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ВИЯВ НЕГАТИВНИХ ЕМОЦІЙ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ, РОСІЙСЬКІЙ І АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ: МОВЛЕННЄВИЙ ЖАНР ПРОКЛЯТТЯ

ВИЯВ НЕГАТИВНИХ ЕМОЦІЙ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ, РОСІЙСЬКІЙ І АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ: МОВЛЕННЄВИЙ ЖАНР ПРОКЛЯТТЯ

Author(s): Vira Slipets’ka / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2013

The article focuses on the peculiarities of presentation of the speech genre of cursing in Ukrainian, Russian and English linguistic cultures. It has been emphasized that such kind of paremia as cursing verbalizes the communicative law of absorption of negative emotions. Curse words occupy a certain place in a concept field “Conflict” that has its peculiar structure. Curse words verbalize the consequences of the conflict as it is expressed in different linguistic cultures.

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Вклад профессора С. Кохмана в разработку проблематики польско-русских языковых контактов

Вклад профессора С. Кохмана в разработку проблематики польско-русских языковых контактов

Author(s): Liudmila Pavlovna Garbulj / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2011

The article provides a short review of investigations of the Polish-Russian and Polish-East Slavonic language contacts in 15th –19th cc. of the noted Polish specialist in the philology of the Slavs professor S. Kochman, and his valuable contribution in the working out of these problems.

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Владетелят | Двуезично издание
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Владетелят | Двуезично издание

Author(s): Niccolò Machiavelli / Language(s): Bulgarian,Italian / Publication Year: 2014

„The Prince” was written by Niccolo' Machiavelli in the 1500s. It has continued to be a best seller in many languages. The Prince is a classic book that explores the attainment, maintenance, and utilization of political power in the western world. Machiavelli wrote The Prince to demonstrate his skill in the art of the state, presenting advice on how a prince might acquire and hold power. Machiavelli defended the notion of rule by force rather than by law. Accordingly, The Prince seems to rationalize a number of actions done solely to perpetuate power. It is an examination of power-its attainment, development, and successful use.

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ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ФОРМА СЛОВА И НАИМЕНОВАНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Emiliya Agafonovna Balalykina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2013

Using the material of Russian or Common Slavic names, the article studies the characteristics that became the basis for naming animals. The basic ways of nomination of animals and birds (by similarity, feature, action, etc.) are defined. Bird names as a specific group of zoonyms are analyzed separately. Particular attention is paid to taboo words and synonymy within certain names of animals.

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Водка: русизм или полонизм? Историко-этимологический этюд
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Водка: русизм или полонизм? Историко-этимологический этюд

Author(s): Viktor Moiseenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2012

This paper deals with the etymology of the word vodka . The author cites both strictly linguistic and extra linguistic evidence in support of his argument that this word, which has penetrated numerous languages throughout the world, is of Polish origin

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Вторая международная конференция по старообрядчеству в Торуни

Вторая международная конференция по старообрядчеству в Торуни

Author(s): Nadezhda Morozova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2012

6–7 сентября 2012 г. в Институте славянской филологии Торуньского университета им. Николая Коперника (Польша) состоялась вторая международная научная конференция “Старообрядцы в зарубежье: история, религия, язык, культура”, посвященная, как было сказано в информационном сообщении, “разнообразным аспектам жизни старообрядцев вне России и за пределами юрисдикции Русской православной церкви”1. В работе конференции приняли участие исследователи из Польши, России, Украины, Литвы, Эстонии, Японии и Австралии. Всего на конференции было прочитано около 40 докладов.

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Выявление лакун и их классификация в терминологии предметной области «связи с общественностью» (на материале английского и русского языков)

Author(s): Jelena Alexandrovna Nečajeva / Language(s): English,Russian / Issue: 23-24/2015

In the beginning of the paper the author defines a problem, gives the definitions of theconcepts a “non-equivalent word”, a “lexical gap" and "gapping". The central part of thepaper is dedicated to the selected study subject: Russian PR-gaps on the English languagebackground. The author makes an attempt to analyze the Public Relations gaps on the basis ofthe classification offered by Z. D. Popova, I. А. Sternin, M. А. Sternina. The important part ofthis paper is devoted to the methods of the cross-language PR-gaps discovery and the ways oflexical gaps filling. Тhe problem of a concept and a non-equivalent word correlation isconsidered and numerous examples from PR sphere are given.

