Некоторые вопросы польско-венгерской контрастивной семантики

Author(s): Janusz Bańczerowski / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1-3/2003

In the present paper the author gives a brief survey of the main problems of the contrastive semantics, emphasizing the significance of the cognitive approach in this field. The article deals with similarities and differences between two languages on the level of meaning. The following questions are discussed: socio-cultural idiomatics, modes of lexicalization, the lack of equivalents, categorization and conceptualization of the meaning, metalinguistic structures as a means of the expression of the axiological information in Polish and Hungarian.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ МОДЕЛИ АФФИКСАЛЬНОЙ ДЕРИВАЦИИ КАК ПРИЧИНА НАЛИЧИЯ ЛАКУН (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ БОЛГАРСКОГО, РУССКОГО И ГРЕЧЕСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)

Author(s): Viktoria Kaneva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 10/2014

The article discusses the role that the means of formation of new lexical units by affixation in Russian, Bulgarian and Greek play in the appearance of “blank spaces” in the vocabulary of these three languages. The main methods of word formation in all three languages are almost identical, but there are peculiarities, which result in the presence of non-equivalent lexis in one of the languages in relation to the other two. Analyzing the means of formation of new lexical units by affixation in the three languages reveals two main reasons for the existence of lexical gaps in the compared languages, namely the different productivity and frequency of use of corresponding affixation models, and secondly the absence in one of the languages of similar in meaning and usage affixes carrying specific meaning.

НЕМЕЦКО-РУССКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ 1834–35 ГГ. И ЕГО ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ

Author(s): Laysan Islamovna Akhmetsagirova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2015

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the German-Russian Dictionary of 1834–1835 and its foreign sources (the explanatory dictionaries by J.Ch. Adelung, J.H. Campe, and T. Heinsius that were well-known in the 18th and 19th centuries). The purpose of this study is to find out the lexicographic value of the German-Russian Dictionary of 1834–1835 and analyze the contribution of its authors to the development of German-Russian lexicography. On the basis of the developed method of lexicographic analysis, similarities and differences in the concept and composition of the studied dictionaries are revealed. The comparative analysis is focused on the following aspects: principles for arrangement of headwords; principles for selection of entry words; techniques of meaning discrimination; sources of phonetic, grammatical information; and illustrative examples.

Необособена апозиция vs. обособена апозиция

Author(s): Anton Getsov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian,German / Issue: 1/2019

This article aims to critically review research literature on appositive constructions in Russian, English and German linguistics. The discussion focuses primarily on whether, how and to what extent its two basic realisations are practically distinguished: constructions with non-detached appositions and constructions with detached appositions. The nature of this distinction has a direct relevance to the determination of the grammatical status of appositive constructions and their components. Delineating the boundaries and the scope of the discussed syntactic units and their actual (rather than nominal) definition would contribute to the effective, adequate and appropriate resolution of many issues related to their structure, semantics and function.

НЕОПУБЛИКОВАННЫЙ МАНСИЙСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ П. С. ПАЛЛАСА — РАНЕЕ НЕИЗВЕСТНЫЙ МАНСИЙСКИЙ ДИАЛЕКТ?

Author(s): Julia V. Normanskaja,Natalia Kosheliuk / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 01 (36)/2020

The article presents an analysis of a previously unpublished Mansi dictionary, which was discovered in A. M. Sjögren holding of St. Petersburg Branch Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Its authorship, the place and time of its creation are unknown. The attention can be drawn to the fact that the wordlist coincides with the dictionaries by P. S. Pallas, which were collected in the 18th century. However, in the book by P. S. Pallas “Comparative Dictionaries of all Languages and Dialects Collected by the Right Hand of the All-Important Person” (Saint Petersburg, 1787—1789), these materials are missing for some unknown reason. The article presents the results of the analysis of the dictionary’s features concerning dialectal differentiation in comparison to other dialects of the Mansi language. The text was studied according to its graphical and phonetical features as well as according its dialectal differentiation. This fact and the addition of a comparative analysis of the dictionary with the modern information obtained in the fieldwork permit establishing that the language of the dictionary has an affinity with the Konda (earthern) and Middle-Ob (northern) dialect (the transition of Proto-Mansi *k into x before Proto-Mansi back vowels, the reflex of *ɣ before consonants and at the end of a word). This is confirmed by the lexical isoglosses common with the dialect, recorded near the river Beryozovaya and presented in the dictionary by P. S. Pallas. But in the dictionary a special form of conjugation is marked, which was previously described only for western dialects. The dictionary also shows the archaic preservation of the Proto-Mansi *š that turns into s in the northern Middle-Ob and Sosvinsky dialects, and Proto-Mansi *ɣ in the intervocal position that turns into w in all dialects except for the western Lozvinsky.

