the lexical-stylistic hybridity of the description of the world as a tool for expressing its diversity and complex identity of Silesians.

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Lingwistyczny rodowód barona Kudkudaka

Author(s): Henryk Duda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article analyzes the origin of the nickname Kudkudak. It is carried by one of the supporting characters of Andrzej Sapkowski’s The Witcher saga. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this onomatopeic personal name is not an individual neologism of Sapkowski. In various phonetic variants, it occurs in Borderland Polish, from where it found its way into literary texts. Its source is most likely the Ukrainian word kudkudák (кудкудак), which means the voice of a hen, is an imitation of the voice of a hen. Sapkowski›s source of inspiration was either the Polish language of his family on his father’s side or children’s literature, most likely Jan Brzechwa›s poem Kokoszka-smakoszka.

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"Szczęśliwe dni" Stefana Badeniego jako źródło socjolektu łowieckiego dwudziestolecia międzywojennego

Author(s): Renata Janicka-Szyszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The subject of the research in the following article is the language of the hunters from the beginning of the 20th century depicted in memoirs “The Happy Days” by Stefan Badeni. The linguistic analysis proves that in accordance with the thesis by Bogdan Walczak, from the areas of historic sociolinguistics, the language used by the author constitutes a precious source for research connected with hunters’ sociolects, showing typical items as well as those rare in usage. The before mentioned linguist proves the balanced and regular usage and also variety in hunters’ sociolect. Moreover, there are also terms not recorded before in branch dictionaries but the usage in context shows the items were fixed in the hunters’ sociolect during the interwar period. The characteristic language for Badeni presents diminutive forms of sociolectal items as well as lexical and semantic innovations created due to modifications of dialectal names.

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Ogólne nazwy złodzieja w dawnym żargonie przestępczym

Author(s): Jarosław Grzegorz Pacuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article concerns the history of Polish criminal jargon. The author presented 13. names of thieves. He extracted linguistic material from 19th-century texts, but some of the collected units are much older. The author presented the provenance of the names (some comments are just suggestions, hypotheses). Among the names discussed are, for example: andrus, buchacz, labun, szawron, szemrany.

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Polyglot páter Otakar Method Pecháček. První lektor českého jazyka při káhirské univerzitě

Author(s): Šárka Velhartická / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

There is not much official information regarding the personality of the orientalist Otakar Pecháček (born in Přeštice on 29 March 1901). The paper is based on fragmentary documents from various Czech archives and on references about Pecháček in the posterior prosaic literature, e. g. in the memoirs of the Abbot in Břevnov monastery Anastáz Opasek, in the war reports by Jiří Mucha or by the war journalist in Cairo Eduard Rulf that referred to him as to a linguistic genius. The paper is amended with six letters of his that are kept in the Náprstek Museum. Otakar Pecháček came from a family with a strong interest in Oriental cultures and he was encouraged to study languages from his early youth. His grandfather was the Pilsen mayor František Pecháček and his father the Pilsner brew master. After graduating at the military academy, Otakar Pecháček studied law and travelled through Europe and Latin America. In the 1920s he entered the Břevnov monastery and studied Arabic and Hebrew and, after falling ill with tuberculosis, he left for Egypt. He improved his Arabic here, at the same time, he mastered some of local dialects as his correspondence shows. In the 1950s, Pecháček worked as a Czech language lecturer at Cairo University, at the time when the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology was being established. The letters where Pecháček describes in detail the linguistic milieu in which he moved in during the 1930s in Egypt and his encounters with several important academics both from Egypt and abroad – linguists, historians and archaeologists – represent a valuable and unique testimony.

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Namen im südlichen Ermland. Beobachtungen zur Tätigkeit von Komisja Ustalania Nazw Miejscowości am Beispiel von Toponymen der Gemeinden Gietrzwałd und Stawiguda

Author(s): Magdalena Lidia Lobert / Language(s): German Issue: 19/2023

In the article, selected names of places in southern Warmia will be discussed and subjected to linguistic analysis. On this basis, the division of these toponyms will be made in terms of the linguistic affiliation of their morphemes, which have their source in Polish, German and Prussian. The history of the activity of the Commission for the Determination of Place Names will also be presented, which after World War II, immediately after the incorporation of Warmia into the Polish state, began intensive work on giving German names their Polish equivalents. The collected material will make it possible to formulate the methods most likely used by the Commission during its work, as well as to show conclusions regarding the impact of national identity and state policy on changes in the naming of places in Warmia.