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Гендерные стереотипы в русской рекламе
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Гендерные стереотипы в русской рекламе

Author(s): Valeriy Efremov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2016

Modern advertisement not only transmits traditional stereotypes into society but also creates new gender ones, which define the gender aspect of the modern consumer’s life-vision. Cognitive units as gender stereotype or gender asymmetries play important roles in creating and reception of a commercial text because if they are used incorrectly, they might cause a gender conflict. A plan for analysis of a commercial text which helps to explicate its gender subcomponent is provided in the conclusion of the article along with typical exercises for students on advertisement analysis.

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Генеалогия дискурса и проблема языковых изменений

Генеалогия дискурса и проблема языковых изменений

Author(s): Michail L. Kotin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 126/2009

The objective of this analysis is twofold, namely, it discusses the relations between discourse in its historical dimension, and the grammatical change in the sphere of Germanic connectors. The earliest autochthonic monuments of the Old High German epoch demonstrate a high degree of syntactic iconicity by encoding temporal relations, while causality, conditionality, finality etc. seem in the majority of examples analyzed in this study to be directly derived from the temporal relation. The study verified the hypotheses that the types of syntactic clause connection are dominated by the character of the discourse. Thus, the narrative discourse type originally preferred a “plane” type of connection between the matrix and the depended clause, while the development of the argumentative type was accorded by the growth of the number of connectors, the metaphorical change of their original temporality and the complication of the sentence structure.

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ГЛАГОЛИ SER И ESTAR У ШПАНСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ И ЊИХОВИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ У СРПСКОМ

ГЛАГОЛИ SER И ESTAR У ШПАНСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ И ЊИХОВИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ У СРПСКОМ

Author(s): Aleksandar Т. Tanasijević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 64/2017

Este estudio se ha realizado para investigar los usos de los verbos españoles SER y ESTAR, y para encontrar sus equivalentes serbios. El corpus de este trabajo se basa en las gramáticas y en los manuales gramaticales en español y serbio. En el trabajo comparamos los aspectos sintáctico-semánticos de español y serbio mediante el análisis contrastivo. El análisis que hemos llevado a cabo demuestra que sí existen equivalentes entre los verbos SER y ESTAR y los verbos serbios. Los resultados demuestran que el equivalente de los verbos españoles mencionados se encuentra en el verbo serbio biti, que, igual que los verbos SER y ESTAR, puede funcionar como verbo predicativo o puede formar parte del predicado nominal.

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Глаголи кретања у српском и њихови енглески еквиваленти у роману Руски прозор Драгана Великића

Author(s): Sanja M. Brdar / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 6/2016

In this paper we observe verbs with meaning of human self-movement on land, with the use of one’s own limbs in Serbian and English language. These verbs will be classified into several groups according to two main criteria - dominant diferential sema and direction of movement. The examples are drawn from the novel Russian Window published in these two languages. The aim of the research is to point out the similarities and differences in the use of these verbs in both languages, in sintactic and semantic level. Here we especially discuss the verbs with prefixes in Serbian and phrasal verbs in English.

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ГЛАГОЛСКИ ОБЛИЦИ ЗА ИСКАЗИВАЊЕ ПРОШЛОСТИ У ПРИПОВЕЦИ ЗАПИС О ДАРОВИМА МОЈЕ РОЂАКЕ МАРИЈЕ... МОМЧИЛА НАСТАСИЈЕВИЋА И ЊИХОВИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ У ПРЕВОДУ НА ЕНГЛЕСКИ ЈЕЗИК

ГЛАГОЛСКИ ОБЛИЦИ ЗА ИСКАЗИВАЊЕ ПРОШЛОСТИ У ПРИПОВЕЦИ ЗАПИС О ДАРОВИМА МОЈЕ РОЂАКЕ МАРИЈЕ... МОМЧИЛА НАСТАСИЈЕВИЋА И ЊИХОВИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ У ПРЕВОДУ НА ЕНГЛЕСКИ ЈЕЗИК

Author(s): Aleksandra D. Rakić,Ana Vučićević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 68/2019

The paper examines certain formal and stylistic facets of the past timereference forms in Momčilo Nastasijević’s short story A Note about the gifts from mycousin Marija as well as their equivalents in English translation. The analysis showedstructural diversity and high degree of stylistic efficiency of these forms in the Serbianlanguage along with, primarily stylistic, departures in translation. The departureswere observed through the prism of different syntactic and stylistic potential of thetwo languages in question as well as from the perspective of potentially differenttranslation solutions.