Нов самоучител по английски език с актуални текстове и богат справочен материал

Стамболиева, M. Английски eзик – сaмоучитeл в диaлози – 1. Плевен: Грамма.

Author(s): Milka Hadjikoteva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

НОВИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ ВЪРХУ БЪЛГАРО-ЧЕШКАТА ГЛАГОЛНА МОРФОЛОГИЯ

Author(s): Marinela Mladenova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2019

Новият литературен жанр „Транслит“

Author(s): Madeleine Danova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

The article looks at the way the new hybrid genre of the biofiction functions in the postmodern age. It examines this new genre against the background of such notions as Coupland’s “TransLit” and Hutcheon’s “historiographic metafiction”, as well as Bauman’s “liquid modernity”. It also traces the development of the genre of biography and its use in the subtle play between fact and fiction in contemporary literature. A specific attention is paid to the biographical fictions based on the life and the works of Henry James, one of the canonical figures in Anglo-American literature and in particular to one of the less known biofictions, Liebmann-Smith’s The James Boys: A Novel Account of Four Desperate Brothers (2008). The article reaches a conclusion that the “TransLit” of today destroys the temporal and the spatial boundaries creating a patchwork of fragments united by the power of the writer’s imagination.

Новые типы словарей как источники лингвокультурологической информации

Author(s): Valeriy Efremov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2016

The modern Russian-language lexicography provides vast material for national and cultural research of the Russian language. The article describes unique dictionaries of different genres and different scientific schools; each of these dictionaries includes important linguistic-cultural component. Special mention is made of associative dictionary usage for explicating such cognitive and cultural units as gender stereotypes

Номинативне реченице у руском језику на материјалу пословица (и њихови еквиваленти у српском језику)

Author(s): Milica Šević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 9/2014

In the paper, the author deals with nominal sentences in Russian and their structure observed within the corpus of proverbs. The main corpus material are examples from Serbo-Croatian – Russian Paremiological Dictionary by J.Z., and this material is extended by the examples from the collection of Proverbs of Russian People by V.I. and the collection of Serbian Folk Proverbs by V. S. Karadzic. The aim of the paper is to explain nominal sentences in Russian from the aspects of structure and semantics within the proverbs, present those sentences that are similar to nominal sentences in form, yet not the real simple sentences, and then focus the attention on the issue of whether the nominal sentence is simple or not.

Номинация ароматного растения душица обыкновенная (Origanum vulgare L.) в русском и болгарском языках

Author(s): Ganna Angelova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

The article examines the origin of the nomination of the herbaceous plant oregano (Rus. душица обыкновeнная). The main object of analysis are the linguistic manifestations of specific and functional signs as the basis of name, and the ways of their expression. Based on this are determined the models of nominative row in Russian and Bulgarian languages. The study of nominative rows of the plant oregano entering the thematic group of phytonyms „Medicinal herbaceous plants of the family Lamiaceae,“ is the most acceptable method for the study of the principles and ways of nomination of objects possessing common properties. This method facilitates the study to focus on the many names and identify the current relations between marked objects and their names, as well as to reveal the systemic organization of thematic vocabulary groups. Furthermore, comparison of current models of nominative rows in the system of the two languages (Russian and Bulgarian) provides an opportunity to indicate the integrity of nominations of the studied thematic group.

НОРМАТИВНИ ПРЕДПОСТАВКИ ОТНОСНО УПОТРЕБАТА НА БЕЗПРЕДЛОЖНИ ФОРМИ НА РОДИТЕЛЕН ПАДЕЖ НА ИМЕНАТА И ПРЕДЛОЖНИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ С ОТЪ В СТАРОБЪЛГАРСКАТА И СРЕДНОБЪЛГАРСКАТА ПИСМЕНОСТ

Author(s): Cvetanka Yanakieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 13/2013

The article discusses the choice between genitive forms without prepositions and prepositional genitives with „отъ” denoting the object in the verbs “be afraid/ scared of” with ablative relations between the object and the subject found in the Old-Bulgarian Psalter of Sinai, and the Middle-Bulgarian Psalter of Bologna and Tomic Psalter. An attempt is made to define some normative prerequisites as well as some formal semantic factors for their use in the Slavonic tradition of Psalter as compared to the Greek Protograph. The author suggests a new interpretation of a group of prepositional phrases with „отъ” in the verbs of the Old-Bulgarian Codek Suprasliensis and the Manasi Chronicle, which are traditionally viewed as exceptions.