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Z dystansem i ironią. Zofia Kozarynowa (1890-1992)

Author(s): Jan Piskurewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

The year 2022 marks 30 years since the passing of Zofia Kozarynowa - a writer, publicist, translator, Polish language instructor at the University of Turin between 1929 and 1939, Polish emigration literature nestor. The paper presents Kozarynowa’s biography and her large output, as well as describes this interesting and controversial personality that stimulated her versatile activity. Additionally, it shows the family and social circle from which she originated, and the communities she lived in and worked with first in Poland, then in Italy, and ultimately in Great Britain.

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Nepublikovaná studie Fomana Jakobsona Hlavní tendence staročeského hláskového vývoje

Author(s): Robert Dittmann,Anastasia Rozhkova / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5 (Suppl.)/2023

The study submits a critical edition of Jakobsonʼs notebook Основные тенденции старочеш[ ской] Lautgeschichte, written by hand in Russian in the 1920s, and its translation into Czech. The notebook describes the main tendencies of the Czech phonological development up to the 14th century. The work can be taken as a link between Jakobsonʼs earlier views on some aspects of the Czech phonological development (outlined for instance in his correspondence with Trubetzkoy) and his later brief overview concerning this topic in Remarques sur ľévolution phonologique du russe comparée à celle des autres langues slaves (1929).

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Безэквивалентные лексические едининцы в преподавании русского языка как иностранного в сопоставлении с немецким и польским

Author(s): Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski,Svetlana Ahlborn / Language(s): Russian Issue: 185/2024

Any natural language contains several lexical units that do not have equivalents in other language systems. In certain languages, we can observe linguistic units that have a cultural background, as they are associated with the history, customs, and experience of a given people and their linguistic imagery of the world. These units are especially noticeable when we compare any languages, compile bilingual and multilingual phraseological or explanatory dictionaries, teach foreign languages or do translation work. In our study, using Russian-language educational materials, language intuition, and corpus data, we collected, analyzed, and classified examples of lingua-specific words and expressions for which due to linguistic realities there are non-translational communicative correlates in German and Polish. Our observations could be of interest not only for researchers and teachers but also for foreign language learners.

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Culturèmes polonais extraits de Proszę państwa do gazu de Tadeusz Borowski et leurs traductions en français

Author(s): Anna Ciostek / Language(s): French Issue: 23/2023

My research interests include culturemes, including those related to the Second World War, analysed in terms of translation within the Polish/French language pair. In my earlier work I examined culturemes related to the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. In this article, I propose to compare a few of the culturemes that emerged in the German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp Auschwitz-Birkenau, which I have chosen from the Polish short story Proszę państwa do gazu (This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen) by Tadeusz Borowski and its French versions, in two French translations entitled: Au gaz, messieurs-dames! translated by Geneviève Daude (Editions Polonia, 1960) and Aux douches, Mesdames et Messieurs! translated by Laurence Dyèvre and Éric Veaux (Christian Bourgois Editeur, 1992). In addi tion to comparing strategies for translating the selected culturemes into French, I reached for authentic documents to see if Polish culturemes specific to Auschwitz had French equivalents outside of literature. Culturemes, according to the definition in the Dystynktywny słownik synonimów by Alicja Nagórko, Marek Łaziński and Hanna Burkhardt (2004), are “important keywords for the self-identification of a community, characterising both its attitude to tradition, inherited values, as well as its coping with present time, its current experience of the world”. I include culturemes, created in the Polish language in the reality of the German occupation, among such lexical units of cultural and emotional character, as words of collective memory.

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Jour, journée au sens de ‘fête’ et leurs équivalents collocationnels en polonais et lituanien : défis pour le fle

Author(s): Agnieszka Dryjańska,Vitalija Kazlauskienė / Language(s): French Issue: 23/2023

This study is a continuation of the previous collaborative work regarding the analysis of the linguistic worldview of fête and its equivalents in Polish and Lithuanian, based on text corpora in the three languages. It revealed that, to under stand the concept of celebration in these cultures, the linguistic worldviews of jour, journée and their equivalents in Polish – dzień and in Lithuanian – diena should also be explored. Moreover, a partial synonymy between fête, jour and journée may result in their incorrect use of mainly word patterns, both lexical and syntactic, which can be a potential source of difficulties for French language learners. These observations were a starting point for the present study aiming to identify the linguistic worldviews of jour and journée in the sense of celebration and to compare them with their Polish and Lithuanian equivalents. This research is multidisciplinary, its objective being mainly didactic, yet the methodology is at the crossroads of corpus linguistics and cultural linguistics. Therefore, the paper starts with a focus on the integration of text corpora in foreign language teaching and with the definition of collocation being a key notion of corpus analysis. It is followed by a presentation of the results of our empirical study. It shows that the word journée is more frequently used than jour while talking about celebrations and that most of the events denoted by the analysed words are civil, not religious, as in the case of the words fête, święto and šventė. The corpus analysis provided word patterns of jour and journée that are applicable to French language teaching.