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Глаголскиот вид во негираните форми на императивот во македонскиот јазик и во чешкиот јазик
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Глаголскиот вид во негираните форми на императивот во македонскиот јазик и во чешкиот јазик

Author(s): Maksim Karanfilovski / Language(s): Macedonian / Publication Year: 0

V negativních a imperativních tvarech v textech s významem rada, doporučení nebo upozornění se v makedonštině používá v podstatě nedokonalý vid. Na rozdíl od makeodnštiny se v češtině v různých textech používají oba vidy s tím, že určitou přednost má nedokonavý vid.

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Глагольные и номинативные сравнения в польской и украинской фразеологии

Глагольные и номинативные сравнения в польской и украинской фразеологии

Author(s): Natalija Demjanenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: XVII/2015

Fixed comparisons are the source of idiomatic comparisons. Comparative phraseologydemonstrates a wide range of culturally conditioned ideas of Poles and Ukrainians and thecompositions of phraseological unit core components are embedded in culturally-rooted systems.The aim of this study was to identify intelligence and analyze Polish phraseological units withthe comparison component and find their equivalents in the Ukrainian language. Basic principlesconcerning the structuring of Polish comparative phrases are similar to those in Ukrainian, althoughthere are examples where the grammatical form of a phraseological unit or its part does not matchthe grammatical equivalent category in the Ukrainian language.

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Глагольные отделяемые наречия-приставки в славянском, германском и финно-угорском как объект контактной грамматики

Author(s): Aleksandr D. Duličenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1-2/2005

The object of the study of contact grammar is those changes of linguistic elements that are influenced by the contact language. The clear example which belongs to the field of the Slavic-German-Hungarian contact grammar is the separable, adverbial by origin, prefixes of verbs. In some Slavic languages and dialects, this unusual phenomenon appeared during the lasting contacts with German. As seems, in Hungarian the development of the same phenomenon was also caused by German, and in turn it influenced neighboring Slavic dialects. In the present article, the author have studied the separable verbal prefixes of the Gradiščan dialect of Croatian, have indicated their German and Hungarian equivalents and have compiled the list of the verbs with the prefixes of this sort. The analysis resulted in the conclusion that the given adverbs not only specify the meaning of the verbs but also dominate in the coining of new words and affect syntax. The research into this most interesting problem, initiated by the prominent Hungarian scholar Laszlo Hadrovics on the basis of South Slavic material, requires the more detailed examination of the Slavic linguistic area and its history.

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Глобалният английски език в български контекст
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Глобалният английски език в български контекст

Georgieva, М. (2011). Global English in Bulgarian Context. Varna: Silueti Publishing House. 203 p.

Author(s): Dafina Kostadinova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

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Граматически игри, Синтактичната игра Питанките на МеСиЗа: създаване и хоризонти на очакване
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Граматически игри, Синтактичната игра Питанките на МеСиЗа: създаване и хоризонти на очакване

Author(s): Petya Barkalova,Iva Nedeleva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2020

The paper presents an attempt to gamify the process of teaching Bulgarian syntax. It is based on a university course in Modern Bulgarian Syntax for the philological and educational programs in the Department of Philology at the University of Plovdiv. The theoretical model of the sentence follows the rules of the phrase structure. The main principle of language analysis, which is presented as a game, is focused on the sentence structure in Bulgarian. The skills for presenting structural graphic representations are being developed. The function of words as parts of the sentence are presented through syntactic projections which are being configured by the students and this develops their critical thinking. The authors provide students with a completely new educational tool by creating the pilot version of 'The MeSiZa's Questions' /grammar game for Meta Language Symbolic Representation/. Scientifically, the implications belong to the e-Science paradigm. The authors offer a further collaboration and partnership to the teachers in Bulgarian language to apply this innovative approach, i.e the use of grammar games, into school teaching practice.