Нулти члан у италијанским пословицама

Author(s): Aleksandra R. Blatešić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 5/2012

Research of this work was carried out on Italian proverbs, which have all the features of the sentence, and some special features that make them different from the usual sentence in everyday communication. The bare nouns in the initial part of the proverbs occur because of the relocation of the informative focus into the initial position regardless of the function that later they carry out. Furthermore the omission of the article is due to various changes in syntactic structure, permutation or omission of sentence constituents, such as verbs and conjunctions. Realizing the most important principles of these changes led us to a better understanding of this phenomenon in Italian proverbs, but also to significant variety of their syntactic structures.

Някои особени лексеми в старобългарския превод на Иполитовото тълкувание на Книга на пророк Даниил

Author(s): Ivan I. Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 16/2016

The object of the current research is Talkovanie na Kniga na propok Daniil – the Slavonic version of the Commentaries on the Book of Prophet Daniel (Commentarii in Danielem, CPG 1873) by Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170–235), the earliest and most profound commentaries on this Old Testament book. They were written round 204 and their translation into Old Bulgarian can be counted among the earliest works of Bulgarian literature. The time of the Commentaries’ translation is under discussion, its dating ranging from the last decades of the ninth to the middle of the tenth century. Some linguistic facts of the Commentaries have sporadically been compared with the partial translation of the Book of the Prophet Daniel, included in the Prophetologion. Also, some comparisons have been made between the Slavonic translation of the Commentaries and the so-called Talkovni proroci – a translation of Old Testament books of prophets with commentaries. The analysis is based on a 1519 manuscript of the Commentaries (No. 486 from the Volokolamsk Collection, Russian State Library, Moscow), which follows the tradition of the earlier copies and most profoundly keeps the content of the Commentaries. In addition to morphological particularities, in the text there are many lexical idiosyncrasies, which can facilitate the dating and localization of the translation. Among these lexical markers can be singled out which show more interesting data. Many lexemes can be found which are particular to the early written codices and testify to the antiquity of the translation. For instance, some specific lexemes match with words, used in the Codex Suprasliensis and the First Miscellany of Tsar Simeon (Izbornik of 1073), which shows that the Commentaries are one of the earliest translated works of the Old Bulgarian literature.

О двоякой роли письменности Великого княжества Литовского в межславянских языковых контактах

Author(s): Ludmila Harbul / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2017

The paper deals with the twofold role of the written language of the Great Duchy of Lithuania in inter-Slavonic, mainly Polish–Russian language contacts, based on the material of diplomatic correspondence of Muscovy. The author summarizes the research data proving that the written language of the Great Duchy of Lithuania played the role of an active mediator in the 15th–17th centuries in Polish–Russian language contacts and it was a source of lexical and semantic borrowings in the Russian written language and in the Polish written language. What is more, the paper examines anew some lexical borrowings from the written language of the Great Duchy of Lithuania in the Russian Chancery language of the 17th century as well as in the Polish language: golosovati /galasovati ‘cry, make a noise; make a hubbub’, navyklyj ‘accustomed to, habitual’ and futor /chutor ‘small settlement; khutor (separated farm)’.

О ДВУХ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫХ МИКРОСИСТЕМАХ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ГНЕВА В РУССКОМ, ПОЛЬСКОМ И ЧЕШСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Eugeniusz Stefański / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 125/2009

The article analyzes two groups of words, which mean different kinds of anger in Russian, Polish and Czech. The author pays special attention to the etymology of these words and reveals peculiarities of these emotion experiences by the Russian, Polish and Czech linguistic personality.

