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EUGENIU COȘERIU AND HIS MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO GENERAL LINGUISTICS. LINGUISTICS AND SEMIOTICS

Author(s): Marius Golea / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

Eugeniu Coșeriu had a meta-linguistic and multidisciplinary approach to language’s phenomenon, by using all scientific instruments he could find, from linguistics to philosophy and history – amongst these, a central role was performed by semiotics. Employing semiotics meant, amongst others: using semiotic categories, identifying semiotic phenomena in language, searching for psychological explanations regarding philological processes, and identifying the semiotics’ role for interpreting the world. In the present paper we are analyzing Coșeriu’s use of semiotics in order to further widening and advancing his meta-linguistical vision upon linguistics. We have used the qualitative research method as defined by Zoltán Dörney. (2011: 24 and the followings). We have aimed to argue the multidisciplinary character of Coșeriu’s general linguistics and his extraordinary capacity of using notions from a wide variety of science branches in order to accomplish an existential meta-vision on communication.

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INTERNATIONAL WORDS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL VOCABULARY

Author(s): Floriana-Diana PIRLOGEA (NAGHIBAUR) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

Because pharmacology is a field developed for people everywhere, it is necessary for specialists to use, among other phrases, international words too. These are characterized, on the one hand, by the identical meaning in several languages, on the other hand, by a similar sound envelope. The purpose of this article is to highlight, through a comparative analysis, that some pharmaceutical words can fit into an international scientific vocabulary.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY

Author(s): Alexandra Burghelea-Arabu / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 33/2023

The origin of any language has as its main purpose to serve as an exclusive mean of communication, however this process varies according to the orator who use different linguistic variants, in order to express a certain word, according to the ages of the speakers, but also to the history of the country. The main purpose of this article is to explain why communication is important in everyday life, but also to show that there is an enormous variety of ways through which we can communicate: signs and signals, gestural language, mime language, but the easiest modality that allows us to carry out communication itself is given by the language.

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A STUDY ON TRANSLATING HIGHLY SPECIALIZED TERMINOLOGY IN PHARMACEUTICAL TEXTS

Author(s): Ana-Maria Mangher (Chitac) / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

This study aims to investigate the intricacies of translating highly specialized medical terms, providing practical insights and strategies in order to overcome the challenges encountered when dealing with the translation of Patient Information Leaflets. Despite the fact that many scholars have acknowledged the difficulty of translating medical/pharmaceutical terms formed by noun phrases having a complex premodification, there are still few studies that propose an analysis in order to find a solution to this problem. Starting from the theoretical approaches available on this topic and analysing the examples taken from the corpus of texts under investigation, we have aimed to observe if we could establish certain regularities in the translation of these terms. While we could identify certain patterns only in a few situations, most of the analysed terms were characterized by a high variability which proved that transposing them might be problematic even for experienced translators.

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CONTEXTUAL VALUES OF THE IMPERFECT IN THE CURRENT ROMANIAN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Mirela-Alina Oprescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

No linguist or grammarian proposed the status of mode for the imperfect. The new modal meanings attached to the imperfect are: counterfactuality and distancing. The prelude would allow marking the unreality of the facts imagined by a child. Therefore, the prelude forms would serve to express two types of modality: an epistemic one, in which the transition from the real world to the imaginary one, of the game ("reality-switching") is marked, and one of the illocutionary, as specified by the authors: Berthonneau & Kleiber (1994), Anscombre (2004), Patard and Richard. We note that similar epistemic modal effects have been observed in other uses of the imperfect by authors such as; Adam (1992), Gosselin (1999), Berthonneau & Kleiber (2003), Bres (2006), being associated with counter-real processes (eg: "Un pas de plus et elle était dehors.") or hypothetical (eg: " Si j'étais riche, je partirais aux Maldives.». Thus, modal values leave open all possible perspectives: follow-up, inflection or process interruption, as specified by S. Mellet (1988: 10).

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О коммуникативных средствах, реализующих стратегию речевого ответа

Author(s): Turkana Abbas Israfilli / Language(s): Russian Issue: 12/2022

The article examines the communicative strategies of language response. The novelty of the research is the detailed study of psychological impact and the analytical possibilities of response speech tactics. The article uses the descriptive-comparative method of linguistics. Considering the psychological nature of speech communication, the human character's relation to the speech strategies, including the speech response strategies, is considered. It is noted that repetitive questions as a response are syntagmatic.

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ASPECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ON THE CURRENT ROMANIAN VOCABULARY

Author(s): Magdalena Pruneanu / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

The general tendency of the current language is for English borrowings to be assimilated and used in their original form. Placing some borrowings in one category or another is a fluctuating process. Thus, a series of fluctuations can be recorded regarding the status of some borrowed words that have become necessary over time because their frequent use and acceptance by Romanian speakers.