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Графические особенности «Словаря Языка Черемис­скаго»

Author(s): Oleg A. Sergeev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2019

The handwritten monument of the «Словарь Языка Черемисскаго» (Hermitage collection No. 216; Dictionary of the Cheremiss Language) dates from the second half of the XVIII century. It is a copy of another unpublished Mari dictionary, which is stored in a single copy in the «Adelung’s Materials» in the manuscript department of the Russian National Library. The dictionary is compiled by semi-joint. The monument does not use remote letters, superscripts, which was characteristic of the letter of the end of the XVIII century. Of superscripts, the exception is an acute (´); it is not found in all words. In the dictionary, along with the Cyrillic letter г, the grapheme g is often used. In some positions octal и is replaced with decimal i. As in many monuments of writing of the XVIII century, certain difficulties were in the presentation of the Mari specific phonemes: back-lingual sonant η, frontal labial phonemes ӧ and ü.

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Грецизми у теолошким радовима академског подстила на енглеском и српском језику

Грецизми у теолошким радовима академског подстила на енглеском и српском језику

Author(s): Ivana A. Knežević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 19/2019

The lexical level of language is the most prominent representative of each field of science individually. The paper discusses the use of Grecisms in theological papers of academic or strictly scientific substyle. The analysis was carried out on the corpus of works of eminent authors in Serbian and in English, and in the case where there are appropriate translations, a comparative analysis was made.

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Греческие корни в лексическом составе русского и польского языков (семантический, словообразовательно-морфологический и стилистический аспекты)
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Греческие корни в лексическом составе русского и польского языков (семантический, словообразовательно-морфологический и стилистический аспекты)

Author(s): Maciej Walczak / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 2016