О диахроническом изучении истории русской беллетристики XIX века

Author(s): Alexey Evgenevich Kozlov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2017

Introduction. The article is devoted to the diachronic method of investigating fiction, which is considered as a debatable issue of modern literary history. Despite more than a century-long tradition of understanding this approach (A.N. Veselovsky, Yu. N. Tynyanov, V.B. Shklovsky, B.M. Eikenbaum, Yu. M. Lotman, B.V. Dubin), it still determines the prospects of linguistic research. The presumption of the author’s model and an inherent figure of the author are considered as typical for synchronic study of literature. The purpose of the article is to analyze the research operations which enable to consider fiction as a cultural phenomenon of axiological significance.Materials and methods. The so-called “stochastic” factors of the literary pro-cess are analyzed within the framework of such categories as replication and alter-nativeness. The research samples included works of the so-called "second literary layer" such as the novel "Country Roads" by D. Grigorovich, the novel "On the Way to Eternity" by V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, the story "Tamarin" by M. Avdeev and the stories "The Player" and "The Model" by N. Aksharumov. Results. The author formulates the following hypotheses based on the conducted analysis:a. Understanding the word classic / fiction / imitation, secondary / alternative as terms is significant for their terminological boundaries which can change the original idea of the literary reputation and place of “secondary” writers in the cultural space.b. Phenomenology of novelist’s creativity, taken in schematic perspective, can be present-ed as an act of the explicit force which is aimed at dialogue and debate and of the implicit force arising as a result of awareness of their inferiority. c. Contemporary perceptions of various figures of the literary process contributed to strengthening these opinions and assessments in later analytical criticism and popular research papers.d. The concepts of “secondary texts” and “texts of the classic” are phenomenological conventions. The author proves that texts by novelists as well as the texts by recognized Russian classical writers contain polyvalent meanings. Conclusions. The author concludes about the possibility of exploring alternative lines of literature, forming its alternative history. This approach will bring scientific philological knowledge to the postneoclassical type of understanding literature and literary process as a complexly organized, mobile and variable model.

О значењу неких глагола говорења у њемачком и српском језику

Author(s): Kristina Mirnić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 6/2012

Given the fact that every language is subject to various historical trends, spiritual directions, and new social structures, one can assume it is the lexic of any given language that is influenced the most in this respect, by which contacts with other peoples and cultures play a major role. As a direct result of these processes, we witness both the emergence of new lexic and the disappearance of old forms, as well as changes in existing word sets. For that purpose, this paper analyses shifts in meaning and stylistic features of some verbs in the German and Serbian languages.

О КОНТРАСТИВНОЈ АНАЛИЗИ

Author(s): Marija N. Vujović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 65/2018

This paper discusses the concept of contrastive analysis, its origin and development, and the position that this method occupies in linguistics particularly according to linguists Fries and Lado. Also we pay attention to its pragmatic aspect and we emphasize its pedagogical orientation, i.e. the significance of the results of the contrastive analysis for teaching foreign languages, the study of bilingualism, translation, language planning and the improvement of the quality of language teaching in general. Furthermore, we define the concept of interference, i.e. the idea that the students have a tendency to transfer phonetic, morphological, syntactic or lexical characteristics from their native language into the target language and we consider the influence that behaviorism and structuralism have had on a contrastive analysis. The paper also discusses Ronald Wardhaugh’s contrastive analysis hypothesis, both its weak and strong version, and Fred Eckman’s Markedness Differential Hypothesis as well and clarifies the way of understanding the error in this branch of general linguistics. Finally, a critique of contrastive analysis is summarized.

О неким питањима српско-хрватске интерпункције (у поређењу са руским)

Author(s): Ira V. Ivanova / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 1/1990

In der Arbeit, wird das System der Interpunktion im Serbokroatischen erörtert, das in der Rechtschreibung aus dem Jahre 1960 im Vergleich mit der russischen Interpunktion aum Ausdruck gebracht worden ist. Man geht von der Tatsache aus, daß sich im Serbokroatischen um eine logische Interpunktion handelt. In der Arbeit wird die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Kommasetzung in einem zusammengesetzten Satz gelenkt. Es gibt Situationen, wo man ein Komma setzen muß. Parallel dazu wird in der serbokroatischen Sprache ein Komma oft als ein Zeichen zur Unterscheidung der Bedeutung in einem Satz gesetzt. Satzgefüge mit einem durch Kommas getrennten Ergänzungssatz haben eine Reihe formaler, semantischer und stilistischer Merkmale, die man in der russischen Übersetzung wegen des unterschiedlichen Gebrauchs von Interpunktionszeichen im Russischen nicht immer verfolgen kann.