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ARGUMENTATION, DISTORTION, „INCOHERENCE”. REGARDING SPANISH PAREMIOLOGIC PATTERNS STRUCTURED AROUND CERTAIN RELIGIOUS TERMS

Author(s): Dana-Luminița Teleoacă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

The analysis that we propose in this research provides a series of arguments in favour of the fact that the Spanish paremiologic discourse (patterns with religious terms) represent an organic discourse, within which the redundancies, the inconsistencies or/and the ignorance of the sender are far from defining themselves as essential coordinates of articulating this type of literature. Thus, in the case of several of the discussed patterns, the explanatory sequence doesn’t have the attribute of redundancy, the analysed distortive elements revealing in particular the intentional and, at a much lower degree, the ignorance of the popular creator. In this context, even the potential inconsistencies are questionable, many of the antagonistic phrastic variants proving themselves to be, at a closer look, pseudo antagonisms/false antagonistic structures.

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LES ADJECTIFS DITS AMBIGUS EN FRANÇAIS: UN DEFI POUR LA COMPREHENSION SEMANTIQUE

Author(s): Mădălina TOADER / Language(s): French Issue: 34/2023

The challenge of understanding the semantic nuances of ambiguous adjectives lies in their ability to have multiple meanings or interpretations depending on the context. These adjectives can make communication more complex and require in-depth analysis to determine their precise meaning in a given sentence. This research contributes to improving our understanding of the mechanisms of linguistic semantics and how ambiguous adjectives are used in communication through concrete examples. Ultimately, the article highlights the importance of recognizing and managing these ambiguous adjectives for more effective communication and better linguistic comprehension.

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THE PRONOUN IN LINGUISTIC POLITENESS

Author(s): Mădălina Chirilă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

This study aims to identify, describe and analyze the strategies of positive and negative politeness with pronoun as their central element, in contemporary Romanian advertising discourse. In specialized works, linguistic politeness strategies are generally presented, overlooking the significant role played by the lexico-grammatical class of pronouns. This is primarily specialized in negative politeness, considering the maintenance of distance from the receiver through the use of polite pronouns.

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Quantitative linguistic analysis of Czech sign language

Author(s): Petr Vysuček / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2022

Review of: Jiří Langer, Jan Andres, Martina Benešová, Dan Faltýnek, Quantitative linguistic analysis of Czech sign language, ISBN: 978-80-244-5727-7 | ISBN online: 978-80-244-5728-4 | DOI: 10.5507/pdf.20.24457277

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Multimodalność w relacjach z działań komunikacyjnych

Author(s): Celina Heliasz-Nowosielska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 77/2021

The article presents selected results of the pilot part of an experimental study on reporting multimodal communication activities by adult speakers of Polish. The starting point of the experiment was theoretical and empirical research on the involvement of various modalities in communication activities, in addition to words, intonation, prosody, facial expressions, gestures, movements of the whole body and its parts (Austin 1962; Kendon 1994, 2000, 2004; Poggi 2007; Hellbernd & Sammler 2016). In order to obtain data for the analysis, 23 fragments of documentary films from the collection of the Archives of the Film School in Łódź were presented to 101 adults, who differed in terms of age, sex and education. The participants of the experiment were asked to report on what the characters were doing. The result of the study was a database that included recordings of both the communication activities and the reports on them. The pilot part of the study covered the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 10 fragments of films. We analysed the meaning and reference of the vocabulary used by the participants to report on the multimodal communication activities observed in the films, the frequency of expressions used in the reports, as well as the discrepancies in the reports. The analysis showed that if a given turn was a composition or a sequence of activities of different modalities, the speaker could report on each of these activities separately or use a single qualifier to describe a whole group of activities. Such qualifiers can be both the names of performative acts and the names of actions of any specific modality. If the conversation changes in terms of modality, then it can be perceived by individual observers through the lens of the various episodes that make up the conversation. Certain actions are sometimes more often taken into account or omitted, which shows differences in the level of importance that speakers attach to different types of activities.

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Strukturalna analiza dowcipu – o modelu izotopijno-dysjunkcyjnym Salvatore Attardy z perspektywy kilku dekad

Author(s): Anna Krasowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 78/2022

The paper critically discusses the isotopy-disjunction model (IDM) developed by Salvatore Attardo for the analysis of verbal and referential jokes. We present the main assumptions of the IDM model, focusing on issues such as isotopy, isotopy triggers and narrative functions. The paper also addresses subsequent attempts to develop the IDM model, including the present author’s proposal to increase the number of triggers.