The object of research in the following work are the autonomous lexical units (for instance: dramat, estetyka, technika, technologia, energia, energetyka, etc. with their derivatives) and the root morphemes borrowed from the Greek language (bio-, cyber-, eko-, ekono-, elektro-, and mega-) in the structure of selected parts of speech in Polish and Russian. The object of analysis are semantic, morphological-derivational and stylistic features of these parts of speech in the Polish-Russian confrontation. The choice of the research subject was dictated by the need to describe in detail a selected fragment of lexis of related languages with regard to the influence of foreign elements on their vocabulary, and furthermore, their evolution and expansion into other areas of the linguistic system. This choice is even more justified regarding the lack of specific Polish-Russian studies on the subject (with an emphasis on the most recent phenomena in both languages). The existing and quite extensive literature discussed in chapter one allows us to draw the conclusion that borrowings were first and foremost studied as lexical phenomena. These issues were also often analysed in terms of the word formation, morphology and adaptation processes of the foreign elements. The questions of borrowings in phraseology and dialectology have been described to a lesser extent. It should be noted that the borrowings from Greek constitute quite a large body in the lexis of the Russian language. Therefore, they have been more thoroughly and broadly reflected in Russian linguistic literature than in Polish. Moreover, different methods were applied for the analysis of the borrowings, as well as not always coinciding typologies and classifications. In chapter two of the following dissertation, we managed to discover, unlike analogical comparative studies, the potential conceptual mechanisms affecting the synonymy of the foreign morphemes (mega-, super, hiper- and ekstra-) not only with their native counterparts, but also with other evaluative phrases (mainly positive). It seems that we have also explained the question of collocations, in both languages, of the lexoid mega- with appropriate nouns (against the background of Greek). These collocations may stem from its two established main meanings vectorial and scalar, depending on whether it collocates with a concrete or abstract noun. The vectorial meaning is hereby understood as a feature related to space, that is as size oriented horizontally (length, width) and vertically (height), like mega bluza, mega kolczyki; мега сборник, мега карандаш. The scalar meaning, on the other hand, is interpreted as a feature manifesting itself through intensity (for example mega energia, mega masa, and mega moc). Furthermore, in this chapter, we have proposed a classification of lexemes with morphemes of our interest according to meaning (e.g. in different contexts, the adjective электронный / elektroniczny can be interpreted as: 1.‘Internet’; 2. ‘virtual’ – that is materially nonexistent; 3. ‘computer’; 4. ‘related to electronics’ – а) ‘a field of science’, b) ‘equipment’. In addition, semantic parallelisms have been indicated between the parts of speech containing the discussed morphemes and the lexemes regarded as their synonyms (e.g. экологичный / ekologiczny = зелёный / zielony) or antonyms (e.g. Polish eko- ≠ techno-). The comparison of lexical units containing the roots of our interest showed that forms with the roots eko- and mega- are not typical of the Russian language, whereas units with the root cyber- are not typical or frequent of the Polish language. The analysis of these phenomena against a broader lexical background is continued in chapter three. The aim of chapter three is one of the most important aims of this dissertation. It is to reveal and describe these semantic features of the analysed lexical units, which are present in the language in use, but are not registered in reference sources. As such, they can serve as an indicator of differences and similarities between the languages. The maximum number of differences was discovered among the nouns technika – техника, technologia – технология, energia – энергия, energetyka – энергетика and in their derivatives. It should be noted that the semantic changes happening in the languages are often of a spontaneous nature, especially in the case of everyday speech, where specific meanings often result from an intuitive choice of the users. Spontaneity and impetuosity characteristic mainly of the Polish language were particularly visible at the morphological level (prepositive and postpositive usage), and, at the same time, at the spelling level (written as separate words). On the other hand, in Russian, the position of the root morphemes was more regular and orderly, confirmed by mainly unhyphenated or hyphenated spelling and, simultaneously, prepositive usage. It was also important to analyse and describe the spelling of the discussed morphemes. In Polish, as was mentioned, they are more frequently spelt as separate words. This, however, does not seem to be proof of the language users’ incompetence only, but most probably, of the process of the roots’ getting closer to appropriate independent parts of speech (e.g. bio, eko, and elektro, begin to function as invariable nouns of foreign origin ending in -o like: bordo, kakao; kilo, deko). A possible cause of this, as noticed by J. Ziemskaja, can be their high frequency usage. On the other hand, the predominance of unhyphenated or hyphenated spelling in Russian lets us believe that this process is apparently less characteristic of this language. Besides the semantic and morphological aspects of the studied phenomena, also the stylistic features and frequency of the selected lexical units were considered, which is the core of chapter four. The comparative study showed that certain words, which were stylistically charged and peripheral in one language, were neutral and commonly used in the other language. The two languages were similar, considering the frequency of different parts of speech in selected styles, in journalistic style. This observation leads to the assumption that the major channel for their spreading are the mass media. Moreover, the fact that the analysed entities belong in different styles in the two languages may result from their history and, hence, influence of different traditions – eastern, Greek and Old-Slavonic on Russian, and western-Latin and colloquial-bourgeois on Polish. The studies also indicated that the process of semantic changes, and thereby enriching the vocabulary, is happening in a different way in the two languages. In Russian, it frequently happens through paronymy, whereas in Polish, through synonymy and polysemy. The comparison of the fragment of lexis (based on selected adjectives) also showed the differences regarding the paronyms of Greek. In Russian, they are represented by common-root adjectives, whereas in Polish, by appropriate lexemes with different roots, similar only formally. Paronymy in Russian, on occasions, is a result of borrowings (also from Polish). It lets us assume that Russian, unlike Polish, does not automatically incorporate a borrowing into its own system, but rather forms a paronymous pair not only to distinguish between meanings, but also to create an opposition native / foreign. This opposition may fade in time due to adaptation processes transforming a paronymous relation into synonymous (for instance симптоматический – симптоматичный, флегматическй – флегматичный), this being facilitated, as can be assumed, by the external similarity of the given lexemes. However, this hypothesis requires distinct and detailed studies. It may be a prospect for further research into the field, and so may be the influence of Greek on the phraseology of Polish and Russian. An interesting prospect, scientific and (glotto) dydactic, could also be the compiling of comparative lexico-semantic blocks of borrowings from the Greek language, which would identify lexical fields dominated by these borrowings to a greater or lesser extent (with an emphasis on the general language). The frequency, stylistic and semantic characteristics of the studied units confirm their evolution, which still requires more analyses. It should be established which meanings will have gone out of use as rare, ephemeral or accidental, and which of them will have become well established, owing to their high frequency, adaptation and suitability for a particular linguistic system. The changes in the Russian and Polish languages are happening so fast that lexicography does not keep up with the recording and describing of the lexical and semantic phenomena, which is fully understandable and explicable. The continuous and active interlanguage relations not only increase the number of borrowings, but also stimulate intralanguage changes, the study of which appears to be a very interesting prospect.

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