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EXPLORING THE CHANGING STATUS OF SIX SLAVIC LANGUAGES: A HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY OVERVIEW

Author(s): Antony Hoyte-West / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The current study provides an exploratory historical and contemporary overview of the status and development of six major Slavic languages: Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Polish, Slovak, and Slovenian. In terms of scope, it is noteworthy that all six of these languages are now official languages of the European Union, as well as of their specific nation-states. However, the status of these languages has not been constant over time, and on occasion these languages have been repressed and pushed underground. Accordingly, by presenting the relevant individual linguistic case studies, this literature-based contribution outlines the historical and socio-political trajectory of each of these six languages, with a particular focus on events from the nineteenth century onwards. As a consequence, the preliminary analysis undertaken in this study indicates a number of common features between the six case studies. In addition, this is apparent even regarding those languages which were spoken in areas that were part of different kingdoms, empires, and republics and where drastically different language policies were pursued. Hence, points for further expansion of this research study are posited, including the incorporation of a wider range of case studies to include those Slavic languages spoken as national languages outside of the EU context, as well as possible comparative work with those Slavic languages which are minority languages or are minoritized at present.

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Od narodu szlacheckiego do narodu wszystkich warstw – tworzenie się nowoczesnego narodu polskiego w XIX w. i na początku XX w.

Author(s): Tadeusz Stegner / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

In the nineteenth century on Polish lands we are dealing with rapid civilizational, economic and social changes. State divisions are gradually disappearing. New structures are formed. These changes also apply to national issues. We can say that in the nineteenth century the concept of nation changed: from a political nation of the nobility to a nation of ethnic Polish origin, where language and religion played a significant role. The Polish peasant population, Polish bourgeoisie, and workers to a large extent integrated with the Polish nation, joined the Polish landed gentry and intelligentsia. A nation was emerging, encompassing all social strata. On the other hand, the non-Polish-speaking Ukrainian, Belarusian, Lithuanian and Jewish communities began to define their nationality not as Polish, but more and more often as Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Jewish to a lesser extent, or Belarusian. These processes will intensify in the interwar period, when we will be dealing with an independent Polish state implementing its nationality policy.

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Лінгвокультуреми оселедець – śledź в українській і польській мовних картинах світу

Author(s): Iryna Kononenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2024

The article studies the peculiarities of functioning of the linguoculturemes of the Ukrainian and Polish languages оселедець – śledź (‘herring’) in a comparative aspect. The material of the two languages is considered against the background of the use of words with a component denoting herring in various European languages. It has been found that the Ukrainian word and the Polish word are the centers of linguistic and cultural fields, which fundamentally differ from each other. The words оселедець and śledź in different meanings, phraseological units, proverbs with these words have become an important part of the worldview of the Ukrainians and the Poles.

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POLSKO-BUŁGАRSKI WKŁAD W ROZWÓJ WIROLINGWISTYKI

Author(s): Iliana Genew-Puhalewa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

A review of: Długosz, Natalia & Andreana Eftimova. Postcovid Syndrome in the Language. A Polish-Bulgarian Case Study (Experimental Research Report) [original title in Polish: Syndrom postcovidowy w języku. Polskobułgarskie studium przypadku (raport z badań eksperymentalnych)]. Poznan: Adam Mickiewicz University Press, 2023. ISBN: 9788323242062, 9788323242079 (pdf), 140 pp.

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НОВА МОНОГРАФИЯ ВЪРХУ ПОЛСКО-БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЛИТЕРАТУРНИ И КУЛТУРНИ ВРЪЗКИ

Author(s): Maya Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

A review of: Grigorova, Margreta & Jarosław Ławski, eds. Bulgaria and Poland: Literary and Cultural Parallels. A collective volume. Bialystok: Temida 2, 2022. ISBN 978-83-67169-06-6, 300 pp. (Original title in Polish: Bułgaria i Polska – paralele literackie i kulturowe. Studia.)

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Деепричастие как зона риска

Author(s): Liudmila Valova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2023

The article is devoted to the Russian adverbial participle and the peculiarities of its functioning. The article deals with the reasons for the difficult perception of this grammatical topic by Czech students. The Russian adverbial participle is more actively used in modern speech in comparison with the Czech, which is perceived today rather as archaism. For this reason, Czech students hardly understand the features of the functioning of Russian adverbial participle, expression of taxis semantics in combination with a predicate. The complexity of the perception of this topic is also connected, according to the author, with the discrepancy between Czech and Russian linguistic terminology. The article presents data from various Czech textbooks on the Russian language. Recommendations and practical tasks are offered that will help the teacher when working on this complex grammatical material.

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