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Functions of characters’ proper names in Jingo by Terry Pratchett

Author(s): Martyna Katarzyna Gibka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article is devoted to functions served by characters’ proper names in Jingo by Terry Pratchett. The analysis of 258 characteronyms is based on the theory of two acts (Gibka 2019). For the study to be conducted, the models of the naming act and the act of using a name in Jingo were created. The first part of the article deals with secondary permanent functions which are performed from the moment a character is named. The second part of the article focuses on secondary momentary functions which emerge in individual uses of particular proper names.

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Pragmalinguistische Analyse von Blick-Phraseologismen in neuphilologischen und medizinischen Wissenschaftstexten des Deutschen

Author(s): Joanna Targońska / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2022

This article is devoted to the phraseology of scientific German. It aims to analyse and describe the use of phrasemes with the component Blick in German scientific texts from a range of humanities disciplines and medical sciences. Based on corpus research, the analysis reveals which types of phrasemes with the component in question occur in medical scientific texts and which of them belong to general scientific German, occurring in texts in a variety of scientific fields. In the article, the meanings of the examined phrasemes in scientific language are provided and their pragmatic potential is discussed. In addition, the examined phrasemes are analysed in a selection of general and phraseological dictionaries and some recommendations for updating or altering lexicographic entries are provided.

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Kannst du noch weniger beitragen? Zu Spezifik und Subbotschaften von rhetorischen Fragen

Author(s): Iwona Wowro / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

Rhetorical questions do not represent an independent type of questions and do not have a specific grammatical form but occur as a complex phenomenon with blurred boundaries that are set by the situational context. They violate the maxim of quality and do not fulfil the conditions for successful questioning since they have nothing in common with real questions except for their grammatical form. In the theoretical part of the article, their specificity and types are briefly presented, whereas the empirical part discusses their conventionalized structure and a few illocutionary indicators that point to rhetoricity as well as to the reinterpretation of the utterance.. The findings clearly show the ironic potential of rhetorical questions.

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Nazwy miejscowości w gminie Rzeczenica w województwie pomorskim

Author(s): Zenon Piotr Lica / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article focuses on names of towns and villages in the municipality of Rzeczenica in the Pomerania Province, Poland. 120 Polish and German names were collected (including phonetic and morphemic variants) to be subjected to structural as well as geneticetymological and semantic analysis. Among the analysed names, most are topographic. The second most numerous group were possessive names, followed by cultural and family/ ancestral names. Structurally, the Polish names are primary as well as secondary, while the German ones are occasionally primary and most often composite. There also appear Slavic-German hybrids. Regarding linguistic matters, it is worth emphasizing that the analysed research material contains dialectal elements, both Low German and Kashubian. The collected data also allow one to draw conclusions as to the settlement chronology – Slavic as well as from periods of German and Teutonic colonisation, and later times.

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Multimodalitätsforschung – Fähigkeit, die jeweils andere(n) Sprache(n) sprechen zu können

Author(s): Katarzyna Sierak / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2023

Review of: J. Wildfeuer, J.A. Bateman, T. Hiippala: Multimodalität. Grundlagen, Forschung und Analyse – eine problemorientierte Einführung. Walter de Gruyter Verlag. Berlin/Boston 2020, ss. 424.

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Wieloznaczna semantyka czerni w „Metamorfozach” Owidiusza

Author(s): Marta Czapińska-Bambara,Zbigniew Danek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The subject of this study is how and in what scope Ovid uses the terms of blackness (ater, niger, pullus, piceus, fuscus) occurring in Latin in his Metamorphoses. Particular attention is paid to those places in the poem where this blackness enhances the dynamics of the situations described by the poet, gaining at the same time a specific axiological qualification, and also justifies through its presence the conventional use of the colour as an expression of mourning. This non-typical usage of the terms mentioned above leads to the conclusion that in this aspect of his poetic creativity, Ovid depicts the mythical reality he presents in an absolutely non-imitative manner, but rather full of at times surprising expressionistic colour associations.

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Greckie wyrazy βόρατον, βράθυ, βουρί jako przykłady zapożyczenia wielokrotnego

Author(s): Elwira Kaczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The aim of the article is to review three Hellenic plant names of Semitic origin (βόρατον, βράθυ and βουρί) in the light of ancient language contacts in the eastern area of the Mediterranean world. These dendronyms, denoting different species of conifers from the Cupressaceae family (i.e. stinking juniper, Juniperus foetidissima Willd., savin juniper, Juniperus sabina L., Mediterranean cypress, Cupressus sempervirens L.) represent multiple borrowings, the ultimate source of which was the Proto-Semitic term *burāṯ ‘juniper’.

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